메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 8, Issue 1, 2013, Pages 163-179

Adrenergic and dopaminergic modulation of immunity in multiple sclerosis: Teaching old drugs new tricks?

Author keywords

Adrenaline; Adrenoceptors; Dopamine; Dopaminergic receptors; Lymphocytes; Multiple sclerosis; Neuroimmunology; Noradrenaline

Indexed keywords

ADRENALIN; ADRENERGIC RECEPTOR; ADRENERGIC RECEPTOR STIMULATING AGENT; AROMATIC LEVO AMINO ACID DECARBOXYLASE; CATECHOLAMINE; COMPLEMENT MEMBRANE ATTACK COMPLEX; DOPAMINE; DOPAMINE BETA MONOOXYGENASE; DOPAMINE RECEPTOR; INTERLEUKIN 17; INTERLEUKIN 6; NEUROHORMONE; NORADRENALIN; PHENYLETHANOLAMINE N METHYLTRANSFERASE; PROLACTIN; TUMOR NECROSIS FACTOR ALPHA; TYROSINE 3 MONOOXYGENASE;

EID: 84874660939     PISSN: 15571890     EISSN: 15571904     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1007/s11481-012-9410-z     Document Type: Review
Times cited : (73)

References (116)
  • 1
    • 0026657277 scopus 로고
    • Autonomic dysfunction in central nervous system disorders
    • 1515688 1:STN:280:DyaK38zosF2hsw%3D%3D
    • Aminoff MJ (1992) Autonomic dysfunction in central nervous system disorders. Curr Opin Neurol Neurosurg 5:482-486
    • (1992) Curr Opin Neurol Neurosurg , vol.5 , pp. 482-486
    • Aminoff, M.J.1
  • 2
    • 0024241865 scopus 로고
    • Blood lymphocyte beta-adrenergic receptors in multiple sclerosis
    • 2849904 1:STN:280:DyaL1M%2Fos12ltA%3D%3D 10.1111/j.1749-6632.1988. tb27181.x
    • Arnason BG, Brown M, Maselli R, Karaszewski J, Reder A (1988) Blood lymphocyte beta-adrenergic receptors in multiple sclerosis. Ann N Y Acad Sci 540:585-588
    • (1988) Ann N y Acad Sci , vol.540 , pp. 585-588
    • Arnason, B.G.1    Brown, M.2    Maselli, R.3    Karaszewski, J.4    Reder, A.5
  • 3
    • 84907113227 scopus 로고
    • Characteristics of tryciclic antidepressant binding sites associated with murine lymphocytes from spleen
    • 7153523 1:CAS:528:DyaL3sXislyjtA%3D%3D
    • Audus KL, Gordon MA (1982) Characteristics of tryciclic antidepressant binding sites associated with murine lymphocytes from spleen. J Immunopharmacol 4:1-12
    • (1982) J Immunopharmacol , vol.4 , pp. 1-12
    • Audus, K.L.1    Gordon, M.A.2
  • 5
    • 38149054920 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Dopamine, serotonin and noradrenaline changes in the striatum of C57BL mice following myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein (MOG) 35-55 and complete Freund adjuvant (CFA) administration
    • Bałkowiec-Iskra E, Kurkowska-Jastrzebska I, Joniec I, Ciesielska A, Członkowska A, Członkowski A (2007b) Dopamine, serotonin and noradrenaline changes in the striatum of C57BL mice following myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein (MOG) 35-55 and complete Freund adjuvant (CFA) administration. Acta Neurobiol Exp (Wars) 67:379-388
    • (2007) Acta Neurobiol Exp (Wars) , vol.67 , pp. 379-388
    • Bałkowiec-Iskra, E.1    Kurkowska-Jastrzebska, I.2    Joniec, I.3    Ciesielska, A.4    Członkowska, A.5    Członkowski, A.6
  • 6
    • 0033992334 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Dopamine, a neurotransmitter, influences the immune system
    • 10636479 1:CAS:528:DyaK1MXotVKqt7o%3D 10.1016/S0165-5728(99)00176-9
    • Basu S, Dasgupta PS (2000) Dopamine, a neurotransmitter, influences the immune system. J Neuroimmunol 102:113-124
    • (2000) J Neuroimmunol , vol.102 , pp. 113-124
    • Basu, S.1    Dasgupta, P.S.2
  • 7
    • 79952032110 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The physiology, signaling, and pharmacology of dopamine receptors
    • 21303898 1:CAS:528:DC%2BC3MXjslGis70%3D 10.1124/pr.110.002642
    • Beaulieu J-M, Gainetdinov RR (2011) The physiology, signaling, and pharmacology of dopamine receptors. Pharmacol Rev 63:182-217
    • (2011) Pharmacol Rev , vol.63 , pp. 182-217
    • Beaulieu, J.-M.1    Gainetdinov, R.R.2
  • 8
    • 0030849023 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Dopamine, as well as norepinephrine, is a link between noradrenergic nerve terminals and splenocytes
    • 9252021 1:CAS:528:DyaK2sXkt1Sjtb0%3D 10.1016/S0006-8993(97)00313-2
    • Bencsics A, Sershen H, Baranyi M, Hashim A, Lajtha A, Vizi ES (1997) Dopamine, as well as norepinephrine, is a link between noradrenergic nerve terminals and splenocytes. Brain Res 761:236-243
    • (1997) Brain Res , vol.761 , pp. 236-243
    • Bencsics, A.1    Sershen, H.2    Baranyi, M.3    Hashim, A.4    Lajtha, A.5    Vizi, E.S.6
  • 9
    • 0031749001 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Identification of catecholamines in the immune system by electrospray ionization mass spectrometry
    • 9633115 1:CAS:528:DyaK1cXjs1Kmur0%3D 10.1002/(SICI)1097-0231(19980615)12: 11<683: AID-RCM218>3.0.CO;2-N
    • Bergquist J, Silberring J (1998) Identification of catecholamines in the immune system by electrospray ionization mass spectrometry. Rapid Commun Mass Spectrom 12:683-688
    • (1998) Rapid Commun Mass Spectrom , vol.12 , pp. 683-688
    • Bergquist, J.1    Silberring, J.2
  • 10
    • 0028225788 scopus 로고
    • In vitro effects of cocaine, lidocaine and monoamine uptake inhibitors on lymphocyte proliferative responses
    • 8077605 1:CAS:528:DyaK2cXlslSgsL4%3D 10.3109/08923979409007088
    • Berkeley MB, Daussin S, Hernandez MC, Bayer BM (1994) In vitro effects of cocaine, lidocaine and monoamine uptake inhibitors on lymphocyte proliferative responses. Immunopharmacol Immunotoxicol 16:165-178
    • (1994) Immunopharmacol Immunotoxicol , vol.16 , pp. 165-178
    • Berkeley, M.B.1    Daussin, S.2    Hernandez, M.C.3    Bayer, B.M.4
  • 11
    • 27444431871 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Dopamine by itself activates either D2, D3 or D1/D5 dopaminergic receptors in normal human T-cells and triggers the selective secretion of either IL-10, TNFalpha or both
    • 16150496 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD2MXhtFKhsrnJ 10.1016/j.jneuroim.2005.07.013
    • Besser MJ, Ganor Y, Levite M (2005) Dopamine by itself activates either D2, D3 or D1/D5 dopaminergic receptors in normal human T-cells and triggers the selective secretion of either IL-10, TNFalpha or both. J Neuroimmunol 169:161-171
    • (2005) J Neuroimmunol , vol.169 , pp. 161-171
    • Besser, M.J.1    Ganor, Y.2    Levite, M.3
  • 14
    • 0009772825 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Interactions between the sympathetic nervous system and the immune system
    • 10.1006/brbi.1999.0549 1:CAS:528:DyaK1MXnvFars7c%3D
    • Chelmicka-Schorr E, Arnason BG (1999) Interactions between the sympathetic nervous system and the immune system. Brain Behav Immun 13:271-278
    • (1999) Brain Behav Immun , vol.13 , pp. 271-278
    • Chelmicka-Schorr, E.1    Arnason, B.G.2
  • 15
    • 0023872336 scopus 로고
    • Chemical sympathectomy augments the severity of experimental allergic encephalomyelitis
    • 3257497 1:STN:280:DyaL1c7hsF2ntw%3D%3D 10.1016/0165-5728(88)90125-7
    • Chelmicka-Schorr E, Checinski M, Arnason BG (1988) Chemical sympathectomy augments the severity of experimental allergic encephalomyelitis. J Neuroimmunol 17:347-350
    • (1988) J Neuroimmunol , vol.17 , pp. 347-350
    • Chelmicka-Schorr, E.1    Checinski, M.2    Arnason, B.G.3
  • 16
    • 0024455145 scopus 로고
    • The beta-adrenergic agonist isoproterenol suppresses experimental allergic encephalomyelitis in Lewis rats
    • 2573618 1:CAS:528:DyaK3cXhs1SntQ%3D%3D 10.1016/0165-5728(89)90138-0
    • Chelmicka-Schorr E, Kwasniewski MN, Thomas BE, Arnason BG (1989) The beta-adrenergic agonist isoproterenol suppresses experimental allergic encephalomyelitis in Lewis rats. J Neuroimmunol 25:203-207
    • (1989) J Neuroimmunol , vol.25 , pp. 203-207
    • Chelmicka-Schorr, E.1    Kwasniewski, M.N.2    Thomas, B.E.3    Arnason, B.G.4
  • 18
    • 0033524966 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Endogenous catecholamine synthesis, metabolism, storage and uptake in human neutrophils
    • 10201646 1:CAS:528:DyaK1MXhsFelsLw%3D 10.1016/S0024-3205(99)00023-5
    • Cosentino M, Marino F, Bombelli R, Ferrari M, Lecchini S, Frigo G (1999) Endogenous catecholamine synthesis, metabolism, storage and uptake in human neutrophils. Life Sci 64:975-981
    • (1999) Life Sci , vol.64 , pp. 975-981
    • Cosentino, M.1    Marino, F.2    Bombelli, R.3    Ferrari, M.4    Lecchini, S.5    Frigo, G.6
  • 20
    • 0036890452 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Catecholamine production and tyrosine hydroxylase expression in peripheral blood mononuclear cells from multiple sclerosis patients:effect of cell stimulation and possible relevance for activation-induced apoptosis
    • 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD38Xoslantb4%3D 10.1016/S0165-5728(02)00372-7
    • Cosentino M, Zaffaroni M, Marino F, Bombelli R, Ferrari M, Rasini E, Lecchini S, Ghezzi A, Frigo GM (2002a) Catecholamine production and tyrosine hydroxylase expression in peripheral blood mononuclear cells from multiple sclerosis patients:effect of cell stimulation and possible relevance for activation-induced apoptosis. J Neuroimmunol 133:233-240
    • (2002) J Neuroimmunol , vol.133 , pp. 233-240
    • Cosentino, M.1    Zaffaroni, M.2    Marino, F.3    Bombelli, R.4    Ferrari, M.5    Rasini, E.6    Lecchini, S.7    Ghezzi, A.8    Frigo, G.M.9
  • 21
    • 0036228049 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Stimulation with phytohaemagglutinin induces the synthesis of catecholamines in human peripheral blood mononuclear cells: Role of protein kinase C and contribution of intracellular calcium
    • 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD38XivVSht7c%3D 10.1016/S0165-5728(02)00019-X
    • Cosentino M, Marino F, Bombelli R, Ferrari M, Rasini E, Lecchini S, Frigo G (2002b) Stimulation with phytohaemagglutinin induces the synthesis of catecholamines in human peripheral blood mononuclear cells: role of protein kinase C and contribution of intracellular calcium. J Neuroimmunol 125:125-133
    • (2002) J Neuroimmunol , vol.125 , pp. 125-133
    • Cosentino, M.1    Marino, F.2    Bombelli, R.3    Ferrari, M.4    Rasini, E.5    Lecchini, S.6    Frigo, G.7
  • 22
    • 0242365624 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Unravelling dopamine (and catecholamine) physiopharmacology in lymphocytes:open questions
    • 14596880 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD3sXosVyis7w%3D 10.1016/j.it.2003.09.002
    • Cosentino M, Marino F, Bombelli R, Ferrari M, Lecchini S, Frigo G (2003) Unravelling dopamine (and catecholamine) physiopharmacology in lymphocytes:open questions. Trends Immunol 24:581-582
    • (2003) Trends Immunol , vol.24 , pp. 581-582
    • Cosentino, M.1    Marino, F.2    Bombelli, R.3    Ferrari, M.4    Lecchini, S.5    Frigo, G.6
  • 23
    • 20144386898 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Interferon-γ and interferon-β affect endogenous catecholamines in human peripheral blood mononuclear cells:implications for multiple sclerosis
    • 15833366 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD2MXjtFyrsbc%3D 10.1016/j.jneuroim.2005.01.019
    • Cosentino M, Zaffaroni M, Ferrari M, Marino F, Bombelli R, Rasini E, Frigo G, Ghezzi A, Comi G, Lecchini S (2005) Interferon-γ and interferon-β affect endogenous catecholamines in human peripheral blood mononuclear cells:implications for multiple sclerosis. J Neuroimmunol 162:112-121
    • (2005) J Neuroimmunol , vol.162 , pp. 112-121
    • Cosentino, M.1    Zaffaroni, M.2    Ferrari, M.3    Marino, F.4    Bombelli, R.5    Rasini, E.6    Frigo, G.7    Ghezzi, A.8    Comi, G.9    Lecchini, S.10
  • 24
    • 33846223151 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Human CD4 + CD25+ regulatory T cells selectively express tyrosine hydroxylase and contain endogenous catecholamines subserving an autocrine/paracrine inhibitory functional loop
    • 16985181 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD2sXivVyrsrc%3D 10.1182/blood-2006-01-028423
    • Cosentino M, Fietta AM, Ferrari M, Rasini E, Bombelli R, Carcano E, Saporiti F, Meloni F, Marino F, Lecchini S (2007) Human CD4 + CD25+ regulatory T cells selectively express tyrosine hydroxylase and contain endogenous catecholamines subserving an autocrine/paracrine inhibitory functional loop. Blood 109:632-642
    • (2007) Blood , vol.109 , pp. 632-642
    • Cosentino, M.1    Fietta, A.M.2    Ferrari, M.3    Rasini, E.4    Bombelli, R.5    Carcano, E.6    Saporiti, F.7    Meloni, F.8    Marino, F.9    Lecchini, S.10
  • 26
    • 3342958247 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Antipsychotic treatment of psychosis associated with multiple sclerosis
    • 15276702 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD2cXmtVansb8%3D 10.1016/j.pnpbp.2004.05.010
    • Davids E, Hartwig U, Gastpar M (2004) Antipsychotic treatment of psychosis associated with multiple sclerosis. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry 28:743-744
    • (2004) Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry , vol.28 , pp. 743-744
    • Davids, E.1    Hartwig, U.2    Gastpar, M.3
  • 27
    • 0033544429 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Astrocytes in multiple sclerosis lack beta-2 adrenergic receptors
    • 10563603 10.1212/WNL.53.8.1628
    • De Keyser J, Wilczak N, Leta R, Streetland C (1999) Astrocytes in multiple sclerosis lack beta-2 adrenergic receptors. Neurology 53:1628-1633
    • (1999) Neurology , vol.53 , pp. 1628-1633
    • De Keyser, J.1    Wilczak, N.2    Leta, R.3    Streetland, C.4
  • 28
    • 0037225363 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Are astrocytes central players in the pathophysiology of multiple sclerosis? Arch
    • 10.1212/01.WNL.0000042092.20411.5B
    • De Keyser J, Zeinstra E, Frohman E (2003) Are astrocytes central players in the pathophysiology of multiple sclerosis? Arch. Neurol 60:132-136
    • (2003) Neurol , vol.60 , pp. 132-136
    • De Keyser, J.1    Zeinstra, E.2    Frohman, E.3
  • 29
    • 1542270718 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Astrocytic beta2-adrenergic receptors and multiple sclerosis
    • 15006703 10.1016/j.nbd.2003.10.012 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD2cXhvFSktbo%3D
    • De Keyser J, Zeinstra E, Wilczak N (2004) Astrocytic beta2-adrenergic receptors and multiple sclerosis. Neurobiol Dis 15:331-339
    • (2004) Neurobiol Dis , vol.15 , pp. 331-339
    • De Keyser, J.1    Zeinstra, E.2    Wilczak, N.3
  • 30
    • 52549131286 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Hypoperfusion of the cerebral white matter in multiple sclerosis: Possible mechanisms and pathophysiological significance
    • 18594554 10.1038/jcbfm.2008.72 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD1cXhtFGhsLzM
    • De Keyser J, Steen C, Mostert JP, Koch MW (2008) Hypoperfusion of the cerebral white matter in multiple sclerosis: possible mechanisms and pathophysiological significance. J Cereb Blood Flow Metab 28:1645-1651
    • (2008) J Cereb Blood Flow Metab , vol.28 , pp. 1645-1651
    • De Keyser, J.1    Steen, C.2    Mostert, J.P.3    Koch, M.W.4
  • 31
    • 77956228094 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Astrocytes as potential targets to suppress inflammatory demyelinating lesions in multiple sclerosis
    • De Keyser J, Laureys G, Demol F, Wilczak N, Mostert J, Clinckers R (2010) Astrocytes as potential targets to suppress inflammatory demyelinating lesions in multiple sclerosis. Neurochem Int 57:446-450
    • (2010) Neurochem Int , vol.57 , pp. 446-450
    • De Keyser, J.1    Laureys, G.2    Demol, F.3    Wilczak, N.4    Mostert, J.5    Clinckers, R.6
  • 32
    • 0037085072 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Monoamine neurotoxins-induced apoptosis in lymphocytes by a common oxidative stress mechanism: Involvement of hydrogen peroxide (H(2)O(2)), caspase-3, and nuclear factor kappa-B (NF-kappaB), p53, c-Jun transcription factors
    • 11992635 10.1016/S0006-2952(01)00907-8
    • Del Rio MJ, Velez-Pardo C (2002) Monoamine neurotoxins-induced apoptosis in lymphocytes by a common oxidative stress mechanism: involvement of hydrogen peroxide (H(2)O(2)), caspase-3, and nuclear factor kappa-B (NF-kappaB), p53, c-Jun transcription factors. Biochem Pharmacol 63:677-688
    • (2002) Biochem Pharmacol , vol.63 , pp. 677-688
    • Del Rio, M.J.1    Velez-Pardo, C.2
  • 33
  • 34
    • 0033638849 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The sympathetic nerve-an integrative interface between two supersystems: The brain and the immune system
    • 11121511 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD3MXislWksQ%3D%3D
    • Elenkov IJ, Wilder RL, Chrousos GP, Vizi ES (2000) The sympathetic nerve-an integrative interface between two supersystems: the brain and the immune system. Pharmacol Rev 52:595-638
    • (2000) Pharmacol Rev , vol.52 , pp. 595-638
    • Elenkov, I.J.1    Wilder, R.L.2    Chrousos, G.P.3    Vizi, E.S.4
  • 35
    • 1042287020 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Dopaminergic D1-like receptor-dependent inhibition of tyrosine hydroxylase mRNA expression and catecholamine production in human lymphocytes
    • 15104239 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD2cXhtFWmtrk%3D 10.1016/j.bcp.2003.10.004
    • Ferrari M, Cosentino M, Marino F, Bombelli R, Rasini E, Lecchini S, Frigo G (2004) Dopaminergic D1-like receptor-dependent inhibition of tyrosine hydroxylase mRNA expression and catecholamine production in human lymphocytes. Biochem Pharmacol 67:865-873
    • (2004) Biochem Pharmacol , vol.67 , pp. 865-873
    • Ferrari, M.1    Cosentino, M.2    Marino, F.3    Bombelli, R.4    Rasini, E.5    Lecchini, S.6    Frigo, G.7
  • 37
    • 41649103251 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Catecholamines-crafty weapons in the inflammatory arsenal of immune/inflammatory cells or opening pandora's box?
    • 18079995 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD1cXksVensro%3D
    • Flierl MA, Rittirsch D, Huber-Lang M, Sarma JV, Ward PA (2008) Catecholamines-crafty weapons in the inflammatory arsenal of immune/inflammatory cells or opening pandora's box? Mol Med 14:195-204
    • (2008) Mol Med , vol.14 , pp. 195-204
    • Flierl, M.A.1    Rittirsch, D.2    Huber-Lang, M.3    Sarma, J.V.4    Ward, P.A.5
  • 38
    • 1342332215 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The two faces of L-DOPA: Benefits and adverse side effects in the treatment of Encephalitis lethargica, Parkinson's disease, multiple sclerosis and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis
    • 14962622 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD2cXhtVOltb8%3D 10.1016/S0306-9877(03)00318-9
    • Foster HD, Hoffer A (2004) The two faces of L-DOPA: benefits and adverse side effects in the treatment of Encephalitis lethargica, Parkinson's disease, multiple sclerosis and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Med Hypotheses 62:177-181
    • (2004) Med Hypotheses , vol.62 , pp. 177-181
    • Foster, H.D.1    Hoffer, A.2
  • 39
    • 33644607018 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Multiple sclerosis - The plaque and its pathogenesis
    • 16510748 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD28XitVertLc%3D 10.1056/NEJMra052130
    • Frohman EM, Racke MK, Raine CS (2006) Multiple sclerosis - the plaque and its pathogenesis. N Engl J Med 354:942-955
    • (2006) N Engl J Med , vol.354 , pp. 942-955
    • Frohman, E.M.1    Racke, M.K.2    Raine, C.S.3
  • 40
    • 0031918145 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Association between the gamma-aminobutyric acid A3 receptor gene and multiple sclerosis
    • 9561979 1:STN:280:DyaK1c3itVCntA%3D%3D 10.1001/archneur.55.4.513
    • Gade-Andavolu R, MacMurray JP, Blake H, Muhleman D, Tourtellotte W, Comings DE (1998) Association between the gamma-aminobutyric acid A3 receptor gene and multiple sclerosis. Arch Neurol 55:513-516
    • (1998) Arch Neurol , vol.55 , pp. 513-516
    • Gade-Andavolu, R.1    MacMurray, J.P.2    Blake, H.3    Muhleman, D.4    Tourtellotte, W.5    Comings, D.E.6
  • 41
    • 0028215731 scopus 로고
    • Neuropeptide y plasma levels and serum dopamine-beta-hydroxylase activity in MS patients with and without abnormal cardiovascular reflexes
    • 8140886 1:STN:280:DyaK2c7ovFaltg%3D%3D
    • Gallai V, Sarchielli P, Firenze C, Trequattrini A, Paciaroni M, Usai F, Franceschini M, Palumbo R (1994) Neuropeptide Y plasma levels and serum dopamine-beta-hydroxylase activity in MS patients with and without abnormal cardiovascular reflexes. Acta Neurol Belg 94:44-52
    • (1994) Acta Neurol Belg , vol.94 , pp. 44-52
    • Gallai, V.1    Sarchielli, P.2    Firenze, C.3    Trequattrini, A.4    Paciaroni, M.5    Usai, F.6    Franceschini, M.7    Palumbo, R.8
  • 42
    • 4444352439 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Post-receptorial mechanisms underlie functional disregulation of beta2-adrenergic receptors in lymphocytes from Multiple Sclerosis patients
    • 15342205 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD2cXntlSns7g%3D 10.1016/j.jneuroim.2004.05.013
    • Giorelli M, Livrea P, Trojano M (2004) Post-receptorial mechanisms underlie functional disregulation of beta2-adrenergic receptors in lymphocytes from Multiple Sclerosis patients. J Neuroimmunol 155:143-149
    • (2004) J Neuroimmunol , vol.155 , pp. 143-149
    • Giorelli, M.1    Livrea, P.2    Trojano, M.3
  • 43
    • 22644444582 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Dopamine fails to regulate activation of peripheral blood lymphocytes from multiple sclerosis patients: Effects of IFN-beta
    • 16022584 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD2MXmt1Wmsbg%3D 10.1089/jir.2005.25.395
    • Giorelli M, Livrea P, Trojano M (2005) Dopamine fails to regulate activation of peripheral blood lymphocytes from multiple sclerosis patients: effects of IFN-beta. J Interferon Cytokine Res 25:395-406
    • (2005) J Interferon Cytokine Res , vol.25 , pp. 395-406
    • Giorelli, M.1    Livrea, P.2    Trojano, M.3
  • 44
    • 79960479642 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • {alpha}1-Adrenergic receptors positively regulate toll-like receptor cytokine production from human monocytes and macrophages
    • 21571945 1:CAS:528:DC%2BC3MXpvFelsrk%3D 10.1124/jpet.110.178012
    • Grisanti LA, Woster AP, Dahlman J, Sauter ER, Combs CK, Porter JE (2011) {alpha}1-Adrenergic receptors positively regulate toll-like receptor cytokine production from human monocytes and macrophages. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 338:648-657
    • (2011) J Pharmacol Exp Ther , vol.338 , pp. 648-657
    • Grisanti, L.A.1    Woster, A.P.2    Dahlman, J.3    Sauter, E.R.4    Combs, C.K.5    Porter, J.E.6
  • 45
    • 32544442650 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Autonomic dysfunction in multiple sclerosis
    • 16477484 10.1007/s00415-006-1102-2
    • Haensch CA, Jörg J (2006) Autonomic dysfunction in multiple sclerosis. J Neurol 253(Suppl 1):I3-I9
    • (2006) J Neurol , vol.253 , Issue.SUPPL. 1
    • Haensch, C.A.1    Jörg, J.2
  • 46
    • 5644273987 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • What do we know about the mechanism of action of disease-modifying treatments in MS?
    • 15549350 10.1007/s00415-004-1504-y 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD2cXhtVWkt77O
    • Hartung HP, Bar-Or A, Zoukos Y (2004) What do we know about the mechanism of action of disease-modifying treatments in MS? J Neurol 251(Suppl 5):v12-v29
    • (2004) J Neurol , vol.251 , Issue.SUPPL. 5
    • Hartung, H.P.1    Bar-Or, A.2    Zoukos, Y.3
  • 47
    • 33749059726 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The neurobiology of multiple sclerosis: Genes, inflammation, and neurodegeneration
    • 17015227 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD28XhtFensbfJ 10.1016/j.neuron.2006.09.011
    • Hauser SL, Oksenberg JR (2006) The neurobiology of multiple sclerosis: genes, inflammation, and neurodegeneration. Neuron 52:61-76
    • (2006) Neuron , vol.52 , pp. 61-76
    • Hauser, S.L.1    Oksenberg, J.R.2
  • 48
    • 33645376448 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Immunopathogenesis and immunotherapy of multiple sclerosis
    • 16932551 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD28XktlyqsLk%3D 10.1038/ncpneuro0154
    • Hemmer B, Nessler S, Zhou D, Kieseier B, Hartung HP (2006) Immunopathogenesis and immunotherapy of multiple sclerosis. Nat Clin Pract Neurol 2:201-211
    • (2006) Nat Clin Pract Neurol , vol.2 , pp. 201-211
    • Hemmer, B.1    Nessler, S.2    Zhou, D.3    Kieseier, B.4    Hartung, H.P.5
  • 49
    • 0032916865 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Possible use of amantadine in depression
    • 10333162 1:CAS:528:DyaK1MXjslCls7s%3D 10.1055/s-2007-979191
    • Huber TJ, Dietrich DE, Emrich HM (1999) Possible use of amantadine in depression. Pharmacopsychiatry 32:47-55
    • (1999) Pharmacopsychiatry , vol.32 , pp. 47-55
    • Huber, T.J.1    Dietrich, D.E.2    Emrich, H.M.3
  • 50
    • 32644471890 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Therapeutic role of beta-interferons in multiple sclerosis
    • 16229894 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD28XhsFKrs7w%3D 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2005.08.011
    • Javed A, Reder AT (2006) Therapeutic role of beta-interferons in multiple sclerosis. Pharmacol Ther 110:35-56
    • (2006) Pharmacol Ther , vol.110 , pp. 35-56
    • Javed, A.1    Reder, A.T.2
  • 51
    • 0025332635 scopus 로고
    • Sympathetic skin responses are decreased and lymphocyte beta-adrenergic receptors are increased in progressive multiple sclerosis
    • 2162144 1:STN:280:DyaK3c3ot1CgsA%3D%3D 10.1002/ana.410270404
    • Karaszewski JW, Reder AT, Maselli R, Brown M, Arnason BG (1990) Sympathetic skin responses are decreased and lymphocyte beta-adrenergic receptors are increased in progressive multiple sclerosis. Ann Neurol 27:366-372
    • (1990) Ann Neurol , vol.27 , pp. 366-372
    • Karaszewski, J.W.1    Reder, A.T.2    Maselli, R.3    Brown, M.4    Arnason, B.G.5
  • 52
    • 0025760372 scopus 로고
    • Increased lymphocyte beta-adrenergic receptor density in progressive multiple sclerosis is specific for the CD8+, CD28- suppressor cell
    • 1656847 1:STN:280:DyaK38%2FislGhtQ%3D%3D 10.1002/ana.410300109
    • Karaszewski JW, Reder AT, Anlar B, Kim WC, Arnason BG (1991) Increased lymphocyte beta-adrenergic receptor density in progressive multiple sclerosis is specific for the CD8+, CD28- suppressor cell. Ann Neurol 30:42-47
    • (1991) Ann Neurol , vol.30 , pp. 42-47
    • Karaszewski, J.W.1    Reder, A.T.2    Anlar, B.3    Kim, W.C.4    Arnason, B.G.5
  • 53
    • 0027406852 scopus 로고
    • Increased high affinity beta-adrenergic receptor densities and cyclic AMP responses of CD8 cells in multiple sclerosis
    • 8384633 1:CAS:528:DyaK3sXkvFaqsrY%3D 10.1016/0165-5728(93)90068-A
    • Karaszewski JW, Reder AT, Anlar B, Arnason GW (1993) Increased high affinity beta-adrenergic receptor densities and cyclic AMP responses of CD8 cells in multiple sclerosis. J Neuroimmunol 43:1-7
    • (1993) J Neuroimmunol , vol.43 , pp. 1-7
    • Karaszewski, J.W.1    Reder, A.T.2    Anlar, B.3    Arnason, G.W.4
  • 54
    • 0023832781 scopus 로고
    • Central catecholamine neurotoxin administration. 1. Immunological changes associated with the suppression of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis
    • 3126218 1:CAS:528:DyaL1cXitVejt78%3D 10.1016/0165-5728(88)90135-X
    • Karpus WJ, Konkol RJ, Killen JA (1988) Central catecholamine neurotoxin administration. 1. Immunological changes associated with the suppression of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis. J Neuroimmunol 18:61-73
    • (1988) J Neuroimmunol , vol.18 , pp. 61-73
    • Karpus, W.J.1    Konkol, R.J.2    Killen, J.A.3
  • 55
    • 74249086662 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Multiple sclerosis immunology: The healthy immune system vs the MS immune system
    • 20038759 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD1MXhs1ait7fN 10.1212/WNL.0b013e3181c97c8f
    • Kasper LH, Shoemaker J (2010) Multiple sclerosis immunology: The healthy immune system vs the MS immune system. Neurology 74(suppl 1):S2-S8
    • (2010) Neurology , vol.74 , Issue.SUPPL. 1
    • Kasper, L.H.1    Shoemaker, J.2
  • 57
    • 0036187060 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Multiple sclerosis
    • 11818475 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD38Xitl2mtrk%3D 10.1146/annurev.med.53.082901. 103909
    • Keegan BM, Noseworthy JH (2002) Multiple sclerosis. Annu Rev Med 53:285-302
    • (2002) Annu Rev Med , vol.53 , pp. 285-302
    • Keegan, B.M.1    Noseworthy, J.H.2
  • 59
    • 79958108785 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The mechanism of action of interferon-β in relapsing multiple sclerosis
    • 21649449 1:CAS:528:DC%2BC3MXps1Omtr4%3D 10.2165/11591110-000000000-00000
    • Kieseier BC (2011) The mechanism of action of interferon-β in relapsing multiple sclerosis. CNS Drugs 25:491-502
    • (2011) CNS Drugs , vol.25 , pp. 491-502
    • Kieseier, B.C.1
  • 60
    • 0028175411 scopus 로고
    • The beta 2-adrenergic agonist terbutaline suppresses experimental allergic neuritis in Lewis rats
    • 8182115 1:CAS:528:DyaK2cXlsVyrsr8%3D 10.1016/0165-5728(94)90079-5
    • Kim DH, Muthyala S, Soliven B, Wiegmann K, Wollmann R, Chelmicka-Schorr E (1994) The beta 2-adrenergic agonist terbutaline suppresses experimental allergic neuritis in Lewis rats. J Neuroimmunol 51:177-183
    • (1994) J Neuroimmunol , vol.51 , pp. 177-183
    • Kim, D.H.1    Muthyala, S.2    Soliven, B.3    Wiegmann, K.4    Wollmann, R.5    Chelmicka-Schorr, E.6
  • 61
    • 0025973243 scopus 로고
    • Hyperprolactinemia in multiple sclerosis
    • 1906932 1:STN:280:DyaK3MzhtFCrsA%3D%3D 10.1016/0022-510X(91)90094-N
    • Kira J, Harada M, Yamaguchi Y, Shida N, Goto I (1991) Hyperprolactinemia in multiple sclerosis. J Neurol Sci 102:61-66
    • (1991) J Neurol Sci , vol.102 , pp. 61-66
    • Kira, J.1    Harada, M.2    Yamaguchi, Y.3    Shida, N.4    Goto, I.5
  • 62
    • 0030593438 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Lymphocyte norepinephrine and epinephrine, but not plasma catecholamines predict lymphocyte cAMP production
    • Knudsen JH, Christensen NJ, Bratholm P (1996) Lymphocyte norepinephrine and epinephrine, but not plasma catecholamines predict lymphocyte cAMP production. Life Sci 59:639-647
    • (1996) Life Sci , vol.59 , pp. 639-647
    • Knudsen, J.H.1    Christensen, N.J.2    Bratholm, P.3
  • 63
    • 77950610036 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The changing demographic pattern of multiple sclerosis epidemiology
    • 20398859 10.1016/S1474-4422(10)70064-8
    • Koch-Henriksen N, Sørensen PS (2010) The changing demographic pattern of multiple sclerosis epidemiology. Lancet Neurol 9:520-532
    • (2010) Lancet Neurol , vol.9 , pp. 520-532
    • Koch-Henriksen, N.1    Sørensen, P.S.2
  • 64
    • 0025178541 scopus 로고
    • Suppression of clinical weakness in experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis associated with weight changes, and post-decapitation convulsions after intracisternal-ventricular administration of 6-hydroxydopamine
    • 1688441 1:CAS:528:DyaK3cXps1Oltg%3D%3D 10.1016/0165-5728(90)90116-5
    • Konkol RJ, Wesselmann U, Karpus WJ, Leo GL, Killen JA, Roerig DL (1990) Suppression of clinical weakness in experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis associated with weight changes, and post-decapitation convulsions after intracisternal-ventricular administration of 6-hydroxydopamine. J Neuroimmunol 26:25-34
    • (1990) J Neuroimmunol , vol.26 , pp. 25-34
    • Konkol, R.J.1    Wesselmann, U.2    Karpus, W.J.3    Leo, G.L.4    Killen, J.A.5    Roerig, D.L.6
  • 65
    • 34248597542 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The safety and efficacy of IFN-beta products for the treatment of multiple sclerosis
    • 17480177 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD2sXkvV2rt70%3D 10.1517/14740338.6.3.279
    • Kremenchutzky M, Morrow S, Rush C (2007) The safety and efficacy of IFN-beta products for the treatment of multiple sclerosis. Expert Opin Drug Saf 6:279-288
    • (2007) Expert Opin Drug Saf , vol.6 , pp. 279-288
    • Kremenchutzky, M.1    Morrow, S.2    Rush, C.3
  • 66
    • 1342345214 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The CD4-Th1 model for multiple sclerosis: A crucial re-appraisal
    • 15036040 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD2cXhsFWjtbc%3D 10.1016/j.it.2004.01.007
    • Lassmann H, Ransohoff RM (2004) The CD4-Th1 model for multiple sclerosis: a crucial re-appraisal. Trends Immunol 25:132-137
    • (2004) Trends Immunol , vol.25 , pp. 132-137
    • Lassmann, H.1    Ransohoff, R.M.2
  • 68
    • 84957018374 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Dopamine in the immune system: Dopamine receptors in immune cells, potent effects, endogenous production and involvement in immune and neuropsychiatric diseases
    • M. Levite (eds) Springer-Verlag Wien 10.1007/978-3-7091-0888-8-1 2012
    • Levite M (2012) Dopamine in the immune system: dopamine receptors in immune cells, potent effects, endogenous production and involvement in immune and neuropsychiatric diseases. In: Levite M (ed) Nerve-driven-immunity - Neurotransmitters and neuropeptides in the immune system. Springer-Verlag, Wien, pp 1-45, 2012
    • (2012) Nerve-driven-immunity - Neurotransmitters and Neuropeptides in the Immune System , pp. 1-45
    • Levite, M.1
  • 69
    • 0035668526 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Dopamine interacts directly with its D3 and D2 receptors on normal human T cells, and activates β-integrin function
    • 11745370 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD38XhslKltw%3D%3D 10.1002/1521-4141(200112)31: 12<3504: AID-IMMU3504>3.0.CO;2-F
    • Levite M, Chowers Y, Ganor Y, Besser M, Hershkovits R, Cahalon L (2001) Dopamine interacts directly with its D3 and D2 receptors on normal human T cells, and activates β-integrin function. Eur J Immunol 31:3504-3512
    • (2001) Eur J Immunol , vol.31 , pp. 3504-3512
    • Levite, M.1    Chowers, Y.2    Ganor, Y.3    Besser, M.4    Hershkovits, R.5    Cahalon, L.6
  • 70
    • 0033525162 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Impaired apoptosis in mitogen stimulated lymphocytes of patients with multiple sclerosis
    • 10203342 1:STN:280:DyaK1M3hvVSjtw%3D%3D 10.1097/00001756-199902050-00034
    • Macchi B, Matteucci C, Nocentini U, Caltagirone C, Mastino A (1999) Impaired apoptosis in mitogen stimulated lymphocytes of patients with multiple sclerosis. NeuroReport 10:399-402
    • (1999) NeuroReport , vol.10 , pp. 399-402
    • MacChi, B.1    Matteucci, C.2    Nocentini, U.3    Caltagirone, C.4    Mastino, A.5
  • 71
    • 0036008283 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Potential of beta2-adrenoceptor agonists as add-on therapy for multiple sclerosis: Focus on salbutamol (albuterol)
    • 11772115 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD38XitVCnt7g%3D 10.2165/00023210-200216010-00001
    • Makhlouf K, Weiner HL, Khoury SJ (2002) Potential of beta2-adrenoceptor agonists as add-on therapy for multiple sclerosis: focus on salbutamol (albuterol). CNS Drugs 16:1-8
    • (2002) CNS Drugs , vol.16 , pp. 1-8
    • Makhlouf, K.1    Weiner, H.L.2    Khoury, S.J.3
  • 73
    • 84879234482 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Adrenergic modulation of immune cells: An update
    • Dec 8. [Epub ahead of print] PMID: 22160285
    • Marino F, Cosentino M (2011) Adrenergic modulation of immune cells: an update. Amino Acids. 2011 Dec 8. [Epub ahead of print] PMID: 22160285
    • (2011) Amino Acids. 2011
    • Marino, F.1    Cosentino, M.2
  • 74
    • 0033015543 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Endogenous catecholamine synthesis, metabolism storage, and uptake in human peripheral blood mononuclear cells
    • 10089911 1:CAS:528:DyaK1MXivVyht7o%3D 10.1016/S0301-472X(98)00057-5
    • Marino F, Cosentino M, Bombelli R, Ferrari M, Lecchini S, Frigo G (1999) Endogenous catecholamine synthesis, metabolism storage, and uptake in human peripheral blood mononuclear cells. Exp Hematol 27:489-495
    • (1999) Exp Hematol , vol.27 , pp. 489-495
    • Marino, F.1    Cosentino, M.2    Bombelli, R.3    Ferrari, M.4    Lecchini, S.5    Frigo, G.6
  • 75
    • 0026342078 scopus 로고
    • Platelet monoamine oxidase and plasma dopamine-beta-hydroxylase activities in patients with multiple sclerosis
    • 1792858 1:STN:280:DyaK387ntVaruw%3D%3D 10.1111/j.1600-0404.1991.tb05008.x
    • Markianos M, Sfagos C, Bistolaki E (1991) Platelet monoamine oxidase and plasma dopamine-beta-hydroxylase activities in patients with multiple sclerosis. Acta Neurol Scand 84:531-533
    • (1991) Acta Neurol Scand , vol.84 , pp. 531-533
    • Markianos, M.1    Sfagos, C.2    Bistolaki, E.3
  • 76
    • 34250159112 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Interferon-beta: Mechanism of action and dosing issues
    • 17562848 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD2sXmt1Skt7c%3D 10.1212/01.wnl.0000277703.74115. d2
    • Markowitz CE (2007) Interferon-beta: mechanism of action and dosing issues. Neurology 68:S8-S11
    • (2007) Neurology , vol.68
    • Markowitz, C.E.1
  • 77
    • 0034912622 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Upregulation of lymphocyte apoptosis as a strategy for preventing and treating autoimmune disorders: A role for whole-food vegan diets, fish oil and dopamine agonists
    • 11461185 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD3MXmtVymtLk%3D 10.1054/mehy.2000.1318
    • McCarty MF (2001) Upregulation of lymphocyte apoptosis as a strategy for preventing and treating autoimmune disorders: a role for whole-food vegan diets, fish oil and dopamine agonists. Med Hypotheses 57:258-275
    • (2001) Med Hypotheses , vol.57 , pp. 258-275
    • McCarty, M.F.1
  • 79
    • 84863186122 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Treatment of relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis: Current approaches and unmet needs
    • 22398662 1:CAS:528:DC%2BC38XmtlGlsrY%3D 10.1097/01.wco.0000413319.87092. 19
    • Miller AE, Rhoades RW (2012) Treatment of relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis: current approaches and unmet needs. Curr Opin Neurol 25:S4-S10
    • (2012) Curr Opin Neurol , vol.25
    • Miller, A.E.1    Rhoades, R.W.2
  • 80
    • 79952814810 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Human FoxP3 + CD4+ regulatory T cells: Their knowns and unknowns
    • 21301480 1:CAS:528:DC%2BC3MXjsVGitLY%3D 10.1038/icb.2010.137
    • Miyara M, Sakaguchi S (2011) Human FoxP3 + CD4+ regulatory T cells: their knowns and unknowns. Immunol Cell Biol 89:346-351
    • (2011) Immunol Cell Biol , vol.89 , pp. 346-351
    • Miyara, M.1    Sakaguchi, S.2
  • 81
    • 0023032785 scopus 로고
    • Vesicular storage of 3,4-dihydroxyphenylethylamine and noradrenaline in terminal sympathetic nerves of dog spleen and kidney
    • 3020174 1:CAS:528:DyaL28XmtF2msrg%3D 10.1111/j.1471-4159.1986.tb00767.x
    • Muller BD, Bell C (1986) Vesicular storage of 3,4- dihydroxyphenylethylamine and noradrenaline in terminal sympathetic nerves of dog spleen and kidney. J Neurochem 47:1370-1375
    • (1986) J Neurochem , vol.47 , pp. 1370-1375
    • Muller, B.D.1    Bell, C.2
  • 82
    • 0029797351 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Catecholamine content and in vitro catecholamine synthesis in peripheral human lymphocytes
    • 8855800 1:CAS:528:DyaK28XmtlCmt7s%3D 10.1210/jc.81.10.3553
    • Musso NR, Brenci S, Setti M, Indiveri F, Lotti G (1996) Catecholamine content and in vitro catecholamine synthesis in peripheral human lymphocytes. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 81:3553-3557
    • (1996) J Clin Endocrinol Metab , vol.81 , pp. 3553-3557
    • Musso, N.R.1    Brenci, S.2    Setti, M.3    Indiveri, F.4    Lotti, G.5
  • 83
    • 46049086356 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Antagonizing dopamine D1-like receptor inhibits Th17 cell differentiation: Preventive and therapeutic effects on experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis
    • 18558081 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD1cXotlajs78%3D 10.1016/j.bbrc.2008.06.012
    • Nakano K, Higashi T, Hashimoto K, Takagi R, Tanaka Y, Matsushita S (2008) Antagonizing dopamine D1-like receptor inhibits Th17 cell differentiation: preventive and therapeutic effects on experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 373:286-291
    • (2008) Biochem Biophys Res Commun , vol.373 , pp. 286-291
    • Nakano, K.1    Higashi, T.2    Hashimoto, K.3    Takagi, R.4    Tanaka, Y.5    Matsushita, S.6
  • 84
    • 79953185365 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Dopamine induces IL-6-dependent IL-17 production via D1-like receptor on CD4 naive T cells and D1-like receptor antagonist SCH-23390 inhibits cartilage destruction in a human rheumatoid arthritis/SCID mouse chimera model
    • 21307293 1:CAS:528:DC%2BC3MXivVSjtr4%3D 10.4049/jimmunol.1002475
    • Nakano K, Yamaoka K, Hanami K, Saito K, Sasaguri Y, Yanagihara N, Tanaka S, Katsuki I, Matsushita S, Tanaka Y (2011) Dopamine induces IL-6-dependent IL-17 production via D1-like receptor on CD4 naive T cells and D1-like receptor antagonist SCH-23390 inhibits cartilage destruction in a human rheumatoid arthritis/SCID mouse chimera model. J Immunol 186:3745-3752
    • (2011) J Immunol , vol.186 , pp. 3745-3752
    • Nakano, K.1    Yamaoka, K.2    Hanami, K.3    Saito, K.4    Sasaguri, Y.5    Yanagihara, N.6    Tanaka, S.7    Katsuki, I.8    Matsushita, S.9    Tanaka, Y.10
  • 85
    • 34347258134 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Autonomic innervation and regulation of the immune system (1987-2007)
    • 17467231 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD2sXnsFymsbs%3D 10.1016/j.bbi.2007.03.008
    • Nance DM, Sanders VM (2007) Autonomic innervation and regulation of the immune system (1987-2007). Brain Behav Immun 21:736-745
    • (2007) Brain Behav Immun , vol.21 , pp. 736-745
    • Nance, D.M.1    Sanders, V.M.2
  • 86
    • 0344987883 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Immunomodulation in multiple sclerosis: From immunosuppression to neuroprotection
    • 12628358 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD3sXhs1Wqs70%3D 10.1016/S0165-6147(03)00028-2
    • Neuhaus O, Archelos JJ, Hartung HP (2003) Immunomodulation in multiple sclerosis: from immunosuppression to neuroprotection. Trends Pharmacol Sci 24:131-138
    • (2003) Trends Pharmacol Sci , vol.24 , pp. 131-138
    • Neuhaus, O.1    Archelos, J.J.2    Hartung, H.P.3
  • 88
    • 84859724482 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Multiple sclerosis
    • 22466660 1:CAS:528:DC%2BC38Xlt1egtL8%3D 10.1172/JCI58649
    • Nylander A, Hafler DA (2012) Multiple sclerosis. J Clin Invest 122:1180-1188
    • (2012) J Clin Invest , vol.122 , pp. 1180-1188
    • Nylander, A.1    Hafler, D.A.2
  • 89
    • 34548483876 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Hyperprolactinemia and autoimmune diseases
    • 17854745 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD2sXht1ylsb7L 10.1016/j.autrev.2006.10.005
    • Orbach H, Shoenfeld Y (2007) Hyperprolactinemia and autoimmune diseases. Autoimmun Rev 6:537-542
    • (2007) Autoimmun Rev , vol.6 , pp. 537-542
    • Orbach, H.1    Shoenfeld, Y.2
  • 90
    • 71749084607 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Role of dopamine in the physiology of T-cells and dendritic cells
    • 19732962 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD1MXhsVajs73M 10.1016/j.jneuroim.2009.07.018
    • Pacheco R, Prado CE, Barrientos MJ, Bernales S (2009) Role of dopamine in the physiology of T-cells and dendritic cells. J Neuroimmunol 216:8-19
    • (2009) J Neuroimmunol , vol.216 , pp. 8-19
    • Pacheco, R.1    Prado, C.E.2    Barrientos, M.J.3    Bernales, S.4
  • 91
    • 0032495663 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Genetically determined failure of activation induced apoptosis of autoreactive T cells as a cause of multiple sclerosis
    • 9734959 1:CAS:528:DyaK1cXis1eqtLs%3D
    • Pender MP (1998) Genetically determined failure of activation induced apoptosis of autoreactive T cells as a cause of multiple sclerosis. Lancet 351:978-981
    • (1998) Lancet , vol.351 , pp. 978-981
    • Pender, M.P.1
  • 94
    • 0036198826 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Catecholamine levels in peripheral blood lymphocytes from multiple sclerosis patients
    • 11958826 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD38XhslWjur4%3D 10.1016/S0165-5728(02)00002-4
    • Rajda C, Bencsik K, Vécsei LL, Bergquist J (2002) Catecholamine levels in peripheral blood lymphocytes from multiple sclerosis patients. J Neuroimmunol 124:93-100
    • (2002) J Neuroimmunol , vol.124 , pp. 93-100
    • Rajda, C.1    Bencsik, K.2    Vécsei, L.L.3    Bergquist, J.4
  • 96
    • 0025809044 scopus 로고
    • The role of prolactin in autoimmune demyelination: Suppression of experimental allergic encephalomyelitis by bromocriptine
    • 1859183 1:CAS:528:DyaK3MXlsFWjsLg%3D 10.1002/ana.410290514
    • Riskind PN, Massacesi L, Doolittle TH, Hauser SL (1991) The role of prolactin in autoimmune demyelination: suppression of experimental allergic encephalomyelitis by bromocriptine. Ann Neurol 29:542-547
    • (1991) Ann Neurol , vol.29 , pp. 542-547
    • Riskind, P.N.1    Massacesi, L.2    Doolittle, T.H.3    Hauser, S.L.4
  • 97
    • 79955675946 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Beta-interferon for multiple sclerosis
    • 21396360 1:CAS:528:DC%2BC3MXlvVyjt7c%3D 10.1016/j.yexcr.2011.03.002
    • Rudick RA, Goelz SE (2011) Beta-interferon for multiple sclerosis. Exp Cell Res 317:1301-1311
    • (2011) Exp Cell Res , vol.317 , pp. 1301-1311
    • Rudick, R.A.1    Goelz, S.E.2
  • 98
    • 0035009864 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Circulating dopamine level, in lung carcinoma patients, inhibits proliferation and cytotoxicity of CD4+ and CD8+ T cells by D1 dopamine receptors: An in vitro analysis
    • 11460316 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD3MXltFagsrs%3D 10.1016/S1567-5769(01)00068-6
    • Saha B, Mondal AC, Basu S, Dasgupta PS (2001) Circulating dopamine level, in lung carcinoma patients, inhibits proliferation and cytotoxicity of CD4+ and CD8+ T cells by D1 dopamine receptors: an in vitro analysis. Int Immunopharmacol 1:1363-1374
    • (2001) Int Immunopharmacol , vol.1 , pp. 1363-1374
    • Saha, B.1    Mondal, A.C.2    Basu, S.3    Dasgupta, P.S.4
  • 99
    • 77954141914 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • FOXP3+ regulatory T cells in the human immune system
    • 20559327 1:CAS:528:DC%2BC3cXnsFKitLY%3D 10.1038/nri2785
    • Sakaguchi S, Miyara M, Costantino CM, Hafler DA (2010) FOXP3+ regulatory T cells in the human immune system. Nat Rev Immunol 10:490-500
    • (2010) Nat Rev Immunol , vol.10 , pp. 490-500
    • Sakaguchi, S.1    Miyara, M.2    Costantino, C.M.3    Hafler, D.A.4
  • 100
    • 77951880839 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The immunoregulatory role of dopamine: An update
    • 19896530 1:CAS:528:DC%2BC3cXkvFKlsrg%3D 10.1016/j.bbi.2009.10.015
    • Sarkar C, Basu B, Chakroborty D, Dasgupta PS, Basu S (2010) The immunoregulatory role of dopamine: an update. Brain Behav Immun 24:525-528
    • (2010) Brain Behav Immun , vol.24 , pp. 525-528
    • Sarkar, C.1    Basu, B.2    Chakroborty, D.3    Dasgupta, P.S.4    Basu, S.5
  • 101
    • 77954364428 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The natural history of multiple sclerosis: A geographically based study 10: Relapses and long-term disability
    • 20534650 10.1093/brain/awq118
    • Scalfari A, Neuhaus A, Degenhardt A, Rice GP, Muraro PA, Daumer M, Ebers GC (2010) The natural history of multiple sclerosis: a geographically based study 10: relapses and long-term disability. Brain 133:1914-1929
    • (2010) Brain , vol.133 , pp. 1914-1929
    • Scalfari, A.1    Neuhaus, A.2    Degenhardt, A.3    Rice, G.P.4    Muraro, P.A.5    Daumer, M.6    Ebers, G.C.7
  • 103
    • 0035159473 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • IFN-gamma production by Th1 cells generated from naive CD4+ T cells exposed to norepinephrine
    • 11123297 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD3MXis1aqsg%3D%3D
    • Swanson MA, Lee WT, Sanders VM (2001) IFN-gamma production by Th1 cells generated from naive CD4+ T cells exposed to norepinephrine. J Immunol 166:232-240
    • (2001) J Immunol , vol.166 , pp. 232-240
    • Swanson, M.A.1    Lee, W.T.2    Sanders, V.M.3
  • 104
    • 38749143286 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Interleukin-17 production in central nervous system-infiltrating T cells and glial cells is associated with active disease in multiple sclerosis
    • 18156204 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD1cXhslOmur0%3D 10.2353/ajpath.2008.070690
    • Tzartos JS, Friese MA, Craner MJ, Palace J, Newcombe J, Esiri MM, Fugger L (2008) Interleukin-17 production in central nervous system-infiltrating T cells and glial cells is associated with active disease in multiple sclerosis. Am J Pathol 172:146-155
    • (2008) Am J Pathol , vol.172 , pp. 146-155
    • Tzartos, J.S.1    Friese, M.A.2    Craner, M.J.3    Palace, J.4    Newcombe, J.5    Esiri, M.M.6    Fugger, L.7
  • 105
    • 76249094369 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Disturbed regulatory T cell homeostasis in multiple sclerosis
    • 20159585 1:CAS:528:DC%2BC3cXitVKgsbk%3D 10.1016/j.molmed.2009.12.003
    • Venken K, Hellings N, Liblau R, Stinissen P (2010) Disturbed regulatory T cell homeostasis in multiple sclerosis. Trends Mol Med 16:58-68
    • (2010) Trends Mol Med , vol.16 , pp. 58-68
    • Venken, K.1    Hellings, N.2    Liblau, R.3    Stinissen, P.4
  • 106
    • 84860883725 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Sex-related factors in multiple sclerosis susceptibility and progression
    • 22450508 1:CAS:528:DC%2BC38Xms1yku78%3D 10.1038/nrneurol.2012.43
    • Voskuhl RR, Gold SM (2012) Sex-related factors in multiple sclerosis susceptibility and progression. Nat Rev Neurol 8:255-263
    • (2012) Nat Rev Neurol , vol.8 , pp. 255-263
    • Voskuhl, R.R.1    Gold, S.M.2
  • 107
    • 0023323846 scopus 로고
    • Altered splenic catecholamine concentrations during experimental allergic encephalomyelitis
    • 3110796 1:CAS:528:DyaL2sXktVWguro%3D 10.1016/0091-3057(87)90621-6
    • Wesselmann U, Konkol RJ, Leo GL, Roerig DL, Harder DR (1987) Altered splenic catecholamine concentrations during experimental allergic encephalomyelitis. Pharmacol Biochem Behav 26:851-854
    • (1987) Pharmacol Biochem Behav , vol.26 , pp. 851-854
    • Wesselmann, U.1    Konkol, R.J.2    Leo, G.L.3    Roerig, D.L.4    Harder, D.R.5
  • 108
    • 0020626598 scopus 로고
    • Norepinephrine depletion in the spinal cord gray matter of rats with experimental allergic encephalomyelitis
    • 6602207 1:CAS:528:DyaL3sXkt1Slsr0%3D 10.1111/j.1471-4159.1983.tb08156.x
    • White SR, Bhatnagar RK, Bardo MT (1983) Norepinephrine depletion in the spinal cord gray matter of rats with experimental allergic encephalomyelitis. J Neurochem 40:1771-1773
    • (1983) J Neurochem , vol.40 , pp. 1771-1773
    • White, S.R.1    Bhatnagar, R.K.2    Bardo, M.T.3
  • 109
    • 0028983525 scopus 로고
    • Beta-adrenergic agonists suppress chronic/relapsing experimental allergic encephalomyelitis (CREAE) in Lewis rats
    • 7860715 1:CAS:528:DyaK2MXjvF2gurg%3D 10.1016/0165-5728(94)00153-F
    • Wiegmann K, Muthyala S, Kim DH, Arnason BG, Chelmicka-Schorr E (1995) Beta-adrenergic agonists suppress chronic/relapsing experimental allergic encephalomyelitis (CREAE) in Lewis rats. J Neuroimmunol 56:201-206
    • (1995) J Neuroimmunol , vol.56 , pp. 201-206
    • Wiegmann, K.1    Muthyala, S.2    Kim, D.H.3    Arnason, B.G.4    Chelmicka-Schorr, E.5
  • 110
    • 74249109341 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The interplay between the immune and central nervous systems in neuronal injury
    • 20038767 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD1MXhs1ait7fO 10.1212/WNL.0b013e3181c97d04
    • Yong VW, Marks S (2010) The interplay between the immune and central nervous systems in neuronal injury. Neurology 74:S9-S16
    • (2010) Neurology , vol.74
    • Yong, V.W.1    Marks, S.2
  • 111
    • 56349094317 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Therapy with interferon-beta modulates endogenous catecholamines in lymphocytes of patients with multiple sclerosis
    • 18824168 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD1cXhsVWht7zL 10.1016/j.expneurol.2008.08.015
    • Zaffaroni M, Marino F, Bombelli R, Rasini E, Monti M, Ferrari M, Ghezzi A, Comi G, Lecchini S, Cosentino M (2008) Therapy with interferon-beta modulates endogenous catecholamines in lymphocytes of patients with multiple sclerosis. Exp Neurol 214:315-321
    • (2008) Exp Neurol , vol.214 , pp. 315-321
    • Zaffaroni, M.1    Marino, F.2    Bombelli, R.3    Rasini, E.4    Monti, M.5    Ferrari, M.6    Ghezzi, A.7    Comi, G.8    Lecchini, S.9    Cosentino, M.10
  • 112
    • 0034725454 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • [3 H]dihydroalprenolol binding to beta adrenergic receptors in multiple sclerosis brain
    • 10899413 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD3cXkvFSns7g%3D 10.1016/S0304-3940(00)01254-4
    • Zeinstra E, Wilczak N, De Keyser J (2000) [3 H]dihydroalprenolol binding to beta adrenergic receptors in multiple sclerosis brain. Neurosci Lett 289:75-77
    • (2000) Neurosci Lett , vol.289 , pp. 75-77
    • Zeinstra, E.1    Wilczak, N.2    De Keyser, J.3
  • 113
    • 0026728944 scopus 로고
    • Beta-Adrenergic receptor density and function of peripheral blood mononuclear cells are increased in multiple sclerosis: A regulatory role for cortisol and interleukin-1
    • 1325138 1:CAS:528:DyaK38Xlt12htr4%3D 10.1002/ana.410310614
    • Zoukos Y, Leonard JP, Thomaides T, Thompson AJ, Cuzner ML (1992) Beta-Adrenergic receptor density and function of peripheral blood mononuclear cells are increased in multiple sclerosis: a regulatory role for cortisol and interleukin-1. Ann Neurol 31:657-662
    • (1992) Ann Neurol , vol.31 , pp. 657-662
    • Zoukos, Y.1    Leonard, J.P.2    Thomaides, T.3    Thompson, A.J.4    Cuzner, M.L.5
  • 114
    • 0028228282 scopus 로고
    • Increased expression of high affinity IL-2 receptors and beta-adrenoceptors on peripheral blood mononuclear cells is associated with clinical and MRI activity in multiple sclerosis
    • 8186957 10.1093/brain/117.2.307
    • Zoukos Y, Kidd D, Woodroofe MN, Kendall BE, Thompson AJ, Cuzner ML (1994) Increased expression of high affinity IL-2 receptors and beta-adrenoceptors on peripheral blood mononuclear cells is associated with clinical and MRI activity in multiple sclerosis. Brain 117(Pt 2):307-315
    • (1994) Brain , vol.117 , Issue.PART 2 , pp. 307-315
    • Zoukos, Y.1    Kidd, D.2    Woodroofe, M.N.3    Kendall, B.E.4    Thompson, A.J.5    Cuzner, M.L.6
  • 115
    • 0037289749 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Expression of beta2 adrenoreceptors on peripheral blood mononuclear cells in patients with primary and secondary progressive multiple sclerosis: A longitudinal six month study
    • 12531948 1:STN:280:DC%2BD3s%2FlslSrug%3D%3D 10.1136/jnnp.74.2.197
    • Zoukos Y, Thomaides TN, Kidd D, Cuzner ML, Thompson A (2003) Expression of beta2 adrenoreceptors on peripheral blood mononuclear cells in patients with primary and secondary progressive multiple sclerosis: a longitudinal six month study. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 74:197-202
    • (2003) J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry , vol.74 , pp. 197-202
    • Zoukos, Y.1    Thomaides, T.N.2    Kidd, D.3    Cuzner, M.L.4    Thompson, A.5
  • 116
    • 48949116961 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The role of regulatory T cells in multiple sclerosis
    • 18578001 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD1cXotFemsr8%3D 10.1038/ncpneuro0832
    • Zozulya AL, Wiendl H (2008) The role of regulatory T cells in multiple sclerosis. Nat Clin Pract Neurol 4:384-398
    • (2008) Nat Clin Pract Neurol , vol.4 , pp. 384-398
    • Zozulya, A.L.1    Wiendl, H.2


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.