A Systematic Review of the Relationship between Blood Loss and Clinical Signs

PLoS ONE

Volumn 8, Issue 3, 2013, Pages

  Pacagnella, Rodolfo Carvalho ^a   Souza, João Paulo ^b   Durocher, Jill ^c   Perel, Pablo ^d   Blum, Jennifer ^c   Winikoff, Beverly ^c   Gülmezoglu, Ahmet Metin ^b  

^a FEDERAL UNIVERSITY OF SÃO CARLOS   (Brazil)

^b WORLD HEALTH ORGANIZATION   (Switzerland)

^c GYNUITY HEALTH PROJECTS   (United States)

^d LONDON SCHOOL OF HYGIENE AND TROPICAL MEDICINE   (United Kingdom)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

DIAGNOSTIC ACCURACY; DISEASE ASSOCIATION; FEMALE; HEART RATE; HUMAN; MAJOR CLINICAL STUDY; MORTALITY; POSTPARTUM HEMORRHAGE; PREDICTION; PREGNANCY; RECEIVER OPERATING CHARACTERISTIC; REVIEW; SHOCK; SYMPTOMATOLOGY; SYSTEMATIC REVIEW; SYSTOLIC BLOOD PRESSURE;

FEMALE; HEMORRHAGE; HUMANS; POSTPARTUM HEMORRHAGE; PREGNANCY; VITAL SIGNS;

EID: 84874610475     PISSN: None     EISSN: 19326203     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0057594     Document Type: Review

References (56)

1. Khan KS, Wojdyla D, Say L, Gülmezoglu AM, Van Look PFA, (2006) WHO analysis of causes of maternal death: a systematic review. Lancet 367: 1066-1074.
2. Ganatra BR, Coyaji KJ, Rao VN, (1998) Too far, too little, too late: a community-based case-control study of maternal mortality in rural west Maharashtra, India. Bulletin of the World Health Organization 76: 591-598.
3. Maine D (1991) Safe Motherhood Programs: Options and Issues. New York: Center for Population and Family Health, Columbia University.
4. World Health Organization (1990) The Prevention and Management of Postpartum Haemorrhage. Report of a Technical Working Group, Geneva, 3-6 July, 1989. Geneva.
5. Schorn MN, (2010) Measurement of blood loss: review of the literature. Journal of midwifery & women's health 55: 20-27.
6. Stafford I, Dildy GA, Clark SL, Belfort MA, (2008) Visually estimated and calculated blood loss in vaginal and cesarean delivery. American journal of obstetrics and gynecology 199: 519.e1-7.
7. Quiñones JN, Uxer JB, Gogle J, Scorza WE, Smulian JC, (2010) Clinical evaluation during postpartum hemorrhage. Clinical obstetrics and gynecology 53: 157-164.
8. Coker A, Oliver R (2006) Definitions and classifications. In: B-Lynch C, Keith LG, Lalonde AB, Karoshi M, editors. A Textbook of Postpartum Hemorrhage. Duncow, UK: Sapiens Publishing. 11-16.
9. Mousa HA, Alfirevic Z (2007) Treatment for primary postpartum haemorrhage. Cochrane database of systematic reviews (Online): CD003249. Available: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17253486. Accessed 14 December 2011.
10. Baskett PJ, (1990) ABC of major trauma. Management of hypovolaemic shock. BMJ (Clinical research ed) 300: 1453-1457.
11. Bonnar J, (2000) Massive obstetric haemorrhage. Best Practice & Research Clinical Obstetrics & Gynaecology 14: 1-18.
12. Moher D, Liberati A, Tetzlaff J, Altman DG, (2009) Preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analyses: the PRISMA statement. PLoS medicine 6: e1000097.
13. von Elm E, Altman DG, Egger M, Pocock SJ, Gøtzsche PC, et al. (2007) The Strengthening the Reporting of Observational Studies in Epidemiology (STROBE) statement: guidelines for reporting observational studies. Bulletin of the World Health Organization 85: 867-872.
14. Ueland K, (1976) Maternal cardiovascular dynamics. VII. Intrapartum blood volume changes. American journal of obstetrics and gynecology 126: 671-677.
15. Pritchard JA, (1965) Changes in the blood volume during pregnancy and delivery. Anesthesiology 26: 393.
16. World Health Organization (2008) Worldwide prevalence of anaemia 1993-2005: WHO global database on anaemia. Geneva: World Health Organization.
17. Lee AI, Okam MM (2011) Anemia in pregnancy. Hematology/oncology clinics of North America 25: 241-59, vii.
18. Robson SC, Dunlop W, Boys RJ, Hunter S, (1987) Cardiac output during labour. British medical journal (Clinical research ed) 295: 1169-1172.
19. Guly HR, Bouamra O, Spiers M, Dark P, Coats T, et al. (2011) Vital signs and estimated blood loss in patients with major trauma: testing the validity of the ATLS classification of hypovolaemic shock. Resuscitation 82: 556-559.
20. American College of Surgeons Trauma Committee (2008) Advanced trauma life support for doctors. 8th ed. Chicago: American College of Surgeons.
21. Victorino GP, Battistella FD, Wisner DH, (2003) Does tachycardia correlate with hypotension after trauma? Journal of the American College of Surgeons 196: 679-684.
22. Brasel KJ, Guse C, Gentilello LM, Nirula R, (2007) Heart rate: is it truly a vital sign? The Journal of trauma 62: 812-817.
23. Eastridge BJ, Salinas J, McManus JG, Blackburn L, Bugler EM, et al. (2007) Hypotension begins at 110 mm Hg: redefining "hypotension" with data. The Journal of trauma 63: 291-7; discussion 297-9.
24. Mcgee S, Abernethy III WB, Simel DL, (1999) Is This Patient Hypovolemic? JAMA. 281: 1022-1029.
25. Edwards M, Ley E, Mirocha J, Hadjibashi AA, Margulies DR, et al. (2010) Defining hypotension in moderate to severely injured trauma patients: raising the bar for the elderly. The American surgeon 76: 1035-1038.
26. Guly HR, Bouamra O, Little R, Dark P, Coats T, et al. (2010) Testing the validity of the ATLS classification of hypovolaemic shock. Resuscitation 81: 1142-1147.
27. Hick JL, Rodgerson JD, Heegaard WG, Sterner S, (2001) Vital signs fail to correlate with hemoperitoneum from ruptured ectopic pregnancy. The American journal of emergency medicine 19: 488-491.
28. Robson SC, Boys RJ, Hunter S, Dunlop W, (1989) Maternal hemodynamics after normal delivery and delivery complicated by postpartum hemorrhage. Obstetrics and gynecology 74: 234-239.
29. Benedetti T (2002) Obstetric haemorrhage. In: Gabbe S, Niebyl J, Simpson J, editors. A Pocket Companion to Obstetrics. New York: Churchill Livingstone. 217-248.
30. Vandromme MJ, Griffin RL, Kerby JD, McGwin G, Rue LW, et al. (2011) Identifying risk for massive transfusion in the relatively normotensive patient: utility of the prehospital shock index. The Journal of trauma 70: 384-8; discussion 388-90.
31. Birkhahn R, Gaeta T, Terry D, Bove J, Tloczkowski J, (2005) Shock index in diagnosing early acute hypovolemia. The American Journal of Emergency Medicine 23: 323-326.
32. Cannon CM, Braxton CC, Kling-Smith M, Mahnken JD, Carlton E, et al. (2009) Utility of the shock index in predicting mortality in traumatically injured patients. The Journal of trauma 67: 1426-1430.
33. Birkhahn RH, Gaeta TJ, Bei R, Bove JJ, (2002) Shock index in the first trimester of pregnancy and its relationship to ruptured ectopic pregnancy. Academic emergency medicine: official journal of the Society for Academic Emergency Medicine 9: 115-119.
34. Birkhahn RH, Gaeta TJ, Van Deusen SK, Tloczkowski J, (2003) The ability of traditional vital signs and shock index to identify ruptured ectopic pregnancy. American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology 189: 1293-1296.
35. Jaramillo S, Barnhart K, Takacs P, (2011) Use of the shock index to predict ruptured ectopic pregnancies. International journal of gynaecology and obstetrics: the official organ of the International Federation of Gynaecology and Obstetrics 112: 68.
36. Baron BJ, Sinert R, Zehtabchi S, Stavile KL, Scalea TM, (2004) Diagnostic Utility of Sublingual Pco2 for Detecting Hemorrhage in Penetrating Trauma Patients. The Journal of Trauma: Injury, Infection, and Critical Care 57: 69-74.
37. Scalea TM, Hartnett RW, Duncan AO, Atweh NA, Phillips TF, et al. (1990) Central venous oxygen saturation: a useful clinical tool in trauma patients. The Journal of trauma 30: 1539-1543.
38. Bruns B, Lindsey M, Rowe K, Brown S, Minei JP, et al. (2007) Hemoglobin drops within minutes of injuries and predicts need for an intervention to stop hemorrhage. The Journal of trauma 63: 312-315.
39. Bruns B, Gentilello L, Elliott A, Shafi S, (2008) Prehospital hypotension redefined. The Journal of trauma 65: 1217-1221.
40. Cancio LC, Wade CE, West SA, Holcomb JB (2008) Prediction of mortality and of the need for massive transfusion in casualties arriving at combat support hospitals in Iraq. The Journal of trauma 64: S51-5; discussion S55-6.
41. Chen L, Reisner AT, McKenna TM, Gribok A, Reifman J, (2007) Diagnosis of hemorrhage in a prehospital trauma population using linear and nonlinear multiparameter analysis of vital signs. Conference proceedings: Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society Conference 2007: 3748-3751.
42. Chen L, Gribok A, Reisner AT, Reifman J, (2008) Exploiting the existence of temporal heart-rate patterns for the detection of trauma-induced hemorrhage. Conference proceedings: Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society Conference 2008: 2865-2868.
43. Edelman DA, White MT, Tyburski JG, Wilson RF, (2007) Post-traumatic hypotension: should systolic blood pressure of 90-109 mmHg be included? Shock (Augusta, Ga) 27: 134-138.
44. Hagiwara A, Kimura A, Kato H, Mizushima Y, Matsuoka T, et al. (2010) Hemodynamic reactions in patients with hemorrhagic shock from blunt trauma after initial fluid therapy. The Journal of trauma 69: 1161-1168.
45. Luna GK, Eddy AC, Copass M, (1989) The sensitivity of vital signs in identifying major thoracoabdominal hemorrhage. American journal of surgery 157: 512-515.
46. McLaughlin DF, Niles SE, Salinas J, Perkins JG, Cox ED, et al. (2008) A predictive model for massive transfusion in combat casualty patients. The Journal of trauma 64: S57-63; discussion S63.
47. Opreanu RC, Arrangoiz R, Stevens P, Morrison CA, Mosher BD, et al. (2010) Hematocrit, systolic blood pressure and heart rate are not accurate predictors for surgery to control hemorrhage in injured patients. The American surgeon 76: 296-301.
48. Parks JK, Elliott AC, Gentilello LM, Shafi S, (2006) Systemic hypotension is a late marker of shock after trauma: a validation study of Advanced Trauma Life Support principles in a large national sample. American journal of surgery 192: 727-731.
49. Vandromme MJ, Griffin RL, Weinberg JA, Rue LW, Kerby JD (2010) Lactate is a better predictor than systolic blood pressure for determining blood requirement and mortality: could prehospital measures improve trauma triage? Journal of the American College of Surgeons 210: 861-867, 867-869.
50. Vandromme MJ, Griffin RL, McGwin G, Weinberg JA, Rue LW, et al. (2011) Prospective identification of patients at risk for massive transfusion: an imprecise endeavor. The American surgeon 77: 155-161.
51. Zarzaur BL, Croce MA, Fischer PE, Magnotti LJ, Fabian TC, (2008) New vitals after injury: shock index for the young and age x shock index for the old. The Journal of surgical research 147: 229-236.
52. Convertino VA, Cooke WH, Holcomb JB, (2006) Arterial pulse pressure and its association with reduced stroke volume during progressive central hypovolemia. The Journal of trauma 61: 629-634.
53. Convertino VA, Rickards CA, Lurie KG, Ryan KL, (2009) Hyperventilation in response to progressive reduction in central blood volume to near syncope. Aviation, space, and environmental medicine 80: 1012-1017.
54. Rickards CA, Ryan KL, Cooke WH, Romero SA, Convertino VA, (2008) Combat stress or hemorrhage? Evidence for a decision-assist algorithm for remote triage. Aviation, space, and environmental medicine 79: 670-676.
55. Secher NH, Sander Jensen K, Werner C, Warberg J, Bie P, (1984) Bradycardia during severe but reversible hypovolemic shock in man. Circulatory shock 14: 267-274.
56. Ward KR, Tiba MH, Ryan KL, Filho IPT, Rickards CA, et al. (2010) Oxygen transport characterization of a human model of progressive hemorrhage. Resuscitation 81: 987-993.