Point Target classification via fast lossless and sufficient Ω-Ψ-φ invariant decomposition of high-resolution and fully polarimetric SAR/ISAR data

Proceedings of the IEEE

Volumn 101, Issue 3, 2013, Pages 798-830

  Paladini, Riccardo ^a   Ferro Famil, Laurent ^b   Pottier, Eric ^b   Martorella, Marco ^a   Berizzi, Fabrizio ^a   Dalle Mese, Enzo ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF PISA   (Italy)

^b UNIVERSITÉ DE RENNES 1   (France)

Author keywords

Automatic target classification; automatic target recognition; classification algorithm; data mining; decomposition theorem; depolarization effect; deterministic processes; Earth surface; eigenvalues and eigenfunctions; Einstein photon circular polarization; Faraday rotation; geophysics computing; invariant decomposition; lunar surface; matrix decomposition; orientation invariant parameters; particle characterization of radio scattering theory; polarimetry; polarization; polarization transformation properties; radar; radar cross section (RCS); radar polarimetry; radio scattering models; remote sensing by radar; Sinclair matrix; synthetic aperture radar; target decomposition; target scattering characterization; vectors

Indexed keywords

AUTOMATIC TARGET RECOGNITION; CIRCULAR POLARIZATION; CLASSIFICATION (OF INFORMATION); COMPUTATION THEORY; DATA MINING; DEPOLARIZATION; DOMAIN DECOMPOSITION METHODS; EIGENVALUES AND EIGENFUNCTIONS; ELLIPSOMETRY; FARADAY EFFECT; LINEAR TRANSFORMATIONS; MATRIX ALGEBRA; METADATA; POLARIMETERS; POLARIZATION; RADAR; RADAR CROSS SECTION; REMOTE SENSING; SIGNAL PROCESSING; SPACE-BASED RADAR; SYNTHETIC APERTURE RADAR; VECTORS;

CLASSIFICATION ALGORITHM; DECOMPOSITION THEOREMS; DEPOLARIZATION EFFECTS; DETERMINISTIC PROCESS; EARTH SURFACE; GEOPHYSICS COMPUTING; INVARIANT DECOMPOSITIONS; INVARIANT PARAMETERS; LUNAR SURFACE; MATRIX DECOMPOSITION; POLARIZATION TRANSFORMATION; RADAR POLARIMETRY; REMOTE SENSING BY RADARS; SCATTERING MODEL; SCATTERING THEORY; TARGET CLASSIFICATION; TARGET DECOMPOSITION;

RADAR TARGET RECOGNITION;

EID: 84874529624     PISSN: 00189219     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1109/JPROC.2012.2227894     Document Type: Article

References (63)

1. J. S. Lee and E. Pottier, Polarimetric Radar Imaging. Boca Raton, FL: CRC Press, 2009, ISBN: 978-1-4200-5497-2.
2. S. R. Cloude, Polarisation Applications in Remote Sensing. Oxford, U.K.: Oxford Univ. Press, 2010.
3. R. K. Raney, P. D. Spudis, B. Bussey, J. Crusan, J. R. Jensen, W. Marinelli, P. McKerracher, C. Neish, M. Palsetia, R. Schulze, H. B. Sequeiza, and H. Winters, "The lunar mini-RF radars: Hybrid polarimetric architecture and initial results," Proc. IEEE, vol. 99, no. 5, pp. 808-823, May 2011.
4. E. M. Kennaugh, "Polarization properties of radar reflection," Ph.D. dissertation, Dept. Electr. Eng., Ohio State Univ., Columbus, OH, 1952.
5. J. R. Huynen, "Phenomenological theory of radar targets," Electromagnetic Scattering. New York, NY, USA: Academic, pp. 653-712, 1978.
6. J. R. Huynen, "Phenomenological theory of radar targetVRevised, " Ph.D. dissertation, Delft Univ. Technol., Delft, The Netherlands, CA, 1970.
7. S. R. Cloude, "Polarimetry: The characterization of polarization effect in EM scattering," Ph.D. dissertation, Faculty Eng., Univ. Birmingham, Birmingham, U.K., 1986.
8. J. R. Huynen, "Measurement of the target scattering matrix," Proc. IEEE, vol. 53, no. 8, pp. 936-946, Aug. 1965.
9. W. M. Boerner, M. B. El-Arini, C. Y. Chan, and P. M. Mastoris, "Polarization dependence in electromagnetic inverse problems," IEEE Trans. Antennas Propag., vol. AP-29, no. 2, pp. 262-271, Mar. 1981.
10. J. J. Van Zyl, "Unsupervised classification of scattering behavior using radar polarimetry data," IEEE Trans. Geosci. Remote Sens., vol. 27, no. 1, pp. 36-45, Jan. 1989.
11. E. Krogager, "A new decomposition of the radar scattering matrix," IEEE Electron. Lett., vol. 26, no. 18, pp. 1525-1526, Aug. 30, 1990.
12. W. L. Cameron and L. K. Leung, "Feature motivated polarization scattering matrix decomposition," in Proc. IEEE Radar Conf., 1990, pp. 549-557.
13. S. R. Cloude and E. Pottier, "A review of target decomposition theorems in radar polarimetry," IEEE Trans. Geosci. Remote Sens., vol. 34, no. 2, pp. 498-518, Mar. 1996. (Pubitemid 126780898)
14. S. R. Cloude and E. Pottier, "An entropy based classification scheme for land applications of polarimetric SAR," IEEE Trans. Geosci. Remote Sens., vol. 35, no. 1, pp. 68-78, Jan. 1997. (Pubitemid 127771044)
15. R. Touzi, "Target scattering decomposition in terms of roll-invariant target parameters," IEEE Trans. Geosci. Remote Sens., vol. 45, no. 1, pp. 73-84, Jan. 2007. (Pubitemid 46103894)
16. R. Touzi, W. M. Boerner, and E. Luneburg, "A review of polarimetry in the context of synthetic aperture radar: Concept and information extraction," Can. J. Remote Sens., vol. 30, no. 3, pp. 380-407, Jun. 2004.
17. S. R. Cloude, "Target decomposition theorems in radar scattering," IEEE Electron. Lett., vol. 21, no. 1, pp. 22-24, Jan. 1985. (Pubitemid 15436874)
18. A. Freeman and S. L. Durden, "A tree-component scattering model for polarimetric SAR data," IEEE Trans. Geosci. Remote Sens., vol. 36, no. 3, pp. 963-973, May 1998. (Pubitemid 128748505)
19. Y. Yamagugi and H. Yamada, "A four-component decomposition of POLSAR images based on the coherency matrix," IEEE Geosci. Remote Sens. Lett., vol. 3, no. 3, pp. 292-296, Jul. 2006. (Pubitemid 44150310)
20. R. Paladini, "Polarimetric radar target decomposition and classification," Ph.D. dissertation, Dept. Inf. Eng., Univ. Pisa, Pisa, Italy, Sep. 2011.
21. Paladini, L. R. Ferro-Famil, E. Pottier, M. Martorella, F. Berizzi, and E. Dalle Mese, "Lossless and sufficient orientation invariant decomposition of random reciprocal target," IEEE Trans. Geosci. Remote Sens., vol. 50, no. 9, pp. 3487-3501, Sep. 2012.
22. E. Krogager and Z. H. Czyz, "Properties of the sphere, diplane, helix decomposition," in Proc. 3rd Int. Workshop Radar Polarimetry, Mar. 21-23, 1995, pp. 106-114.
23. W. L. Cameron, N. N. Youssef, and K. L. Leung, "Simulated polarimetric signatures of primitive geometrical shapes," IEEE Trans. Geosci. Remote Sens., vol. 34, no. 3, pp. 793-903, May 1996.
24. J. S. Lee, D. L. Schuler, and T. L. Ainsworth, "Polarimetric SAR data compensation for terrain azimuth slope variation," IEEE Trans. Geosci. Remote Sens., vol. 38, no. 5, pt. 1, pp. 2153-2163, Sep. 2000.
25. J. S. Lee, D. L. Schuler, T. L. Ainsworth, E. Krogager, D. Kasilingam, and W. M. Boerner, "On the estimation of radar polarization orientation shift induced by terrain slope," IEEE Trans. Geosci. Remote Sens., vol. 40, no. 1, pp. 30-41, Jan. 2002. (Pubitemid 34255518)
26. J. S. Lee and T. L. Ainsworth, "The effect of orientation angle compensation on coherency matrix and polarimetric target decompositions," IEEE Trans. Geosci. Remote Sens., vol. 49, no. 1, pp. 53-64, Jan. 2011.
27. Y. Yamaguci, A. Sato, W. M. Boerner, R. Sato, and H. Yamada, "Four-component scattering power decomposition with rotation of the coherency matrix," IEEE Trans. Geosci. Remote Sens., vol. 49, no. 6, pp. 2251-2258, Jun. 2011.
28. S. H. Bickel and J. F. A. Ormsby, "Error analysis, calibration, and the polarization scattering matrix," Proc. IEEE, vol. 53, no. 8, pp. 1087-1089, Aug. 1965.
29. S. H. Bickel and R. H. T. Bates, "Effects of magneto-ionic propagations on the polarization scattering matrix," Proc. IEEE, vol. 53, no. 8, pp. 1070-1072, Aug. 1965.
30. A. Freeman, "Calibration of linearly polarized polarimetric SAR data subject to Faraday rotation," IEEE Trans. Geosci. Remote Sens., vol. 42, no. 8, pp. 1617-1624, Aug. 2004.
31. H. Kimura, "Calibration of polarimetric PALSAR imagery affected by Faraday rotation using polarization orientation," IEEE Trans. Geosci. Remote Sens., vol. 47, no. 12, pp. 3943-3950, Dec. 2009.
32. Y. Wang, T. L. Ainsworth, and J. S. Lee, "Assessment of system polarization quality for polarimetric SAR imagery and target decomposition," IEEE Trans. Geosci. Remote Sens., vol. 49, no. 5, pp. 1755-1771, May 2011.
33. R. Paladini, M. Martorella, and F. Berizzi, "Classification of man made targets via invariant coherency matrix eigenvector decomposition of polarimetric SAR-ISAR images," IEEE Trans. Geosci. Remote Sens., vol. 49, no. 8, pp. 3022-3034, Aug. 2011.
34. E. L. Christensen, N. Skou, J. Dall, K. M. Woelders, J. H. Jorgensen, J. Granholm, and N. Madsen, "EMISAR: An absolutely calibrated polarimetric L-and C-band SAR," IEEE Trans. Geosci. Remote Sens., vol. 36, no. 6, pp. 1852-1865, Nov. 1998. (Pubitemid 128748583)
35. W. M. Boerner, W. L. Yan, A. Q. Xi, and I. Yamagugi, "On the basic principles of radar polarimetry: The target polarization state theory of Kennaugh's, Huynen's polarization fork concept and its extension to the partially polarized case," Proc. IEEE, vol. 79, no. 10, pp. 1538-1550, Oct. 1991.
36. J. R. Copeland, "Radar target classification by polarization properties," Proc. IRE, vol. 48, no. 7, pp. 1290-1296, Jul. 1960.
37. H. Mieras, "Optimal polarization of simple compound target," IEEE Trans. Antennas Propag., vol. AP-31, no. 6, pp. 996-999, Nov. 1983.
38. A. B. Kotinsky and W. M. Boerner, "On foundations of radar polarimetry," IEEE Trans. Antennas Propag., vol. AP-34, no. 12, pp. 1395-1403, Dec. 1986.
39. E. Luneburg, "Aspect of radar polarimetry," Turkish J. Electr. Eng. Comput. Sci., vol. 10, pp. 219-244, 2002.
40. R. Touzi, A. Deshamps, and G. Rother, "Phase of target scattering for wetland characterization using polarimetric C-band SAR," IEEE Trans. Geosci. Remote Sens., vol. 47, no. 9, pp. 3241-3261, Sep. 2009.
41. C. D. Graves, "Radar polarization power scattering matrix," Proc. IRE, vol. 44, no. 2, pp. 248-252, Feb. 1956.
42. R. H. Horn and C. R. Johnson, Matrix Analysis. Cambridge, U.K.: Cambridge Univ. Press, 1985.
43. W. L. Cameron and H. Rais, "Derivation of a signed Cameron decomposition asymmetry parameter and relationship of Cameron to Huynen decomposition parameters," IEEE Trans. Geosci. Remote Sens., vol. 49, no. 5, pp. 1677-1688, May 2011.
44. M. Davidovitz and W. M. Boerner, "Extension of Kennaugh's optimal polarization concept to the asymmetric scattering matrix case," IEEE Trans. Antennas Propag., vol. AP-34, no. 4, pp. 569-575, Apr. 1986.
45. Czyz, "Polarization properties of nonsymmetrical matrices. A geometrical interpretation," IEEE Trans. Aerosp. Electron. Syst., vol. 27, no. 5, pp. 771-777, Sep. 1991.
46. V. Karnychev, V. A. Khlusov, L. P. Ligthart, and G. Sharygin, "Algorithms for estimating the complete group of polarization invariants of the scattering matrix (SM) based on measuring all the SM elements," IEEE Trans. Geosci. Remote Sens., vol. 42, no. 3, pp. 73-84, Mar. 2004.
47. L. Bombrun, "Extension of the target scattering vector model to the bistatic case," in Proc. Int. Geosci. Remote Sens. Symp., 2010, pp. 4047-4050.
48. L. Carrea and G. Wanielik, "Polarimetric SAR processing using the polar decomposition of the scattering matrix," in Proc. Int. Geosci. Remote Sens. Symp., 2001, pp. 363-365. (Pubitemid 34236745)
49. J. C. Souyris and C. Tison, "Polarimetric analysis of bistatic SAR images from polar decomposition; a quaternion approach," IEEE Trans. Geosci. Remote Sens., vol. 45, no. 9, pp. 2701-2714, Sep. 2007. (Pubitemid 47331303)
50. S. H. Bickel, "Some invariant properties of the polarization scattering matrix," Proc. IEEE, vol. 53, no. 8, pp. 1070-1072, Aug. 1965.
51. J. C. Hubbert and V. N. Biringi, "Specular null polarization theory applications to radar meteorology," IEEE Trans. Geosci. Remote Sens., vol. 34, no. 4, pp. 859-873, Jul. 1996. (Pubitemid 126780933)
52. W. L. Cameron and H. Rais, "Conservative polarimetric scatterers and their role in incorrect extensions of the Cameron decomposition," IEEE Trans. Geosci. Remote Sens., vol. 44, no. 12, pp. 3506-3515, Dec. 2006.
53. W. L. Cameron and H. Rais, "Polarization symmetric scatterer metric space," IEEE Trans. Geosci. Remote Sens., vol. 47, no. 4, pp. 1097-1107, Apr. 2009.
54. R. Touzi and F. Charbonneau, "Characterization of target symmetric scattering using polarimetric SARs," IEEE Trans. Geosci. Remote Sens., vol. 40, no. 11, pp. 2507-2516, Nov. 2002.
55. J. S. Lee, E. Krogager, T. L. Ainsworth, and W. M. Boerner, "Polarimetric analysis of radar signature of a manmade structure," IEEE Geosci. Remote Sens. Lett., vol. 3, no. 4, pp. 555-559, Oct. 2006. (Pubitemid 44679671)
56. D. G. Corr and A. F. Rodrigues, "Alternative basis matrices for polarimetric decomposition," in Proc. Eur. Conf. Synthetic Aperture Radar, 2002, pp. 1-4.
57. H. Mieras, "Comments on "Foundation on radar polarimetry"," IEEE Trans. Antennas Propag., vol. AP-34, no. 12, pp. 1470-1471, Dec. 1986.
58. R. Paladini, L. F. Famil, E. Pottier, M. Martorella, and F. Berizzi, "Lossless and sufficient orientation invariant decomposition of random target," in Proc. 5th Int. Workshop Sci. Appl. SAR Polarimetry Polarimetric Interferometry, Frascati, Italy, 2011, CD-ROM.
59. D. H. O. Bebbington, R. McGuinnes, and A. R. Holt, "Correction off propagation effects in S-band circular polarisation-diversity radars," Inst. Electr. Eng. Proc. H, vol. 134, no. 5, pp. 431-437, Oct. 1987.
60. IEEE, "IEEE standard test procedure for antennas," IEEE Standards, pp. 1-129, 1979.
61. J. Van Zyl, H. A. Zebker, and C. Elachi, "Imaging radar polarization signatures: Theory and observation," Radio Sci., vol. 22, pp. 529-543, 1987. (Pubitemid 17616366)
62. H.-Z. Li, C. Wang, H. Zhang, and L. Liu, "A unified three-component scattering model for polarimetric coherent target decomposition," Int. J. Remote Sens., vol. 33, no. 9, pp. 2868-2891, May 2012.
63. M. Martorella, J. Palmer, F. Berizzi, B. Haywood, and B. Bates, "Polarimetric ISAR autofocusing," IET Signal Process., vol. 2, no. 3, pp. 312-324, Sep. 2008.