Over-The-counter medicine abuse-a review of the literature

Journal of Substance Use

Volumn 18, Issue 2, 2013, Pages 82-107

  Cooper, Richard J ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF SHEFFIELD   (United Kingdom)

Author keywords

Abuse; Medicines; Over The counter

Indexed keywords

ANTIHISTAMINIC AGENT; BENZODIAZEPINE; CODEINE; DECONGESTIVE AGENT; DEXTROMETHORPHAN; LAXATIVE; NON PRESCRIPTION DRUG;

AWARENESS; DRUG ABUSE; GEOGRAPHICAL VARIATION (SPECIES); HUMAN; INTERNET; METHODOLOGY; PRIORITY JOURNAL; REVIEW; SOCIAL PROBLEM; STUDY DESIGN; SUPPORT GROUP;

EID: 84874584958     PISSN: 14659891     EISSN: 14759942     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.3109/14659891.2011.615002     Document Type: Review

References (73)

1. Abbott, F. V., & Fraser, M. I. (1998). Use and abuse of over-The-counter analgesic agents. Journal of Psychiatry & Neuroscience, 23(1), 13-34. (Pubitemid 28125323)
2. Agaba, E. I., Agaba, P. A., & Wigwe, C. M. (2004). Use and abuse of analgesics in Nigeria: A community survey. Nigerian Journal of Medicine, 13(4), 379-382.
3. Ajuoga, E., Sansgiry, S. S., Ngo, C., & Yeh, R. F. (2008). Use/misuse of over-The-counter medications and associated adverse drug events among HIV-infected patients. Research in Social & Administrative Pharmacy, 4(3), 292-301.
4. Akram, G. (2000). Over-The-counter medication: An emerging and neglected drug abuse? Journal of Substance Use, 5(2), 136-142.
5. Akram, G., & Roberts, K. (2003). Pharmacists' management of over-The-counter medication requests from methadone patients. Journal of Substance Use, 8(4), 215-222. (Pubitemid 38128988)
6. Albsoul-Younes, A., Wazaify, M., Yousef, A.-M., & Tahaineh, L. (2010). Abuse and misuse of prescription and nonprescription drugs sold in community pharmacies in Jordan. Substance Use & Misuse, 45(9), 1319-1329.
7. Almarsdóttir, A. B., & Grimsson, A. (2000). Over-The-counter codeine use in Iceland: The impact of increased access. Scandinavian Journal of Public Health, 28(4), 270-274.
8. American Psychiatric Association. (2000). Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders (4th ed.).Washington, DC: American Psychiatric Association
9. Banerji, S., & Anderson, I. (2001). Abuse of Coricidin HBP cough & cold tablets: Episodes recorded by a poison center. American Journal of Health-System Pharmacy, 58(19), 1811-1814. (Pubitemid 32924229)
10. Bell, K., & Salmon, A. (2009). Pain, physical dependence and pseudoaddiction: Redefining addiction for "nice" people? International Journal on Drug Policy, 20(2), 170-178.
11. Bessell, T. L., Anderson, J. N., Silagy, C. A., Sansom, L. N., & Hiller, J. E. (2003). Surfing, self-medicating and safety: Buying non-prescription and complementary medicines via the Internet. Quality & Safety in Health Care, 12(2), 88-92. (Pubitemid 36458144)
12. Bissell, P., Ward, P. R., & Noyce, P. R. (2001). The dependent consumer: Reflections on accounts of the risks of non-prescription medicines. Health, 5(1), 5-30. (Pubitemid 33680643)
13. Björnsdóttir, I., Almarsdóttir, A. B., & Traulsen, J. M. (2009). The lay public's explicit and implicit definitions of drugs. Research in Social & Administrative Pharmacy, 5(1), 40-50.
14. Bond, C. M., & Bradley, C. (1996). Over the counter drugs: The interface between the community pharmacist and patients. British Medical Journal, 312(7033), 758-760. (Pubitemid 26091241)
15. Bryant-Waugh, R., Turner, H., & East, P. (2005). Over-The-counter laxatives and eating disorders: A survey of pharmacists' and other retailers' views and practice. Pharmaceutical Journal, 275, 87-91. (Pubitemid 41052516)
16. Chetty, R., Baoku, Y., Mildner, R., Banerjee, A., Vallance, D., Haddon, A., & Labib, M. (2003). Severe hypokalaemia and weakness due to Nurofen misuse. Annals of Clinical Biochemistry, 40(Pt. 4), 422-423. (Pubitemid 36819564)
17. Dean, J., & Rud, F. (1984). The drug addict and the stigma of addiction. Substance Use & Misuse, 19(8), 859-869. (Pubitemid 15104319)
18. Dobbin, M., & Tobin, C. L. (2008). Over-The-counter ibuprofen/codeine analgesics: Misuse and harm. Melbourne, VIC: Drugs Policy and Services Branch Department of Human Services
19. Dutch, M. J. (2008). Nurofen plus misuse: An emerging cause of perforated gastric ulcer. Medical Journal of Australia, 188(1), 56-57.
20. Dyer, B. T., Martin, J. L., Mitchell, J. L., Sauven, N. C., & Gazzard, B. (2004). Hypokalaemia in ibuprofen and codeine phosphate abuse. International Journal of Clinical Practice, 58(11), 1061-1062. (Pubitemid 39642421)
21. Erickson, C. K., & Wilcox, R. E. (2006). Please, not "Addiction" in DSM-V. The American Journal of Psychiatry, 163(11), 2015-2016.
22. Ernest, D., Chia, M., & Corallo, C. E. (2010). Profound hypokalaemia due to Nurofen Plus and Red Bull misuse. Critical Care and Resuscitation, 12(2), 109-110.
23. Fleming, G. F., McElnay, J. C., & Hughes, C. M. (2004). Development of a community pharmacy-based model to identify and treat OTC drug abuse/misuse: A pilot study. Pharmacy World & Science, 26(5), 282-288. (Pubitemid 39287314)
24. Ford, C., & Good, B. (2007). Over the counter drugs can be highly addictive. British Medical Journal, 334(7600), 917-918. (Pubitemid 46808384)
25. Ford, J. A. (2009). Misuse of over-The-counter cough or cold medications among adolescents: Prevalence and correlates in a national sample. Journal of Adolescent Health: Official Publication of the Society for Adolescent Medicine, 44(5), 505-507.
26. Fox, N., Ward, K., & O'Rourke, A. (2005). The birth of the e-clinic. Continuity or transformation in the UK governance of pharmaceutical consumption? Social Science & Medicine, 61(7), 1474-1484.
27. Frei, M. Y., Nielsen, S., Dobbin, M., & Tobin, C. L. (2010). Serious morbidity associated with misuse of overthe-counter codeine-ibuprofen analgesics: A series of 27 cases. Medical Journal of Australia, 193(5), 294-296.
28. Goffman, E. (1990). Stigma: Notes on the management of spoiled identity. London: Penguin Group
29. Gonzales, R., Brecht, M.-L., Mooney, L., & Rawson, R. A. (2010). Prescription and over-The-counter drug treatment admissions to the California public treatment system. Journal of Substance Abuse Treatment, 40(3), 224-229.
30. Hughes, G. F., Bell, H. M., & McElnay, J. C. (1999a). General practitioners' awareness of the appropriate and inappropriate use of over-The-counter products. Pharmaceutical Journal, 263(7063), R29.
31. Hughes, G. F., McElnay, J. C., Hughes, C. M., & McKenna, P. (1999b). Abuse/misuse of non-prescription drugs. Pharmacy World & Science, 21(6), 251-255. (Pubitemid 30041075)
32. Hughes, J. R., Pillitteri, J. L., Callas, P. W., Callahan, R., & Kenny, M. (2004). Misuse of and dependence on over-The-counter nicotine gum in a volunteer sample. Nicotine & Tobacco Research: Official Journal of the Society for Research on Nicotine and Tobacco, 6(1), 79-84. (Pubitemid 38372477)
33. Hughes, L., Whittlesea, C., & Luscombe, D. (2002). Patients' knowledge and perceptions of the side-effects of OTC medication. Journal of Clinical Pharmacy Therapeutics, 27, 243-248. (Pubitemid 34989262)
34. Kanayama, G., Gruber, A. J., Pope, H. G., Borowiecki, J. J., & Hudson, J. I. (2001). Over-The-counter drug use in gymnasiums: An underrecognized substance abuse problem? Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, 70(3), 137-140. (Pubitemid 32429714)
35. Lambert, A. P., & Close, C. (2005). Life-threatening hypokalaemia from abuse of Nurofen Plus. Journal of the Royal Society of Medicine, 98(1), 21. (Pubitemid 40128674)
36. Lessenger, J. E., & Feinberg, S. D. (2008). Abuse of prescription and over-The-counter medications. Journal of the American Board of Family Medicine, 21(1), 45-54. (Pubitemid 351159670)
37. Levine, D. A. (2007). "Pharming": The abuse of prescription and over-The-counter drugs in teens. Current Opinion in Pediatrics, 19(3), 270-274. (Pubitemid 46788112)
38. MacFadyen, L., Eadie, D., & McGowan, T. (2001). Community pharmacists' experience of over-The-counter medicine misuse in Scotland. Journal of the Royal Society for the Promotion of Health, 121(3), 185-192. (Pubitemid 32952007)
39. Major, C., & Vincze, Z. (2010). Consumer habits and interests regarding non-prescription medications in Hungary. Family Practice, 27(3), 333-338.
40. Matheson, C., Bond, C. M., & Pitcairn, J. (2002). Misuse of over-The-counter medicines from community pharmacies: A population survey of Scottish pharmacies. Pharmaceutical Journal, 269(7206), 66-68.
41. Mattoo, S. K., Basu, D., Sharma, A., Balaji, M., & Malhotra, A. (1997). Abuse of codeine-containing cough syrups: A report from India. Addiction, 92(12), 1783-1787. (Pubitemid 28006046)
42. McBride, A. J., Pates, R., Ramadan, R., & McGowan, C. (2003). Delphi survey of experts' opinions on strategies used by community pharmacists to reduce over-The-counter drug misuse. Addiction, 98(4), 487-497. (Pubitemid 36458129)
43. McIntosh, J., & Mckeganey, N. (2000). Addicts' narratives of recovery from drug use: Constructing a non-addict identity. Social Science & Medicine, 50(10), 1501-1510.
44. Murao, S., Manabe, H., Yamashita, T., & Sekikawa, T. (2008). Intoxication with over-The-counter antitussive medication containing dihydrocodeine and chlorpheniramine causes generalized convulsion and mixed acidosis. Internal medicine (Tokyo, Japan), 47(11), 1013-1015.
45. Myers, B., Siegfried, N., & Parry, C. D. H. (2003). Over-The-counter and prescription medicine misuse in Cape Town -Findings from specialist treatment centres. South African Medical Journal, 93(5), 367-370. (Pubitemid 36701190)
46. Nettleton, S. (2006). The Sociology of health and illness (p. 352). Oxford: Polity
47. Nielsen, S., Cameron, J., & Pahoki, S. (2010). Over the counter codeine dependence final report 2010.
48. O'Brien, C. P., Volkow, N., & Li, T. K. (2006). What's in a word? Addiction versus dependence in DSM-V. American Journal of Psychiatry, 163(5), 764-765.
49. Orriols, L., Gaillard, J., Lapeyre-Mestre, M., & Roussin, A. (2009). Evaluation of abuse and dependence on drugs used for self-medication: A pharmacoepidemiological pilot study based on community pharmacies in France. Drug Safety, 32(10), 859-873.
50. Pates, R., McBride, A. J., Li, S., & Ramadan, R. (2002). Misuse of over-The-counter medicines: A survey of community pharmacies in the South Wales health authority. Pharmaceutical Journal, 268(7184), 179-182. (Pubitemid 34177095)
51. Paxton, R., & Chapple, P. (1996). Misuse of over-The-counter medicines: A survey in one English county. Pharmaceutical Journal, 256(6881), 313-315. (Pubitemid 126528659)
52. Peters, Jr., R., Yacoubian, Jr., G. S., Rhodes, W., Forsythe, K. J., Bowers, K. S., Eulian, V. M., Mangum, C. A., O'Neal, J. D., Martin, Q., & Essien, E. J. (2007). Beliefs and social norms about codeine and promethazine hydrochloride cough syrup (CPHCS) use and addiction among multi-ethnic college students. Journal of Psychoactive Drugs, 39(3), 277-282. (Pubitemid 350229181)
53. Phelan, M., & Akram, G. (2002). A community pharmacy-based survey of users of over-The-counter sleep aids. Pharmaceutical Journal, 269(7213), 287-290. (Pubitemid 34994095)
54. Raynor, D., Blenkinsopp, A., Knapp, P., Grime, J., Nicolson, D., Pollock, K., Dorer, G., Gilbody, S., Dickinson, D., Maule, A. J., & Spoor, P. (2007). A systematic review of quantitative and qualitative research on the role and effectiveness of written information available to patients about individual medicines. Health Technology Assessment, 11(5), 1-160.
55. Reay, G. (2009). An inquiry into physical dependence and addiction to prescription and over-The-counter medication. London: All-Party Parliamentary Drugs Misuse Group
56. Reed, K., Bond, A., Witton, J., Cornish, R., Hickman, M., & Strang, J. (2011). The changing use of prescribed benzodiazepines and z-drugs, & of over-The-counter codeine-containing products in England: A structured review of published English & international evidence & available data to inform consideration of the extent of dependence. London: The National Addiction Centre, Kings College London
57. Reith, G. (2004). Consumption and its discontents: Addiction, identity and the problems of freedom. British Journal of Sociology, 55(2), 283-300. (Pubitemid 38882824)
58. Robinson, G. M., Robinson, S., McCarthy, P., & Cameron, C. (2010). Misuse of over-The-counter codeinecontaining analgesics: Dependence and other adverse effects. New Zealand Medical Journal, 123(1317), 59-64.
59. Scottish Specialist in Pharmaceutical Public Health. (2004). Drugs misuse and community pharmacy: Issues for pharmaceutical care. Scotland: Scottish Specialist in Pharmaceutical Public Health
60. Sproule, B. A., Busto, U. E., Somer, G., Romach, M. K., & Sellers, E. M. (1999). Characteristics of dependent and nondependent regular users of codeine. Journal of Clinical Psychopharmacology, 19(4), 367-372. (Pubitemid 29344852)
61. Steinman, K. (2006). High school students' misuse of over-The-counter drugs: A population-based study in an urban county. Journal of Adolescent Health, 38(4), 445-447.
62. Substance Abuse andMental Health Services Administration, O. of A. S. (2004). The DASIS report. Characteristics of primary prescription and OTC treatment admissions: 2002.
63. Rockville, MD: Substance Abuse andMental Health Services Administration. Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration, O. of A. S. (2008). The NSDUH report: Misuse of over-The-counter cough and cold medications among persons aged 12 to 25.
64. Rockville, MD: Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration. Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration, O. of A. S. (2010). Drug abuse warning network, 2007: National estimates of drug-related emergency department visits. Rockville, MD: Substance Abuse andMental Health Services Administration
65. Sweileh, W. M., Arafat, R. T., Al-Khyat, L. S., Al-Masri, D.M., & Jaradat, N. A. (2004). A pilot study to investigate over-The-counter drug abuse and misuse in Palestine. Saudi Medical Journal, 25(12), 2029-2032. (Pubitemid 40253698)
66. Temple, D. (1996). A "harm reduction" model for community pharmacy. Chemist-and-Druggist, 245, 730-773.
67. Temple, D. (2003).Misuse of over the counter medicines in the UK. In J. Sheridan & J. Strang (Eds.), Drug misuse and community pharmacy (pp. 149-160). London: Taylor and Francis
68. Tinsley, J. A., & Watkins, D. D. (1998). Over-The-counter stimulants: Abuse and addiction. Mayo Clinic Proceedings, 73(10), 977-982. (Pubitemid 28467700)
69. Wazaify, M., Hughes, C. M., & McElnay, J. C. (2006). The implementation of a harm minimisation model for the identification and treatment of over-The-counter drug misuse and abuse in community pharmacies in Northern Ireland. Patient Education and Counseling, 64(1-3), 136-141. (Pubitemid 44772951)
70. Wazaify, M., Shields, E., Hughes, C. M., & McElnay, J. C. (2005). Societal perspectives on over-The-counter (OTC) medicines. Family Practice, 22(2), 170-171.
71. Williams, J. F., & Kokotailo, P. K. (2006). Abuse of proprietary (over-The-counter) drugs. Adolescent Medicine Clinics, 17(3), 733-750, Abstract xiii (Pubitemid 44499163)
72. World Health Organisation. (1964). 13th report on the WHO expert committee on addiction-producing drugs. Geneva: World Health Organisation
73. World Health Organisation. (1992). ICD-10: International statistical classification of diseases and related health problems (10th rev. ed.). Geneva: World Health Organisation.