An update of consensus guidelines for warfarin reversal

Medical Journal of Australia

Volumn 198, Issue 4, 2013, Pages 198-199

  Tran, Huyen A ^a,b   Chunilal, Sanjeev D ^b   Harper, Paul L ^c   Tran, Huy ^d   Wood, Erica M ^b,e,f   Gallus, Alex S ^g,h  

^a ALFRED HOSPITAL   (Australia)

^b MONASH MEDICAL CENTRE   (Australia)

^c PALMERSTON NORTH HOSPITAL   (New Zealand)

^d Precision Haematology   (Australia)

^e ROYAL MELBOURNE HOSPITAL   (Australia)

^f MONASH UNIVERSITY   (Australia)

^g FLINDERS MEDICAL CENTRE   (Australia)

^h FLINDERS UNIVERSITY   (Australia)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

FRESH FROZEN PLASMA; HEPARIN; LOW MOLECULAR WEIGHT HEPARIN; PROTHROMBIN COMPLEX; VITAMIN K GROUP; WARFARIN;

ANTICOAGULANT THERAPY; AORTA VALVE REPLACEMENT; ARTICLE; BLEEDING; BLOOD CLOTTING DISORDER; CONSENSUS DEVELOPMENT; CONTINUOUS INFUSION; DRUG HALF LIFE; DRUG INDICATION; DRUG SAFETY; EMERGENCY CARE; HEART ATRIUM FIBRILLATION; HUMAN; INTERNATIONAL NORMALIZED RATIO; INVASIVE PROCEDURE; LONG TERM CARE; LOW DRUG DOSE; MITRAL VALVE REPLACEMENT; POSTOPERATIVE CARE; PREOPERATIVE TREATMENT; PRIMARY PREVENTION; RISK ASSESSMENT; RISK REDUCTION; SECONDARY PREVENTION; THROMBOEMBOLISM; THROMBOSIS PREVENTION; VENOUS THROMBOEMBOLISM;

EID: 84874619053     PISSN: 0025729X     EISSN: 13265377     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.5694/mja12.10614     Document Type: Article

References (43)

1. Linkins LA, Choi PT, Douketis JD. Clinical impact of bleeding in patients taking oral anticoagulant therapy for venous thromboembolism: a meta-analysis. Ann Intern Med 2003; 139: 893-900.
2. Kearon C, Akl EA, Comerota AJ, et al. Antithrombotic therapy for VTE disease: antithrombotic therapy and prevention of thrombosis, 9th ed: American College of Chest Physicians Evidence-Based Clinical Practice Guidelines. Chest 2012;141 (2 Suppl): e419S-e494S.
3. Gallus AS, Baker RI, Chong BH, et al. Consensus guidelines for warfarin therapy. Recommendations from the Australasian Society of Thrombosis and Haemostasis. Med J Aust 2000; 172: 600-605.
4. Schulman S, Beyth RJ, Kearon C, Levine MN. Hemorrhagic complications of anticoagulant and thrombolytic treatment: American College of Chest Physicians Evidence-Based Clinical Practice Guidelines (8th Edition). Chest 2008; 133 (6 Suppl): 257S-298S.
5. Whitlock RP, Sun JC, Fremes SE, et al. Antithrombotic and thrombolytic therapy for valvular disease: antithrombotic therapy and prevention of thrombosis, 9th ed: American College of Chest Physicians Evidence-Based Clinical Practice Guidelines. Chest 141 (2 Suppl): e576S-600S.
6. Connolly SJ, Ezekowitz MD, Yusuf S, et al; RE-LY Steering Committee and Investigators. Dabigatran versus warfarin in patients with atrial fibrillation. N Engl J Med 2009; 361: 1139-1151.
7. Granger CB, Alexander JH, McMurray JJ, et al; ARISTOTLE Committees and Investigators. Apixaban versus warfarin in patients with atrial fibrillation. N Engl J Med 2011; 365: 981-992.
8. Patel MR, Mahaffey KW, Garg J, et al; ROCKET AF Investigators. Rivaroxaban versus warfarin in nonvalvular atrial fibrillation. N Engl J Med 2011; 365: 883-891.
9. Eerenberg ES, Kamphuisen PW, Sijpkens MK, et al. Reversal of rivaroxaban and dabigatran by prothrombin complex concentrate: a randomized, placebocontrolled, crossover study in healthy subjects. Circulation 2011; 124: 1573-1579.
10. Eikelboom JW, Wallentin L, Connolly SJ, et al. Risk of bleeding with 2 doses of dabigatran compared with warfarin in older and younger patients with atrial fibrillation: an analysis of the randomized evaluation of long-term anticoagulant therapy (RE-LY) trial. Circulation 2011; 123: 2363-2372.
11. Baker RI, Coughlin PB, Gallus AS, et al. Warfarin Reversal Consensus Group. Warfarin reversal: consensus guidelines, on behalf of the Australasian Society of Thrombosis and Haemostasis. Med J Aust 2004; 181: 492-497.
12. Guyatt GH, Norris SL, Schulman S, et al. Methodology for the development of antithrombotic therapy and prevention of thrombosis guidelines: antithrombotic therapy and prevention of thrombosis, 9th ed: American College of Chest Physicians Evidence-Based Clinical Practice Guidelines. Chest 2012; 141 (2 Suppl): 53S-70S.
13. Palareti G, Leali N, Coccheri S, et al. Bleeding complications of oral anticoagulant treatment: an inception-cohort, prospective collaborative study (ISCOAT). Italian Study on Complications of Oral Anticoagulant Therapy. Lancet 1996; 348: 423-428.
14. A randomized trial of anticoagulants versus aspirin after cerebral ischemia of presumed arterial origin. The Stroke Prevention in Reversible Ischemia Trial (SPIRIT) Study Group. Ann Neurol 1997; 42: 857-865.
15. White RH, Beyth RJ, Zhou H, Romano PS. Major bleeding after hospitalization for deep-venous thrombosis. Am J Med 1999; 107: 414-424.
16. van der Meer FJ, Rosendaal FR, Vandenbroucke JP, Briët E. Bleeding complications in oral anticoagulant therapy. An analysis of risk factors. Arch Intern Med 1993; 153: 1557-1562.
17. Landefeld CS, Beyth RJ. Anticoagulant-related bleeding: clinical epidemiology, prediction, and prevention. Am J Med 1993; 95: 315-328.
18. Camm AJ, Kirchhof P, Lip GY, et al. Guidelines for the management of atrial fibrillation: the Task Force for the Management of Atrial Fibrillation of the European Society of Cardiology (ESC). Eur Heart J 2010; 31: 2369-2429.
19. Harrison L, Johnston M, Massicotte MP, et al. Comparison of 5-mg and 10-mg loading doses in initiation of warfarin therapy. Ann Intern Med 1997; 126: 133-136.
20. Crowther MA, Ginsberg JB, Kearon C, et al. A randomized trial comparing 5-mg and 10-mg warfarin loading doses. Arch Intern Med 1999; 159: 46-48.
21. Kovacs MJ, Rodger M, Anderson DR, et al. Comparison of 10-mg and 5-mg warfarin initiation nomograms together with low-molecular-weight heparin for outpatient treatment of acute venous thromboembolism. A randomized, double-blind, controlled trial. Ann Intern Med 2003; 138: 714-719.
22. Holbrook A, Schulman S, Witt DM, et al. Evidence-based management of anticoagulant therapy: antithrombotic therapy and prevention of thrombosis, 9th ed: American College of Chest Physicians Evidence-Based Clinical Practice Guidelines. Chest 2012; 141 (2 Suppl): e152S-184S.
23. Watson HG, Baglin T, Laidlaw SL, et al. A comparison of the efficacy and rate of response to oral and intravenous vitamin K in reversal of over-anticoagulation with warfarin. Br J Haematol 2001; 115: 145-149.
24. Soedirman JR, De Bruijn EA, Maes RA, et al. Pharmacokinetics and tolerance of intravenous and intramuscular phylloquinone (vitamin K1) mixed micelles formulation. Br J Clin Pharmacol 1996; 41: 517-523.
25. Dezee KJ, Shimeall WT, Douglas KM, et al. Treatment of excessive anticoagulation with phytonadione (vitamin K): a meta-analysis. Arch Intern Med 2006; 166: 391-397.
26. Fiore LD, Scola MA, Cantillon CE, Brophy MT. Anaphylactoid reactions to vitamin K. J Thromb Thrombolysis 2001; 11: 175-183.
27. CSL Bioplasma. Prothrombinex-VF product information. Melbourne: CSL Limited, 2011.
28. Australian Red Cross Blood Service. Blood component information: circular of information 2012. http://www.transfusion.com.au/sites/default/files/BCI%20290512%20FIN.pdf (accessed Dec 2012).
29. New Zealand Blood. Frozen plama components. Blood component datasheet: plasma fresh frozen leucocyte depleted. 2010. http://www.nzblood.co.nz/Clinical-information/Transfusion-medicine/Health-professionals-medicinedatasheets/Frozen-plasma-components (accessed Dec 2012).
30. Tran H, Collecutt M, Whitehead S, Salem HH. Prothrombin complex concentrates used alone in urgent reversal of warfarin anticoagulation. Intern Med J 2011; 41: 337-343.
31. Chiu D, Grigg M, Levi E. Operating on patients with warfarin: simpler alternative approach [letter]. ANZ J Surg 2009; 79: 409-410.
32. Crawford JH, Augustson BM. Prothrombinex use for the reversal of warfarin: is fresh frozen plasma needed [letter]? Med J Aust 2006; 184: 365-366.
33. Imberti D, Barillari G, Biasioli C, et al. Emergency reversal of anticoagulation with a three-factor prothrombin complex concentrate in patients with intracranial haemorrhage. Blood Transfus 2011; 9: 148-155.
34. Keeling D, Baglin T, Tait C, et al; British Committee for Standards in Haematology. Guidelines on oral anticoagulation with warfarin-fourth edition. Br J Haematol 2011; 154: 311-324.
35. Ansell J, Hirsh J, Hylek E, et al. Pharmacology and management of the vitamin K antagonists: American College of Chest Physicians Evidence-Based Clinical Practice Guidelines (8th Edition). Chest 2008; 133 (6 Suppl): 160S-198S.
36. Crowther MA, Ageno W, Garcia D, et al. Oral vitamin K versus placebo to correct excessive anticoagulation in patients receiving warfarin: a randomized trial. Ann Intern Med 2009; 150: 293-300.
37. Crowther MA, Garcia D, Ageno W, et al. Oral vitamin K effectively treats international normalised ratio (INR) values in excess of 10. Results of a prospective cohort study. Thromb Haemost 2010; 104: 118-121.
38. Douketis JD. Perioperative management of patients who are receiving warfarin therapy: an evidence-based and practical approach. Blood 2011; 117: 5044-5049.
39. Spyropoulos AC, Turpie AG, Dunn AS, et al; REGIMEN Investigators. Clinical outcomes with unfractionated heparin or low-molecular-weight heparin as bridging therapy in patients on long-term oral anticoagulants: the REGIMEN registry. J Thromb Haemost 2006; 4: 1246-1252.
40. Dunn AS, Spyropoulos AC, Turpie AG. Bridging therapy in patients on long-term oral anticoagulants who require surgery: the Prospective Peri-operative Enoxaparin Cohort Trial (PROSPECT). J Thromb Haemost 2007; 5: 2211-2218.
41. Douketis JD, Berger PB, Dunn AS, et al. The perioperative management of antithrombotic therapy: American College of Chest Physicians Evidence-Based Clinical Practice Guidelines (8th Edition). Chest 2008; 133 (6 Suppl): 299S-339S.
42. Burbury KL, Milner A, Snooks B, et al. Short-term warfarin reversal for elective surgery--using low-dose intravenous vitamin K: safe, reliable and convenient*. Br J Haematol 2011; 154: 626-634.
43. Kovacs MJ, Kearon C, Rodger M, et al. Single-arm study of bridging therapy with low-molecular-weight heparin for patients at risk of arterial embolism who require temporary interruption of warfarin. Circulation 2004; 110: 1658-1663.