Debating Same-Sex Marriage

Debating Same-Sex Marriage

Volumn , Issue , 2012, Pages 1-294

  Corvino, John ^a   Gallagher, Maggie ^b  

^a WAYNE STATE UNIVERSITY   (United States)

^b National Organization for Marriage   (United States)

Author keywords

Bigotry; Family; Polygamy; Procreation; Same sex marriage; Sex

Indexed keywords

EID: 84874602805     PISSN: None     EISSN: None     Source Type: Book    
DOI: 10.1093/acprof:osobl/9780199756322.001.0001     Document Type: Book

References (191)

1. Abma, J. et al. "Fertility, Family Planning, and Women's Health: New Data from the 1995 National Survey of Family Growth." Vital Health Statistics 23, no. 19 (1997): 1-111.
2. Allen, Douglas W. "Let's Slow Down: Comments on Same-Sex Marriage and Negative Externalities: Comment," posted December 10, 2010. Social Science Research Network, at .
3. Allen, Douglas W.. "Who Should Be Allowed into the Marriage Franchise?" 58 Drake Law Review 1043 (2010).
4. American Psychological Association. "Answers to Your Questions: For a Better Understanding of Sexual Orientation & Homosexuality" (Washington, D.C. American Psychological Association 2008) at .
5. Andersson, Gunnar et al. "Divorce-Risk Patterns in Same-Sex 'Marriages' in Norway and Sweden." Paper presented at the 2004 Annual Meeting of the Population Association of America, April 3, 2004, at .
6. Aquinas, St. Thomas. Summa Contra Gentiles Book 3 (Providence), Part II translated by Vernon J. Bourke. Notre Dame, IN: University of Notre Dame Press 1975.
7. "Audio: Emmer Discusses Hamline Controversy on Local FOX Radio." NOM Blog, December 21, 2011, at .
8. Avila, Daniel. "Same-Sex Adoption in Massachusetts, the Catholic Church, and the Good of the Children: The Story Behind the Controversy and the Case for Conscientious Refusals." 27 Children's Legal Rights Journal 1 (2007).
9. Balsam, Kimberly F., Beauchaine, Theodore P., Rothblum, Esther, and Solomon, Sondra E. "Three-Year Follow-Up of Same-Sex Couples Who Had Civil Unions in Vermont, Same-Sex Couples Not in Civil Unions, and Heterosexual Married Couples." 44 Developmental Psychology 102 (2008).
10. Barfield, Thomas, ed. The Dictionary of Anthropology. Oxford: Blackwell Publishing, 1997.
11. Belluck, Pam. "Gay Couples Find Marriage Is a Mixed Bag." New York Times, June 15, 2008, at .
12. Beyerstein, Lindsay. "If You Oppose Marriage Equality, You Are a Bigot." Big Think, May 4, 2010, at .
13. "Beyond Same-Sex Marriage: A New Strategic Vision for All Our Families and Relationships," Beyond Marriage.org, July 26, 2006, at .
14. Biblarz, Timothy J., and Stacey, Judith. "How Does the Gender of Parents Matter?" 72 Journal of Marriage and Family 3 (2010).
15. Blankenhorn, David. "Defining Marriage Down is No Way to Save It." Weekly Standard, April 2, 2007, at
16. Blankenhorn, David. The Future of Marriage. New York: Encounter Books, 2007.
17. Blasband, David, and Letitia A. Peplau. "Sexual Exclusivity Versus Openness in Gay Male Couples." 15 Archives of Sexual Behavior 395 (October 1985).
18. Boorstein, Michelle. "Citing Same-Sex Marriage Bill, Washington Archdiocese Ends Foster-Care Program." Washington Post, February 17, 2010, at .
19. Borten, Laurence Drew. "Sex, Procreation, and the State Interest in Marriage." 102 Columbia Law Review 1089 (2002).
20. Boswell, John. The Kindness of Strangers: The Abandonment of Children in Western Europe from Late Antiquity to the Renaissance, New York: Pantheon Books, 1988.
21. Boswell, John. Same-Sex Unions in Pre-Modern Europe [also published as The Marriage of Likeness]. New York: Vintage, 1995.
22. Brachear, Manya A. "Rockford Catholic Charities Ending Foster Care." Chicago Tribune, May 26, 2011, at .
23. Brachear, Manya A. "State Probes Religious Foster Care Agencies Over Discrimination." Chicago Tribune, March 2, 2011, at .
24. Bridge, G. Michael. "Uniform Probate Code Section 2-202: A Proposal to Include Life Insurance Assets Within the Augmented Estate." 74 Cornell Law Review 511 (1989).
25. Brief of Amicus Curiae, National Organization for Marriage, Perry v. Schwarzenegger, No. 10-16696 (9th Cir. September 24, 2010) at .
26. Brown, Donald E. Human Universals. New York: McGraw-Hill 1991.
27. Brown, Susan L., and Kawamura, Sayaka. "Relationship Quality among Cohabitors and Marrieds in Older Adulthood." 39 Social Science Research 777 (2010).
28. Cahn, Naomi, and Carbone, June. Red Families v. Blue Families: Legal Polarization and the Creation of Culture. New York: Oxford University Press, 2010.
29. Campbell, Angela. How Have Policy Approaches to Polygamy Responded to Women's Experiences and Rights? An International, Comparative Analysis: Final Report for Status of Women Canada, May 31, 2005, at .
30. Card, Claudia. "Against Marriage." In John Corvino, ed., Same Sex: Debating the Ethics, Science, and Culture of Homosexuality. Lanham: Rowman & Littlefield, 1997, pp. 317-330.
31. Carpenter, Dale. "Blankenhorn and Rich." Family Scholars.org, June 16, 2010, at .
32. Center for Marriage. The Scholarly Consensus on Marriage. Fact Sheet No. 2. New York: Institute for American Values, 2006, at .
33. Cere, Daniel N. et al. The Future of Family Law. New York: Institute for American Values, 2005.
34. Claiborne, Craig. The New New York Times Cookbook. New York: Random House, 1995.
35. Comment, "Breaking News: Paul Clement Refuses to Bow Down Under HRC Pressure, Leaves Law Firm to Defend DOMA." NOM Blog, April 25, 2011, at .
36. Committee on Psychosocial Aspects of Child and Family Health. "Technical Report: Coparent or Second-Parent Adoption by Same-Sex Parents." Pediatrics, vol. 109 (February 2, 2002).
37. Confer, Jaime C., and Cloud, Mark D. "Sex Differences in Response to Imagining a Partner's Heterosexual or Homosexual Affair." 50 Personality and Individual Difference 129 (January 2011).
38. Coontz, Stephanie. Marriage: A History. New York: Viking, 2005.
39. Cooper, Leslie, and Cates, Paul. Too High A Price: The Case Against Restricting Gay Parenting. New York: American Civil Liberties Union Foundation, 2006, at .
40. Corbett, William R. "A Somewhat Modest Proposal to Prevent Adultery and Save Families: Two Old Torts Looking for a New Career." 33 Arizona Law Journal 987 (2001).
41. Corvino, John. "Why Shouldn't Tommy and Jim Have Sex: A Defense of Homosexuality." In John Corvino, ed., Same Sex: Debating the Ethics, Science, and Culture of Homosexuality. Lanham, Md: Rowman & Littlefield, 1997.
42. Corvino, John. "Homosexuality and the PIB Argument." Ethics, vol. 115 (April 2005): 501-534.
43. Corvino, John. "Homosexuality, Harm, and Moral Principles." In Laurence Thomas, ed., Contemporary Debates in Social Philosophy. Malden: Blackwell, 2007, pp. 79-93.
44. Corvino, John. What's Wrong with Homosexuality? New York: Oxford University Press, forthcoming, Fall 2012.
45. Cott, Nancy F. "Passionlessness." 4 Signs 222 (1978).
46. Davis, Kingsley. Contemporary Marriage: Comparative Perspectives on a Changing Institution. New York: Russell Sage Foundation, 1985.
47. DeMaris, Alfred. "Distal and Proximal Influences on the Risk of Extramarital Sex: A Prospective Study of Longer Duration Marriages." 46 Journal of Sex Research 597 (2009).
48. Denvir, Daniel. "David Boies on the Fight for Gay Marriage." Salon.com, June 27, 2010, at .
49. Department of Health and Human Services. Report to Congress on Out-of-Wedlock Childbearing, Hyattsville: Centers for Disease Control, September 1995, at .
50. "Dobson's Warning against Gay Marriage." April 2004, Christians for Truth website, at originally found at (nonworking link).
51. Douglas, Mary. How Institutions Think. New York: Syracuse University Press, 1986.
52. Douthat, Ross. "Why Monogamy Matters." New York Times, March 7, 2011, p. A21.
53. Duncan, William C. "The Tenth Anniversary of Dutch Same-Sex Marriage: How is Marriage Doing in the Netherlands?" iMAPP Research Brief, May 2011, at .
54. Eskridge, Jr., William N. The Case for Same Sex Marriage: From Sexual Liberty to Civilized Commitment. New York: Free Press, 1996.
55. Evans-Pritchard, Edward E. Kinship and Marriage among the Nuer. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1951.
56. "Excerpts of Santorum's AP Interview," taped April 7, 2003, published April 22, 2003, by the Associated Press, at
57. Finnis, John. "Law, Morality, and 'Sexual Orientation.'" In John Corvino, ed., Same Sex: Debating the Ethics, Science, and Culture of Homosexuality. Rowman & Littlefield: Lanham, Md.: 1997, pp. 31-43.
58. "For First Time, Majority of Americans Favor Legal Gay Marriage." Gallup.com May 20, 2011, at
59. Freedom to Marry. "Moving Marriage Forward: Building Majority Support for Marriage" New York: Freedom to Marry at .
60. Frisch, Morten, and Brønnum-Hansen, Henrik. "Mortality Among Men and Women in Same-Sex Marriage: A National Cohort Study of 8333 Danes." 99 American Journal of Public Health 133 (January 2009).
61. Fu, Haishan et al. "Contraceptive Failure Rates: New Estimates from the 1995 National Survey of Family Growth." 31 Family Planning Perspectives 55 (1999).
62. Gallagher, Maggie. Enemies of Eros. Chicago: Bonus Books 1989.
63. Gallagher, Maggie. "The Stakes." National Review Online, July 4, 2003, at .
64. Gallagher, Maggie. "What Marriage Is For: Children Need Mothers and Fathers." Weekly Standard, (August 4-11, 2003): 22-25.
65. Gallagher, Maggie. "Beyond Marriage: Maggie Gallagher Joins the Fray." Institute for Marriage and Public Policy website, August 2006 at
66. Gallagher, Maggie. "The Maine Vote for Marriage" .
67. Gallagher, Maggie. "(How) Will Gay Marriage Weaken Marriage as a Social Institution: A Reply to Andrew Koppelman." 2 University of St. Thomas Law Journal 33 (2004).
68. Gallagher, Maggie. "Banned in Boston." Weekly Standard, May 15, 2006.
69. Galloway, Jim, and Rankin, Bill. "King & Spalding to Withdraw from Defending DOMA; Clement Resigns." Atlanta Journal-Constitution, April 25, 2011, at .
70. Gartrell, Nanette, and Bos, Henry. "US National Longitudinal Lesbian Family Study: Psychological Adjustment of 17-Year-Old Adolescents." Pediatrics, June 17, 2003, at .
71. Garvey, John. "State Putting Church Out of Adoption Business." Boston Globe, March 14, 2006, p. A15.
72. Gates, Gary J. "Gay People Count, So Why Not Count Them Correctly?" Washington Post, April 8, 2011, at .
73. George, Robert P. In Defense of Natural Law. Oxford: Oxford University Press 1999.
74. George, Robert P. "What's Sex Got to Do with It? Marriage, Morality, and Rationality." In Robert P. George and Jean Bethke Elshtain, eds., The Meaning of Marriage: Family, State, Market and Morals. Dallas: Spence Publishing Company, 2006, p. 142.
75. George and Jean Bethke Elshtain. "Beyond Gay Marriage." First Things, August 2, 2006, at .
76. George and Jean Bethke Elshtain. "Same-Sex Marriage and Jon Rauch." First Things, August 10, 2006, at .
77. "Georgetown University Event: A Catholic Family Conversation." Catholics for Equality, December 8, 2011, at .
78. Grisez, Germain. The Way of the Lord Jesus. Vol. 2: Living a Christian Life. Quincy, Ill.: Franciscan Press, 1993.
79. Girgis, Sherif, George, Robert P., and Anderson, Ryan T. "What is Marriage?" 34 Harvard Journal of Law and Public Policy 245 (2010).
80. Gottman, John M. et al. "Correlates of Gay and Lesbian Couples' Relationship Satisfaction and Relationship Dissolution." 45 Journal of Homosexuality 23 (2003).
81. Gough, E. Kathleen. "The Nayars and the Definition of Marriage." 89 Journal of the Royal Anthropological Institute of Great Britain and Ireland 370 (January-June 1959).
82. Graff, E. J. "Retying the Knot." In Andrew Sullivan, ed., Same-Sex Marriage: Pro and Con: A Reader. 1st ed. New York: Vintage Books 1997, pp. 134-138
83. Graff, E. J. What Is Marriage For? The Strange Social History of Our Most Intimate Institution. Boston: Beacon 1999.
84. Hall, Julie H., and Fincham, Frank D. "Psychological Distress: Precursor or Consequence of Dating Infidelity." 35 Personality & Social Psychology Bulletin 143 (2009).
85. Halpern v. Attorney General, (2003), 225 D.L.R. (4th) 529 (Ont. C.A.).
86. Harry, Joseph. "The 'Marital' Liaisons of Gay Men." 28 The Family Coordinator 622 (October 1979).
87. Hart, Trevor A., and Schwartz, Danielle R. "Cognitive-Behavioral Erectile Dysfunction Treatment for Gay Men." 17 Cognitive and Behavior Practice 66 (February 2010).
88. Henshaw, Stanley K. "Unintended Pregnancies in the United States." 30 Family Planning Perspectives 24 (1998).
89. Higbee, Jonathan. "Judge Rules Catholic Charities Cannot Discriminate Against Gay Adoptive Parents." Instinct Magazine, August 19, 2011, at .
90. Hirschfeld, Jerome A. "Emergency Medical Services for Children in Rural and Frontier America: Diverse and Changing Environments." Pediatrics, vol. 96, no. 1 (July 1995): 179-184.
91. Hoff, Colleen C. et al. "Relationship Characteristics and Motivations Behind Agreements Among Gay Male Couples: Differences by Agreement Type and Couple Serostatus." 22 AIDS Care 827 (July 2010), at .
92. Hunter, James Davison. "To Change the World." 3 Trinity Forum Briefing, no. 2, 2002, at .
93. "Illinois Catholic Charities Adoption Battle: Charities' Attorney to Appeal Judge's Decision." Huffington Post, August 20, 2011, at .
94. James, Scott. "Many Successful Gay Marriages Share an Open Secret." New York Times, January 28, 2010, at .
95. John Paul II, Pope [Karol Wojtyla]. Love and Responsibility. San Francisco: Ignatius Press, 1981.
96. Jones, Michael. "Are Marriage Equality Opponents Bigots?" Change.org, May 5, 2010, at .
97. Kaiser, Charles. "For Gays, Cheers and Doubts About Marriage." CNN, June 26, 2011, at .
98. Kaminer, Wendy. "Gay Rights and Anti-Gay Liberties." The Atlantic, March 2010, at .
99. Kaufman, Moisés. "London Mosquitoes." In Standing on Ceremony: The Gay Marriage Plays pp. 99-111. (c) 2011 by Moisés Kaufman; cited with permission of the playwright.
100. King, Valerie. "Variations in the Consequences of Nonresident Father Involvement for Children's Well-Being." 56 Journal of Marriage & Family 963 (1994).
101. Klausli, Julia F., and Owen, Margaret Tresch. "Stable Maternal Cohabitation, Couple Relationship Quality, and Characteristics of the Home Environment in the Child's First Two Years." 23 Journal of Family Psychology 103 (February 2009).
102. Knight, Robert H. "How Domestic Partnerships and 'Gay Marriage' Threaten the Family." In John Corvino ed., Same Sex: Debating the Ethics, Science, and Culture of Homosexuality. Lanham, Md.: Rowman & Littlefield 1997, pp. 288-302.
103. Koppelman, Andrew. The Gay-Rights Question in Contemporary American Law. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 2002.
104. Kurtz, Stanley. "Beyond Gay Marriage: The Road to Polyamory." Weekly Standard, August 4, 2003, at .
105. Kurtz, Stanley. "Big Love: From the Set." National Review, March 13, 2006, at .
106. LaChapelle v. Mitten, 607 N.W.2d 151 (Minn. App. 2000).
107. Lamb, Kathleen A., Lee, Gary R., and DeMaris, Alfred. "Union Formation and Depression: Selection and Relationship Effects." 65 Journal of Marriage and Family 953 (November 2003).
108. Larson, Kandyce, Shirley A. Russ, James J. Crall, and Neal Halfon. "Influence of Multiple Social Risks on Children's Health." Pediatrics, vol. 121, no. 2 (February 2008): 337-344.
109. LaSala, Michael C. "Monogamy of the Heart: Extradyadic Sex and Gay Male Couples." 17 Journal of Gay and Lesbian Social Services 1 (2005).
110. Laumann, Edward O., Gagnon, John H., Michael, Robert T., and Michaels, Stuart. The Social Organization of Sexuality: Sexual Practices in the United States. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 2000.
111. Lawrence v. Texas, 539 U.S. 558 (2003).
112. Lee, Patrick, and George, Robert P. "What Sex Can Be: Self-Alienation, Illusion, or One-Flesh Union." American Journal of Jurisprudence 42 (1997).
113. Lefkowitz, Mary R., and Fant, Maureen B. Women's Life in Greece and Rome: A Source Book in Translation. 2nd ed., 1992, at .
114. Letter of Elizabeth Marquardt et al. to Arthur Brisbane, New York Times Public Editor, June 24, 2010, at .
115. "Long Term Relationships Just as Likely Among Gay Couples, Claims Psychiatrist." 28 Canadian Family Physician 1478 (September 1982), at .
116. Loving v. Virginia (1967) 388 U. S. 1.
117. "Maine's Anti-Gay Marriage Supporters Kindly Request You Stop Calling Them Bigots." Queerty, September 18, 2009, at .
118. Manning, Wendy D., and Smock, Pamela J. "New Families and Non-Resident Father-Child Visitation." 78 Social Forces 87, 89 (September 1999).
119. "Marriage and the Law: A Statement of Principles." Institute for American Values & Institute for Marriage and Public Policy, 2006, at .
120. Mayer, Susan E. "Revisiting an Old Question: How Much Does Parental Income Affect Child Outcomes?" Focus, vol. 27, no. 2 (Winter 2010): 21-26.
121. McGarvey, Bill. "Lesbian, Catholic and Celibate: Eve Tushnet Discusses Conversion, the Theology of Friendship and Her Argument against Gay Marriage." Busted Halo August 4, 2010 at .
122. McKay, Hollie. "Mark Ruffalo Slams the 'Old' and 'Bigoted' Views of Those Who Oppose Same Sex Marriage." Fox News, July 2, 2010, at .
123. McLanahan, Sara, and Gary Sandefur. Growing Up With a Single Parent: What Hurts, What Helps. Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press, 1994.
124. McLanahan, Sara et al. "Unwed Fathers and Fragile Families, Center for Research on Child Wellbeing." Working Paper #98-12, March 1998.
125. Meezan, William, and Rauch, Jonathan. "Gay Marriage, Same-Sex Parenting, and America's Children." 15 Future of Children 97 (2005).
126. Messner, Thomas M. "The Price of Prop 8." Heritage Foundation Backgrounder, no. 2328 (October 22, 2009), at .
127. "Michele Bachmann Calls Gay People 'Part of Satan.'" Lecture to the National Education Leadership Conference on November 6, 2004, at .
128. Mitchell, Jason W. "Examining the Role of Relationship Characteristics and Dynamics on Sexual Risk Behavior Among Gay Male Couples." PhD dissertation, Oregon State University, 2010, at .
129. Mohr, Richard. A More Perfect Union: Why Straight America Must Stand Up for Gay Rights. Boston: Beacon Press, 1994.
130. Moore, Kristin Anderson et al. "Marriage from a Child's Perspective: How Does Family Structure Affect Children and What Can We Do About It?" Child Trends Research Brief, Child Trends, June 2002, at .
131. Morales, Lymari. "U.S. Adults Estimate That 25% of Americans are Gay or Lesbian." Gallup, May 27, 2011, at .
132. Murray, Stephen O., and Will Roscoe, eds. Boy Wives and Female Husbands: Studies in African Homosexualities. New York: Palgrave 1998.
133. National Organization for Marriage, "The 2009 NOM Massachusetts Marriage Survey" at .
134. Nussbaum, Martha C. From Disgust to Humanity: Sexual Orientation and Constitutional Law. New York: Oxford University Press 2010.
135. Oppenheimer, Mark. "Married with Infidelities." New York Times, June 30, 2011, at .
136. "Our Opinion: Right Call in Catholic Charities Decision." State Journal-Register, August 21, 2011, at .
137. Paige, R. U. Proceedings of the American Psychological Association, Incorporated, for the legislative year 2004. Minutes of the meeting of the Council of Representatives, July 28 and 30, 2004. Retrieved at .
138. Parke, Mary. "Are Married Parents Really Better for Children? What Research Says About the Effects of Family Structure on Child Well-Being." Center for Law and Social Policy (CLASP) brief, May 2003.
139. Parker-Pope, Tara. "Kept from a Dying Partner's Bedside." New York Times, May 19, 2009, p. D5, at .
140. Pawleski, James, et al. "The Effects of Marriage, Civil Union, and Domestic Partnership Laws on the Health and Well-being of Children." Pediatrics, vol. 118, no. 1 (July 2006): 349-364.
141. Perry v. Schwarzenegger, 704 F. Supp. 2d 921 (N.D. Cal. 2010).
142. Poe v. Gerstein (5th Cir. 1975) 517 F.2d 787.
143. Popenoe, David. Life Without Father. New York: Free Press, 1996.
144. Press Release. "Missouri State Settles Lawsuit with Emily Brooker." November 8, 2006, at .
145. Prettyman, Kaitlin. "Peter Vidmar Steps Down as Chief of Mission for 2012 U.S. Olympic Team." Deseret News, May 7, 2011, at .
146. Ramirez, Oscar Modesto, and Brown, Jac. "Attachment Styles, Rules Regarding Sex, and Couple Satisfaction: A Study of Gay Couples." 31 Australian and New Zealand Journal of Family Therapy 202 (June 2010).
147. Rauch, Jonathan. "Who Needs Marriage?" In Bruce Bawer, ed., Beyond Queer: Challenging Gay Left Orthodoxy. New York: Free Press, 1996, pp. 296-313.
148. Rauch, Jonathan. Gay Marriage: Why It Is Good for Gays, Good for Straights, and Good For America. New York: Times Books, 2004.
149. Rauch, Jonathan. "Letter to the Editor." New York Times, June 15, 2010, at .
150. Regnerus, Mark, and Uecker, Jeremy. Premarital Sex in America. New York: Oxford University Press, 2011.
151. Reminiscences of Abraham Lincoln by distinguished men of his time / collected and edited by Allen Thorndike Rice (1853-1889). New York: Harper & Brothers Publishers, 1909, at .
152. Rich, Frank. "The Bigots' Last Hurrah." New York Times, April 18, 2009, at .
153. Rich, Frank. "Smoke the Bigots Out of the Closet." New York Times, February 6, 2010, at .
154. Rich, Frank. "A Heaven-Sent Rent Boy." New York Times, May 15, 2010, at .
155. Rich, Frank. "Two Weddings, A Divorce and 'Glee,'" New York Times, June 12, 2010, at .
156. Roscoe, Will. Changing Ones: Third and Fourth Genders in Native North America. New York: Palgrave, 1998.
157. Rothblum, Esther D., Balsam, Kimberly F. and Solomon, Sondra E. "Comparison of Same-Sex Couples Who Were Married in Massachusetts, Had Domestic Partnerships in California, or Had Civil Union in Vermont." 29 Journal of Family Issues 48 (2008).
158. Saad, Lydia. "Doctor-Assisted Suicide is Moral Issue Dividing Americans Most." Gallup, May 31, 2011, at .
159. "Same-Sex Marriage Debate from the University of St. Thomas." MPR News, October 19, 2011, at .
160. "Schulz, Craigen, Montague." Marriage Anti-Defamation Alliance, December 15, 2011, at .
161. Sirota, Theodore. "Adult Attachment Style Dimensions in Women Who Have Gay or Bisexual Fathers." 23 Archives of Psychiatric Nursing 289 (2009).
162. Skinner v. Oklahoma (1942) 316 U.S. 535.
163. Smith, Emily Esfahani. "Washington, Gay Marriage and the Catholic Church." Wall Street Journal, January. 9, 2010, at .
164. Sorensen, Elaine, and Zibman, Chava. "To What Extent Do Children Benefit from Child Support?" Washington, D.C.: The Urban Institute, January 2000.
165. Stacey, Judith. "Gay and Lesbian Families: Queer Like Us." In Mary Ann Mason, Arlene Skolnick and Stephen D. Sugarman, eds., All Our Families: New Policies for a New Century. New York: Oxford University Press, 1998, pp. 144-169.
166. Stewart, Monte N. "Judicial Redefinition of Marriage." 21 Canadian Journal of Family Law 11 (2004).
167. Stossel, John. "A Libertarian's View of Marriage." Fox News, August 31, 2011, at .
168. Strasser, Mark. Legally Wed: Same-Sex Marriage and the Constitution. Ithaca: Cornell University Press, 1997.
169. Sullivan, Andrew. "Introduction." In Andrew Sullivan, ed., Same-Sex Marriage: Pro and Con: A Reader. 1st ed. New York: Vintage Books, 1997.
170. "Texas Officer Suspended for Comment to Gay Couple." Associated Press, December 10, 2004, at .
171. Trussel, James, and Vaughn, Barbara. "Contraceptive Failure, Method-Related Discontinuation and Resumption of Use: Results from the 1995 National Survey of Family Growth." 31 Family Planning Perspectives 64, 71 (1999).
172. "TV Host Fired Over Sean Avery Debate." ESPN.com, May 13, 2011, at .
173. US Senate Subcommittee on the Constitution, Civil Rights and Property Rights . Hearings on The Defense of Marriage Act, 108th Cong. (Sept. 4, 2003). Written statement of Prof. Judith Stacey, PhD, Dept. of Sociology, N.Y.U.
174. Ventrella, Jeffery. "Square Circles?!! Restoring Rationality to the Same-Sex 'Marriage' Debate." Hastings Constitutional Law Quarterly vol. 32, (2005) p. 681.
175. "Video: British High Court Rules Christian Couple May Not Foster Kids." NOM Blog, February 28, 2011, at .
176. Volokh, Eugene. "Same-Sex Marriage and Slippery Slopes." 33 Hofstra Law Review 101 (2006).
177. Waite, Linda J., and Gallagher, Maggie. The Case for Marriage: Why Married People are Happier, Healthier, and Better-Off Financially. New York: Doubleday, 2000.
178. Wegner, Judith Romney. "The Status of Women in Jewish and Islamic Marriage and Divorce Law." 5 Harvard Women's Law Journal 1, (1982).
179. Whitehead, Barbara Dafoe. "Dan Quayle Was Right." The Atlantic, April 1993, at .
180. Whitehead, Barbara Dafoe, and Popenoe, David. "Who Wants to Marry a Soul Mate?" State of Our Unions 2001, National Marriage Project, June 2001, at .
181. Why Marriage Matters: 30 Conclusions from the Social Sciences. New York: Institute for American Values, 2011.
182. Why Marriage Matters: Twenty-Six Conclusions from the Social Sciences. 2nd ed. New York: Institute for American Values, 2005.
183. Wilson, Robin Fretwell, Laycock, Douglas, and Picarello, Anthony, eds. Same-Sex Marriage and Religious Liberty: Emerging Conflicts. Lanham: Rowman & Littlefield 2008.
184. Wolfson, Evan. "Enough Marriage to Share: A Response to Maggie Gallagher." In Lynn D. Wardle et al., eds., Marriage and Same-Sex Unions: A Debate. Westport: Praeger 2003, pp. 25-32.
185. Wardle et al. "Defending the Motion." Economist, January 5, 2011, at .
186. Wardle et al. "Marriage Equality: Losing Forward." Advocate, October 28, 2004, at .
187. Worth, Katie. "SF Same-Sex Couples Increasingly Going Without Kids." San Francisco Examiner, June 26, 2011, at .
188. Yip, Andrew K. T. "Gay Male Christian Couples and Sexual Exclusivity." 31 Sociology 289, (May 1997).
189. Yoshino, Kenji. "Too Good for Marriage." New York Times, July 14, 2006, at .
190. Yucel, Deniz, and Gassanov, Margaret A. "Exploring Actor and Partner Correlates of Sexual Satisfaction Among Married Couples." 39 Social Science Research 725 (September 2010).
191. Zick, Andreas, Kupper, Beate, and Hovermann, Andreas. "Intolerance, Prejudice and Discrimination: A European Report." Friedrich Ebert Stiftung Forum, Berlin, 2011, at .