Academic fathers pursuing tenure: A qualitative study of work-family conflict, coping strategies, and departmental culture

Psychology of Men and Masculinity

Volumn 13, Issue 1, 2012, Pages 1-15

  Reddick, Richard J ^a   Rochlen, Aaron B ^a   Grasso, Joseph R ^a   Reilly, Erin D ^a   Spikes, Daniel D ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF TEXAS AT AUSTIN   (United States)

Author keywords

Coping strategies; Male faculty; Tenure; Work family balance and conflict

Indexed keywords

EID: 84874507099     PISSN: 15249220     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1037/a0023206     Document Type: Article

References (65)

1. American Association of University Professors. (2001). Statement of principles on family responsibilities and academic work. Retrieved from http://www.aaup.org/AssociationofAmericanUniversityPresses/pubsres/policydocs/contents/workfam-stmt.htm
2. Armenti, C. (2004). Women faculty seeking tenure and parenthood: Lessons from previous generations. Cambridge Journal of Education, 34(1), 65-83.
3. Attinasi, L. C., Jr. (1991). Phenomenological interviewing in the context of institutional research: An argument and an illustration (No. Ed. 329 157). Tallahassee: Florida State University, Association for Institutional Research.
4. Bellavia, G., & Frone, M. (2005). Work-family conflict. In J. Barling, E. K. Kelloway, & M. Frone (Eds.), Handbook of work stress. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.
5. Bureau of Labor Statistics. (2009). Issues in labor statistics, April 2009. Retrieved from www.bls.gov/opub/ils/pdf/opbils74.pdf
6. Carnegie Foundation for the Advancement for Teaching. (n.d.). Standard listings. Retrieved from http://classifications.carnegiefoundation.org/lookup_listings/standard.php
7. Cole, J. R., & Zuckerman, H. (1987). Marriage, motherhood, and research performance in science. Scientific American, 256(2), 119-125.
8. Coltrane, S. (1995). The future of fatherhood: Social, demographic, and economic influences on men's family involvements. In W. Marsiglio (Ed.), Fatherhood: Contemporary theory, research, and social policy (pp. 255-274). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.
9. Creswell, J. W. (1997). Qualitative inquiry and research design: Choosing among five traditions. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.
10. Crittenden, A. (2002). The price of motherhood: Why the most important job in the world is still the least valued. New York: Owl Books.
11. Drago, R., & Williams, J. (2000). A half-time tenure track proposal. Change, 32(6), 46-51.
12. Duxbury, L., Heslop, L., & Marshall, J. (1993). Results from faculty questionnaire on work and family roles. Ottawa: Carleton University.
13. Duxbury, L., & Higgins, C. (1994). Interference between work & family: A status report on dualcareer & dual-earner mothers and fathers. Employee Assistance Quarterly, 9, 55-80.
14. Edwards, J., & Rothbard, N. (2000). Mechanisms linking work and family: Clarifying the relationship between work & family constructs. Academy of Management Review, 25, 178-199.
15. Finkel, S. K., & Olswang, S. G. (1996). Child rearing as a career impediment to women assistant professors. Review of Higher Education, 19(2), 123-139.
16. Frone, M. (2003). Work-family balance. In J. C. Quick & L. E. Tetrick (Eds.), Handbook of occupational health psychology (pp. 143-162). Washington, DC: American Psychological Association.
17. Galinsky, E., Aumann, K., & Bond, J. T. (2008). Times are changing: Gender and generation at work and at home. New York: Families and Work Institute.
18. Gerson, K. (1985). Hard choices: How women decide about work, career, and motherhood. Berkeley: University of California Press.
19. Grant-Vallone, E. J., & Donaldson, S. I. (2001). Consequences of work-family conflict on employee well-being over time. Work & Stress, 15, 214-226.
20. Greenhaus, J. H., & Beutell, N. J. (1985). Sources of conflict between work and family roles. Academy of Management Review, 10, 76-88.
21. Groenewald, T. (2004). A phenomenological research design illustrated. International Journal of Qualitative Methods, 3(1), Article 4.
22. Guba, E. G., & Lincoln, Y. S. (1981). Effective evaluation: Improving the usefulness of evaluation results through responsive and naturalistic approaches. San Francisco: Jossey-Bass.
23. Haas, L., Allard, K., & Hwang, P. (2002). The impact of organizational culture on men's use of parental leave in Sweden. Community, Work, and Family, 5(3), 319-342.
24. Halpern, D. F. (2008). Nurturing careers in psychology: Combining work and family. Educational Psychology Review, 20(1), 57-64.
25. Harrington, B., Van Deusen, F., & Ladge, J. (2010). The new dad: Exploring fatherhood within a career context. Boston: Boston College Center for Work & Family.
26. Holahan, C. K., & Gilbert, L. A. (1979). Conflict between major life roles: Women and men in dualcareer couples. Human Relations, 32, 451-467.
27. Huang, Y., Hammer, L., Neal, M., & Perrin, N. (2004). The relationship between work-to-family conflict and family-to-work conflict: A longitudinal study. Journal of Family and Economic Issues, 25, 79-100.
28. Jacobs, J. A. (2003). Detours on the road to equality: Women, work and higher education. Contexts, 2(1), 32-41.
29. Knoester, C., Petts, R. J., & Eggebeen, D. J. (2007). Commitments to fathering and the well-being and social participation of new, disadvantaged fathers. Journal of Marriage and Family, 69, 991-1004.
30. Kossek, E. E., & Lobel, S. (1996). Managing diversity: Human resource strategies for transforming the workplace. Oxford, London: Blackwell.
31. Kossek, E. E., & Ozeki, C. (1999). Bridging the work-family policy and productivity gap. International Journal of Community, Work, and Family, 2(1), 7-32.
32. Kvale, S. (1989). Issues of validity in qualitative research. Lund, Sweden: Chartwell Bratt.
33. Marks, S. R. (1977). Multiple roles and role strain: Some notes on human energy, time, and commitment. American Sociological Review, 42, 921-936.
34. Mason, M. A., Goulden, M., & Frasch, K. (2009, January-February). Why graduate students reject the fast track. Academe, 95(1), 11-16.
35. Maxwell, J. (1996). Qualitative research design: An interactive approach (Vol. 41). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.
36. McCormick, A. C., & Zhao, C. (2005, September/October). Rethinking and reframing the carnegie classification. Change, 51-57.
37. Mesmer-Magnus, J. R., & Viswesvaran, C. (2005). Convergence between measures of work-to-family and family-to-work conflict: A meta-analytic examination. Journal of Vocational Behavior, 67, 215-232.
38. Milkie, M. A., & Peltola, P. (1999). Playing all the roles: Gender and the work-family balancing act. Journal of Marriage and Family, 61(2), 476-490.
39. Mitchell, O. S. (1997). Work and family benefits. In F. D. Blau & R. G. Ehrenberg (Eds.), Gender and family issues in the workplace (pp. 269-276). New York: Russell Sage Foundation.
40. Moen, P., & Sweet, S. (2004). From "Work-family" To "Flexible careers": A life course reframing. Community, Work, & Family, 7(2), 209-226.
41. Morse, J. M., Barrett, M., Mayan, M., Olson, K., & Spiers, J. (2002). Verification strategies for establishing reliability and validity in qualitative research. International Journal of Qualitative Methods, 1(2), 13-22.
42. National Center for Educational Statistics. (2009). Employees in degree-granting institutions, by employment status, sex, control and type of institution, and primary occupation: Fall 2007. Retrieved from http://nces.Ed.gov/programs/digest/d09/tables/xls/tabn245.xls
43. Netemeyer, R. G., Boles, J. S., & McMurrian, R. (1996). Development and validation of work-family conflict and family-work conflict scales. Journal of Applied Psychology, 81, 400-410.
44. O'Laughlin, E. M., & Bischoff, L. G. (2004). Balancing parenthood and academia: Work/family stress as influenced by gender and tenure status. Journal of Family Issues, 26, 79-106.
45. Patton, M. Q. (1990). Qualitative evaluation and research methods (2nd ed.). Newbury Park, CA: Sage.
46. Perna, L. W. (2001). The relationship between family responsibilities and employment status among college and university faculty. Journal of Higher Education, 72(5), 584-611.
47. Probert, B. (2005). "I just couldn't fit in": Gender and unequal outcomes in academic careers. Gender, Work, and Organization, 12(1), 50-72.
48. Ropers-Huilman, B. (2000). Aren't you satisfied yet? Women faculty member's interpretations of their academic work. New Directions for Institutional Research, 2000(105), 21-32.
49. Santos, G. G., & Cabral-Cardoso, C. (2008). Workfamily culture in academia: A gendered view of work-family conflict and coping strategies. Gender in Management: An International Journal, 23(6), 442-457.
50. Seidman, I. (1998). Interviewing as qualitative research: A guide for researchers in education and the social sciences (2nd ed.). New York: Teachers College Press.
51. Snarey, J. (1993). How fathers care for the next generation: A four decade study. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.
52. Starrels, M. E. (1992). The evolution of workplace family policy research. Journal of Family Issues, 13, 259-278.
53. Thiede, L., & Ganster, D. (1995). Impact of familysupportive work variables on work-family conflict and strain: A control perspective. Journal of Applied Psychology, 80, 6-15.
54. Thompson, C. A., Beauvais, L. L., & Lyness, K. (1999). When work-family benefits are not enough: The influence of work-family culture on benefit utilization, organizational attachment, and work-family conflict. Journal of Vocational Behavior, 54, 392-415.
55. Thompson, L., & Walker, A. J. (1989). Gender in families: Women and men in marriage, work and parenthood. Journal of Marriage and Family, 51(4), 845-871.
56. UIC Provost and Vice Chancellor for Academic Affairs. (2008). Modified duties for faculty members with a new child. Chicago: University of Illinois.
57. University of Kentucky College of Arts and Sciences. (2010). Modified duties attendant to parenthood. Lexington: University of Kentucky.
58. University of Pennsylvania Standing Faculty of Arts and Sciences. (2010). SAS policies and procedures for appointments and promotions. Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania.
59. US Census Bureau. (2010). Facts for features: Father's day centennial: June 20, 2010. Retrieved from http://www.census.gov/newsroom/releases/archives/facts_for_features_special_editions/cb10-ff11.html
60. Van Deusen, F., James, J., Gill, N., & McKechnie, S. (2008). Overcoming the implementation gap: How 20 leading companies are making flexibility work. Boston: Boston College Center for Work & Family.
61. Varner, A. (2000). The consequences and costs of delaying attempted childbirth for women faculty. Department of Labor Studies and Industrial Relations, Penn State University.
62. Ward, K., & Wolf-Wendel, L. (2004). Academic motherhood: Managing complex roles in research universities. Review of Higher Education, 27(2), 233-258.
63. Willard-Holt, C. (1998). Academic and personality characteristics of gifted students with cerebral palsy: A multiple case study. Exceptional Children, 65, 37-50.
64. Williams, J. C. (2000). How the tenure track discriminates against women. Retrieved from http://chronicle.com/article/How-the-Tenure-Track/46312
65. Wolfinger, N., Mason, M., & Goulden, M. (2008). Problems in the pipeline: Gender, marriage, and fertility in the ivory tower. Journal of Higher Education, 79(4), 388-405.