Catalytic wastewater treatment using pillared clays

Pillared Clays and Related Catalysts

Volumn , Issue , 2010, Pages 167-200

  Perathoner, Siglinda ^a   Centi, Gabriele ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF MESSINA   (Italy)

Author keywords

Catalytic waste; Photocatalysis; Pillared clays

Indexed keywords

EID: 84874579181     PISSN: None     EISSN: None     Source Type: Book    
DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4419-6670-4_7     Document Type: Chapter

References (143)

1. Theron J, Walker JA, Cloete TE (2008) Nanotechnology and water treatment: applications and emerging opportunities. Crit Rev Microbiol 34:43-69
2. Busca G, Berardinelli S, Resini C, Arrighi L (2008) Technologies for the removal of phenol from fluid streams: a short review of recent developments. J Hazard Mater 160:265-288
3. Liotta LF, Gruttadauria M, Di Carlo G, Perrini G, Librando V (2009) Heterogeneous catalytic degradation of phenolic substrates: catalysts activity. J Hazard Mater 162:588-606
4. 2 in environmental engineering. Crit Rev Environ Sci Tech 38:197-226
5. Bhargava SK, Tardio J, Prasad J, Föger K, Akolekar DB, Grocott SC (2006) Wet oxidation and catalytic wet oxidation. Ind Eng Chem Res 45:1221-1258
6. Centi G, Perathoner S (2005) Use of solid catalysts in promoting water treatment and remediation technologies. In: Spivey JJ (ed) Catalysis, vol 18. Royal Society of Chemistry Publishing, Cambridge, UK, pp 46-71
7. Gogate PR, Pandit AB (2004) A review of imperative technologies for wastewater treatment II: hybrid methods. Adv Environ Res 8:553-597
8. Oliviero L, Barbier J Jr, Duprez D (2003) Wet air oxidation of nitrogen-containing organic compounds and ammonia in aqueous media. Appl Catal B: Environ 40:163-184
9. Imamura S (1999) Catalytic and noncatalytic wet oxidation. Ind Eng Chem Res 38:1743-1753
10. Liu Z-h, Kanjo Y, Mizutani S (2009) Removal mechanisms for endocrine disrupting compounds (EDCs) in wastewater treatment-physical means, biodegradation, and chemical advanced oxidation: a review. Sci Total Environ 407:731-748
11. Esplugas S, Bila DM, Krause LGT, Dezotti M (2007) Ozonation and advanced oxidation technologies to remove endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDCs) and pharmaceuticals and personal care products (PPCPs) in water effluents. J Hazard Mater 149:631-642
12. Rios GM, Belleville MP, Paolucci-Jeanjean D, Sanchez J (2009) Membrane technologies at the service of sustainable development through process intensification. In: Centi G, Trifiró F, Perathoner S, Cavani F (eds) Sustainable industrial processes, Chapter 4. Wiley, Weinheim, Germany, pp 257-278
13. Centi G, van Santen RA (2007) Catalysis for renewables. Wiley, Weinheim, Germany
14. Centi G, Perathoner S (2003) Novel catalyst design for multiphase reactions. Catal Today 79-80:3-13
15. Centi G, Perathoner S (1999) Recycle rinse water: problems and opportunities. Catal Today 53:11-21
16. Centi G, Gotti M, Perathoner S, Pinna F (2000) Rinse water purification using solid regenerable catalytic adsorbents. Catal Today 55:51-60
17. Marco A, Esplugas S, Saum G (1997) How and why combine chemical and biological processes for wastewater treatment. 3Water Sci Technol 35:321-327
18. Centi G, Perathoner S (2008) Catalysis by layered materials: a review. Micropor Mesopor Mater 107:3-15
19. Gil A, Korili SA, Vicente MA (2008) Recent advances in the control and characterization of the porous structure of pillared clay catalysts. Catal Rev Sci Eng 50(2): 153-221
20. Ding Z, Kloprogge JT, Frost RL, Lu GQ, Zhu HY (2001) Porous clays and pillared claysbased catalysts. Part 2: a review of the catalytic and molecular sieve applications. J Porous Mater 8:273-293
21. Cheng S (1999) From layer compounds to catalytic materials. Catal Today 49:303-312
22. Pinnavaia TJ (1983) Intercalated clay catalysts. Science 220:365-371
23. Figueras F (1988) Pillared clays as catalysts. Catal Rev Sci Eng 30:457-499
24. Suty H, De Traversay C, Cost M (2004) Applications of advanced oxidation processes: present and future. Water Sci Technol 49:227-233
25. Vandevivere PC, Bianchi R, VerstraeteW(1998) Treatment and reuse of wastewater from the textile wet-processing industry: review of emerging technologies. J Chem Tech Biotechnol 72:289-302
26. 2) of sewage sludge. J Hazard Mater 98:91-106
27. Centi G, Perathoner S, Romeo G (2001) Fe/MFI as a new heterogeneous Fenton-type catalyst in the treatment of wastewater from agroindustrial processes. Stud Surf Sci Catal 135:5156-5163
28. 2 of carboxylic acids on homogeneous and heterogeneous Fenton-type catalysts. Catal Today 55:61-69
29. Perathoner S, Centi G (2005) Wet hydrogen peroxide catalytic oxidation (WHPCO) of organic waste in agro-food and industrial streams. Top Catal 33:207-224
30. Chakinala AG, Gogate PR, Burgess AE, Bremner DH (2009) Industrial wastewater treatment using hydrodynamic cavitation and heterogeneous advanced Fenton processing. Chem Eng J 152:498-502
31. Li D, Qu J (2009) The progress of catalytic technologies in water purification: a review. J Environ Sci 21:713-719
32. Guélou E, Barrault J, Fournier J, Tatibouët J-M (2003) Active iron species in the catalytic wet peroxide oxidation of phenol over pillared clays containing iron. Appl Catal B: Environ 44:1-8
33. Carriazo JG, Guelou E, Barrault J, Tatibouët J-M, Moreno S (2003) Catalytic wet peroxide oxidation of phenol over Al-Cu or Al-Fe modified clays. Appl Clay Sci 22:303-308
34. Sirtori C, Zapata A, Oller I, Gernjak W, Agüera A, Malato S (2009) Solar photo-Fenton as finishing step for biological treatment of a pharmaceutical wastewater. Environ Sci Technol 43:1185-1191
35. Andreozzi R, Canterino M, Di Somma I, Lo Giudice R, Marotta R, Pinto G, Pollio A (2008) Effect of combined physico-chemical processes on the phytotoxicity of olive mill wastewaters. Water Res 42:1684-1692
36. Kanmani S, Raja A (2008) Pilot plant treatment of distillery wastewater by solar photo-Fenton process. Indian J Environ Prot 28:218-226
37. Pérez M, Torrades F, Domènech X, Peral J (2002) Fenton and photo-Fenton oxidation of textile effluents. Water Res 36:2703-2710
38. Bauer R, Fallmann H (1997) The photo-Fenton oxidation-a cheap and efficient wastewater treatment method. Res Chem Intermediates 23:341-354
39. Kiwi J, Pulgarin C, Peringer P (1994) Effect of Fenton and photo-Fenton reactions on the degradation and biodegradability of 2 and 4-nitrophenols in water treatment. Appl Catal B Environ 3:335-350
40. Jain DM (2005) Photo Fenton degradation for environmental application. J Ind Pollut Control 21:181-194
41. Malato S, Fernández-Ibáñez P, Maldonado MI, Blanco J, Gernjak W (2009) Decontamination and disinfection of water by solar photocatalysis: recent overview trends. Catal Today 147:1-59
42. Ding Z, Zhu HY, Lu GQ, Greenfield PF (1999) Photocatalytic properties of titania pillared clays by different drying methods. J Colloid Interface Sci 209:193-199
43. 2 pillared bentonites under UV light irradiation. Sci China B 45:445-448
44. 2 pillared clay for photocatalytic degradation of organic compounds in water. Micropor Mesopor Mater 67:143-150
45. Romero A, Dorado F, Asencio I, García PB, Valverde JL (2006) Ti-pillared clays: synthesis and general characterization. Clays Clay Miner 54:737-747
46. 2-pillared montmorillonite as photocatalyst. Part II. Photocatalytic degradation of a textile azo dye. Appl Clay Sci 45:98-104
47. Danis TG, Albanis TA, Petrakis DE, Pomonis PJ (1998) Removal of chlorinated phenols from aqueous solutions by adsorption on alumina pillared clays and mesoporous alumina aluminum phosphates. Water Res 32:295-302
48. Wibulswas R, White D, Rautiu R (1998) Removal of humic substances from water by alumina-based pillared clays. Environ Technol 19:627-632
49. Tahani A, Karroua M, El Farissi M, Levitz P, Van Damme H, Bergaya F, Margulies L (1999) Adsorption of phenol and its chlorine derivatives on PILCS and organo-PILCS. J Chimie Physique et de Physico Chimie Biol 96:464-469
50. Konstantinou IK, Albanis TA, Petrakis DE, Pomonis PJ (2000) Removal of herbicides from aqueous solutions by adsorption on Al-pillared clays, Fe-Al pillared clays and mesoporous alumina aluminum phosphates. Water Res 34:3123-3136
51. Bouras O, Houari M, Khalaf H (2001) Using of surfactant modified Fe-pillared bentonite for the removal of pentachlorophenol from aqueous stream. Environ Technol 22(1): 69-74
52. Zeng XQ, Liu WP (2005) Adsorption of direct green B on mixed hydroxyl-Fe-Al pillared montmorillonite with large basal spacing. J Environ Sci 17:159-162
53. Ortiz-Polo A, Richards-Uribe RM, Otazo-Sánchez EM, Prieto-García F, Hernández-Ávila J, Acevedo-Sandoval O, Gordillo-Martínez A (2008) New organo-inorganic materials for water contaminants remediation. In: Barbé C, Laine RM, Sanchez C, Schubert U (eds) Organic/Inorganic hybrid materials-2007, Mater Res Soc Symp Proc, Volume 1007. Warrendale, PA, pp.1007-S04-38.
54. Guerra DL, Airoldi C, Lemos VP, Angélica RS (2008) Adsorptive, thermodynamic and kinetic performances of Al/Ti and Al/Zr-pillared clays from the Brazilian Amazon region for zinc cation removal. J Hazard Mater 155:230-242
55. Bhattacharyya KG, Gupta SS (2008) Adsorption of a few heavy metals on natural and modified kaolinite and montmorillonite: a review. Adv Colloid Interface Sci 140:114-131
56. Karamanis D, Assimakopoulos PA (2007) Efficiency of aluminum-pillared montmorillonite on the removal of cesium and copper from aqueous solutions. Water Res 41:1897-1906
57. Zhu JX, He HP, Guo JG, Yang D (2002) Recent advances in research on organic pillared montmorillonite. Bull Mineral Petrol Geochem 21:234-237
58. Srinivasan KR, Fogler HS (1990) Use of inorgano-organo-clays in the removal of priority pollutants from industrial wastewaters: structural aspect. Clays Clay Miner 38:277-286
59. Georgakilas V, Gournis D, Petridis D (2001) Organoclay derivatives in the synthesis of macrocycles. Ang Chemie Int Ed 40:4286-4288
60. Nakatsuji M, Ishii R, Wang Z-M, Ooi K (2004) Preparation of porous clay minerals with organic-inorganic hybrid pillars using solvent-extraction route. J Colloid Interface Sci 272:158-166
61. Bergaya F, Mandalia T, Amigouët P (2005) A brief survey on CLAYPEN and nanocomposites based on unmodified PE and organo-pillared clays. Colloid Polym Sci 283:773-782
62. Zhou Q, He HP, Zhu JX, Shen W, Frost RL, Yuan P (2008) Mechanism of p-nitrophenol adsorption from aqueous solution by HDTMA+-pillared montmorillonite-implications for water purification. J Hazard Mater 154:1025-1032
63. López-Cortés C, Osorio-Revilla G, Gallardo-Velázquez T, Arellano-Cárdenas S (2008) Adsorption of vapor-phase VOCs (benzene and toluene) on modified clays and its relation with surface properties. Can J Chem 86:305-311
64. Sasai R, Hotta Y, Itoh H (2008) Preparation of organoclay having titania nano-crystals in interlayer hydrophobic field and its characterization. J Ceram Soc Jpn (Nippon Seramikkusu Kyokai Gakujutsu Ronbunshi) 116:205-211
65. Matatov-Meytal YI, Sheintuch M (1998) Catalytic abatement of water pollutants. Ind Eng Chem Res 37:309-326
66. Guo J, Al-Dahhan M (2003) Kinetics of wet air oxidation of phenol over a novel catalyst. Ind Eng Chem Res 22:5473-5481
67. Guo J, Al-Dahhan M (2003) Catalytic wet oxidation of phenol by hydrogen peroxide over pillared clay catalyst. Ind Eng Chem Res 42:2450-2460
68. Barrault J, Tatibouët J-M, Papayannakos N (2000) Catalytic wet peroxide oxidation of phenol over pillared clays containing iron or copper species. Comptes Rendus-Series IIC-Chem 3:777-783
69. Barrault J, Abdellaoui M, Bouchoule C, Majesté A, Tatibouët J-M, Louloudi A, Papayannakos N, Gangas NH (2000) Catalytic wet peroxide oxidation over mixed (Al-Fe) pillared clays. Appl Catal B: Environ 27:L225-L230
70. Guélou E, Barrault J, Fournier J, Tatibouët J-M (2003) Active iron species in the catalytic wet peroxide oxidation of phenol over pillared clays containing iron. Appl Catal B: Environ 44:1-8
71. De Stefanis A, Perez G, Tomlinson AAG, Bergström C (2001) Alkylation process. WO 2001-055061 assigned to Optatech Corp, Finland
72. Raimondo M, De Stefanis A, Perez G, Tomlinson AAG (1998) PLS vs. zeolites as sorbents and catalysts. 5. Evidence for Brønsted/Lewis acid crossover and high acidity in conversions of C1-3 alcohols in some alumina-pillared smectite clays. Appl Catal A: Gen 171:85-97
73. Tomlinson AAG (1998) Characterization of pillared layered structures. J Porous Mater 5:259-274
74. Tukac V, Hanika J (1998) Catalytic wet oxidation of substituted phenols in the trickle bed reactor. J Chem Tech Biotechnol 71:262-266
75. Ksontinia N, Najjar W, Ghorbel A (2008) Al-Fe pillared clays: synthesis, characterization and catalytic wet air oxidation activity. J Phys Chem Solids 69:1112-1115
76. Najjar W, Azabou S, Sayadi S, Ghorbel A (2007) Catalytic wet peroxide photo-oxidation of phenolic olive oil mill wastewater contaminants. Part I. Reactivity of tyrosol over (Al-Fe) PILC. Appl Catal B: Environ 74:11-18
77. Guo J, Al-Dahhan M (2005) Catalytic wet air oxidation of phenol in concurrent downflow and upflow packed-bed reactors over pillared clay catalyst. Chem Eng Sci 60:735-746
78. Guo J, Al-Dahhan M (2006) Activity and stability of iron-containing pillared clay catalysts for wet air oxidation of phenol. Appl Catal A: Gen 299:175-184
79. Barrault J, Bouchoule C, Echachoui K, Frini-Srasra N, Trabelsi M, Bergaya F (1998) Catalytic wet peroxide oxidation (CWPO) of phenol over mixed (AlCu)-pillared clays. Appl Catal B: Environ 15:269-274
80. Abdellaoui M, Barrault J, Bouchoule C, Srasra NF, Bergaya F (1999) Catalytic wet peroxide oxidation of phenol over mixed [Al-Cu]-pillared clays. J Chimie Phys et de Physico Chimie Biol 96:419-429
81. Barrault J, Bouchoule C, Tatibouët JM, Abdellaoui M, Majesté A, Louloudi I, Papayannakos N, Gangas NH (2000) Catalytic wet peroxide oxidation over mixed (Al-Fe) pillared clays. Stud Surf Sci Catal 130A:749-754
82. Tatibouët JM, Guélou E, Fournier J (2005) Catalytic oxidation of phenol by hydrogen peroxide over a pillared clay containing iron. Active species and pH effect. Top Catal 33:1-4
83. 2. Top Catal 40:207-219
84. 2. J Phys Chem A 107:5722-5731
85. 2. Appl Catal B: Environ 51:165-170
86. Ensing B, Buda F, Blöchl PE, Baerends EJ (2002) A Car-Parrinello study of the formation of oxidizing intermediates from Fenton's reagent in aqueous solution. Phys Chem Chem Phys 4:3619-3627
87. Ensing B, Buda F, Blöchl P, Baerends EJ (2001) Chemical involvement of solvent water molecules in elementary steps of the Fenton oxidation reaction. Ang Chemie 113:2977-2979
88. Ensing B (2003) Chemistry in water. First principles computer simulations. PhD Thesis, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, The Netherlands
89. 2. Appl Clay Sci 21:271-276
90. Ramaswamy V, Krishnan MS, Ramaswamy AV (2002) Immobilization and characterization of copper chlorophthalocyanine on alumina-pillared montmorillonite. J Mol Catal A: Chem 181:81-89
91. Catrinescu C, Teodosiu C, Macoveanu M, Miehe-Brendlé JL, Dred R (2003) Catalytic wet peroxide oxidation of phenol over Fe-exchanged pillared beidellite. Water Res 37:1154-1160
92. Mei JG, Yu SM, Cheng J (2004) Heterogeneous catalytic wet peroxide oxidation of phenol over delaminated Fe-Ti-PILC employing microwave irradiation. Catal Comm 5:437-440
93. Carriazo J, Guélou E, Barrault J, Tatibouët JM, Molina R, Moreno S (2005) Catalytic wet peroxide oxidation of phenol by pillared clays containing Al-Ce-Fe. Water Res 39:3891-3899
94. Carriazo JG, Molina R, Moreno S (2008) A study on Al and Al-Ce-Fe pillaring species and their catalytic potential as they are supported on a bentonite. Appl Catal A: Gen 334: 168-172
95. Molina CB, Casas JA, Zazo JA, Rodríguez JJ (2006) A comparison of Al-Fe and Zr-Fe pillared clays for catalytic wet peroxide oxidation. Chem Eng J 118:29-35
96. 2. Appl Catal B: Environ 85:201-206
97. Timofeeva MN, Khankhasaeva ST, Chesalov YA, Tsybulya SV, Panchenko VN, Dashinamzhilova ET (2009) Synthesis of Fe,Al-pillared clays starting from the Al,Fepolymeric precursor: effect of synthesis parameters on textural and catalytic properties. Appl Catal B: Environ 88:127-134
98. Timofeeva MN, Khankhasaeva ST, Talsi EP, Panchenko VN, Golovin AV, Dashinamzhilova ET, Tsybulya SV (2009) The effect of Fe/Cu ratio in the synthesis of mixed Fe,Cu,Al-clays used as catalysts in phenol peroxide oxidation. Appl Catal B: Environ 90:618-627
99. Tabet D, Saidi M, Houari M, Pichat P, Khalaf H (2006) Fe-pillared clay as a Fenton-type heterogeneous catalyst for cinnamic acid degradation. J Env Manage 80:342-346
100. Herney-Ramirez J, Costa CA, Madeira LM, Mata G, Vicente MA, Rojas-Cervantes ML, López-Peinado AJ, Martín-Aranda RM (2007) Fenton-like oxidation of Orange II solutions using heterogeneous catalysts based on saponite clay. Appl Catal B: Environ 71:44-56
101. Herney-Ramirez J, Lampinen M, Vicente MA, Costa CA, Madeira LM (2008) Experimental design to optimize the oxidation of orange II dye solution using a clay-based Fenton-like catalyst. Ind Eng Chem Res 47:284-294
102. Achma RB, Ghorbel A, Dafinov A, Medina F (2008) Stability of copper supported pillared clay catalysts during oxidation of model pollutant tyrosol in batch and continuous reactors. Stud Surf Sci Catal 174B:1355-1358
103. Achma RB, Ghorbel A, Dafinov A, Medina F (2008) Copper-supported pillared clay catalysts for the wet hydrogen peroxide catalytic oxidation of model pollutant tyrosol. Appl Catal A: Gen 349:20-28
104. Najjar W, Ghorbel A, Perathoner S, Centi G (2008) Oxidation intermediates and reaction pathways of wet hydrogen peroxide oxidation of p-coumaric acid over (Al-Fe)PILC catalyst. Stud Surf Sci Catal 174B:1063-1068
105. 3 and Cu-Al pillared clay. Stud Surf Sci Catal 145:355-358
106. Kim SC, Lee DK (2004) Preparation of Al-Cu pillared clay catalysts for the catalytic wet oxidation of reactive dyes. Catal Today 97:153-158
107. Caudo S, Centi G, Genovese C, Perathoner S (2007) Copper-and iron-pillared clay catalysts for the WHPCO of model and real wastewater streams from olive oil milling production. Appl Catal B: Environ 70:437-446
108. Giordano G, Perathoner S, Centi G, De Rosa S, Granato T, Katovic A, Siciliano A, Tagarelli A, Tripicchio F (2007) Wet hydrogen peroxide catalytic oxidation of olive oil mill wastewaters using Cu-zeolite and Cu-pillared clay catalysts. Catal Today 124:240-246
109. 2. Micropor Mesopor Mater 107:46-57
110. 2 pillars in pillared montmorillonite for improvement of the photocatalytic activity. J Mater Chem 9:2943-2952
111. Yoshida H, Kawase T,Miyashita Y, Murata C, Ooka C, Hattori T (1999) Effect of hydrothermal treatment of titania-pillared montmorillonite for photocatalytic degradation of dibutyl phthalate in water. Chem Lett 8:715-716
112. 2 pillared clays. Appl Catal A: Gen 225:185-191
113. Awate SV, Suzuki K (2001) Enhanced adsorption capacity and photo-catalytic oxidative activity of dyes in aqueous medium by hydrothermally treated titania pillared clay. Adsorption 7:319-326
114. 2 pillared bentonites under UV light irradiation. Sci China B 45:445-448
115. Pichat P, Khalaf H, Tabet D, Houari M, Saidi M (2005) Ti-montmorillonite as photocatalyst to remove 4-chlorophenol in water and methanol in air. Environ Chem Lett 2:191-194
116. 2 nanosols pillared montmorillonite for photocatalytic decomposition of methyl orange. J Photochem Photobiol A: Chem 179:75-80
117. 2 immobilized hydrophobic montmorillonite photocatalysts. Degradation of decabromodiphenyl ether (BDE 209). Catal Today 139:69-76
118. 2 pillared montmorillonite photocatalyst. Res Chem Intermediates 34:67-83
119. 2 pillared montmorillonite photocatalyst and its photocatalytic activity to degradation reaction of acidic fuchsine by sunlight. Spectrosc Spectral Anal (Guang Pu Xue Yu Guang Pu Fen Xi) 28:1122-1125
120. Yang X, Zhu H, Liu J, Gao X,Martens WN, Frost RL, Shen Y, Yuan Z (2008) A mesoporous structure for efficient photocatalysts: anatase nanocrystals attached to leached clay layers. Micropor Mesopor Mater 112:32-44
121. Xuzhuang Y, Yang D, Huaiyong Z, Jiangwen L, Martins WN, Frost R, Daniel L, Yuenian S (2009) Mesoporous structure with size controllable anatase attached on silicate layers for efficient photocatalysis. J Phys Chem C 113:8243-8248
122. 2 pillared montmorillonite photocatalysts under visible-light irradiation. J Phys Chem C 112:17994-17997
123. 2-pillared montmorillonite as photocatalyst. Part I. Microwave calcination, characterisation, and adsorption of a textile azo dye. Appl Clay Sci 44:201-205
124. 2-pillared montmorillonite as photocatalyst. Part II. Photocatalytic degradation of a textile azo dye. Appl Clay Sci 45:98-104
125. 2-pillared Romanian clay and their application for azoic dyes photodegradation. J Hazard Mater 167:1050-1056
126. 2-pillared montmorillonitic clay. Revue Roumaine de Chimie 54:313-321
127. 2 nanoparticle in layer compound. Catal Comm 5:49-54
128. Yuan XT, Yu J, Liu HZ, Li WJ (2004) Synthesis and characterization of novel organic/inorganic pillared clays. Acta Chimica Sinica 62:1049-1054
129. Yan SF, Yu J, Liu HZ, Sun TC (2007) Preparation of Ti-pillared montmorillonite tailored by surfactant. Chin J Process Eng (Guocheng Gongcheng Xuebao) 7:90-94
130. 2 pillared clay: the effect of acid hydrolysis catalyst and doped Pt amount on photocatalytic activity. J Colloid Interface Sci 320:501-507
131. Li D, Qu J (2009) The progress of catalytic technologies in water purification: a review. J Environ Sci (Beijing, China) 21:713-719
132. von Sonntag C (2008) Advanced oxidation processes: mechanistic aspects. Water Sci Technol 58:1015-1021
133. Litter MI (2005) Introduction to photochemical advanced oxidation processes for water treatment. In: Hutzinger O (ed) Environmental photochemistry. Part II (series The Handbook of Environmental Chemistry), vol 2 M. Springer, Berlin, pp 325-366
134. Augugliaro V, Litter M, Palmisano L, Soria J (2006) The combination of heterogeneous photocatalysis with chemical and physical operations: a tool for improving the photoprocess performance. J Photochem Photobiol C: Photochem Rev 7:27-144
135. Jain DM (2005) Photo Fenton degradation for environmental application. J Ind Pollut Control 21:181-194
136. Waite TD (2002) Challenges and opportunities in the use of iron in water and wastewater treatment. Rev Environ Sci BioTechnol 1:9-15
137. Suty H, De Traversay C, Cost M (2004) Applications of advanced oxidation processes: present and future. Water Sci Technol 49:227-233
138. Sum OSN, Feng J, Hu X, Yue PL (2004) Pillared laponite clay-based Fe nanocomposites as heterogeneous catalysts for photo-Fenton degradation of acid black. Chem Eng Sci 59:5269-5275
139. Liu Y, Li YM, Wen LH, Li HY (2005)Fe pillared bentonite and photo-catalytic degradation of dye-Orange II. J Funct Mater (Gongneng Cailiao) 36:136-138
140. Bobu MM, Siminiceanu I, Lundanes E (2008) Mineralization of two phenyl urea herbicides in water by a heterogeneous photo-Fenton process. Environ Eng Manage J 7:37-40
141. Bobu M, Yediler A, Siminiceanu I, Schulte-Hostede S (2008) Degradation studies of ciprofloxacin on a pillared iron catalyst. Appl Catal B: Environ 83:15-23
142. De León MA, Castiglioni J, Bussi J, Sergio M (2008) Catalytic activity of an ironpillared montmorillonitic clay mineral in heterogeneous photo-Fenton process. Catal Today 133-135:600-605
143. Chen Q, Wu P, Li Y, Zhu N, Dang Z (2009) Heterogeneous photo-Fenton photodegradation of reactive brilliant orange X-GN over iron-pillared montmorillonite under visible irradiation. J Hazard Mater 168:901-908