Use of Non-Steroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drugs That Elevate Cardiovascular Risk: An Examination of Sales and Essential Medicines Lists in Low-, Middle-, and High-Income Countries

PLoS Medicine

Volumn 10, Issue 2, 2013, Pages

  McGettigan, Patricia ^a   Henry, David ^b,c,d  

^a QUEEN MARY UNIVERSITY OF LONDON   (United Kingdom)

^b INSTITUTE FOR CLINICAL EVALUATIVE SCIENCES   (Canada)

^c UNIVERSITY OF TORONTO   (Canada)

^d UNIVERSITY OF NEWCASTLE   (Australia)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

ACETYLSALICYLIC ACID; CELECOXIB; DICLOFENAC; ETODOLAC; ETORICOXIB; IBUPROFEN; INDOMETACIN; MEFENAMIC ACID; MELOXICAM; NAPROXEN; NONSTEROID ANTIINFLAMMATORY AGENT; PARACETAMOL; PIROXICAM; PROSTAGLANDIN SYNTHASE INHIBITOR; ROFECOXIB;

ARTICLE; CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASE; CARDIOVASCULAR RISK; COST EFFECTIVENESS ANALYSIS; DRUG EFFICACY; DRUG MARKETING; DRUG MEGADOSE; DRUG SAFETY; HEALTH CARE; HUMAN; META ANALYSIS (TOPIC); OBSERVATIONAL STUDY; RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED TRIAL (TOPIC); RISK FACTOR;

ANTI-INFLAMMATORY AGENTS, NON-STEROIDAL; CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASES; COMMERCE; DEVELOPED COUNTRIES; DEVELOPING COUNTRIES; DRUG COSTS; DRUG INDUSTRY; DRUGS, ESSENTIAL; EVIDENCE-BASED MEDICINE; HUMANS; PATIENT SAFETY; PATIENT SELECTION; PHARMACOPOEIAS AS TOPIC; PHYSICIAN'S PRACTICE PATTERNS; RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED TRIALS AS TOPIC; RISK ASSESSMENT; RISK FACTORS; SAFETY-BASED DRUG WITHDRAWALS;

EID: 84874489375     PISSN: 15491277     EISSN: 15491676     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1371/journal.pmed.1001388     Document Type: Article

References (26)

1. Grosser T, Fries S, FitzGerald GA, (2006) Biological basis for the cardiovascular consequences of Cox 2 inhibition: therapeutic challenges and opportunities. J Clin Invest 116: 4-15.
2. Henry D, Lim L, Garcia Rodriguez L, Perez Gutthann S, Carson JL, et al. (1996) Variability in risk of gastrointestinal complications with individual non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs: results of a collaborative meta-analysis. BMJ 312: 1563-1566.
3. Masso Gonzalez E, Patrignani P, Tacconelli S, Garcia Rodriguez L, (2010) Variability among non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs in risk of upper gastrointestinal bleeding. Arth Rheum 62: 1592-1601.
4. Hernandez-Di{dotless}az S, Varas-Lorenzo, Garci{dotless}a Rodri{dotless}guez L, (2006) Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs and the risk of acute myocardial infarction. Basic Clin Pharmacol Toxicol 98: 266-274.
5. Singh S, Wu O, Langhorne P, Madhok R, (2006) Risk of acute myocardial infarction with non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs: a meta-analysis. Arthritis Res Ther 8: R153.
6. McGettigan P, Henry D, (2006) Cardiovascular risk and inhibition of cyclo-oxygenase: a systematic review of the observational studies of selective anad non-selective inhibitors of cyclo-oxygenase. JAMA 296: 1633-1644.
7. Trelle S, Reichenbach S, Wandel S, Hildebrand P, Tschannen B, et al. (2011) Cardiovascular safety of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs: a network meta-analysis. BMJ 342: c7086.
8. Kearney P, Baigent C, Goodwin J, Halls H, Emberson J, et al. (2006) Do selective cyclo-oxygenase-2 inhibitors and traditional non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs increase the risk of atherothrombosis? Meta-analysis of randomised trials. BMJ 332: 1302-1308.
9. McGettigan P, Henry D, (2011) Cardiovascular risk with non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs: systematic review of population-based controlled observational studies. PLoS Med 8: e1001098 doi:10.1371/journal.pmed.1001098.
10. Scheiman JM, Hindley CE, (2010) Strategies to optimise treatment with NSAIDs in patients at risk for gastrointestinal and cardiovascular adverse events. Clin Ther 32: 667-677.
11. Rostom A, Muir K, Dube C, Lanas A, Jolicoeur E, Tugwell P, (2009) Prevention of NSAID-related upper gastrointestinal toxicity: a meta-analysis of traditional NSAIDs with gastroprotection and cox-2 inhibitors. Drug Healthcare Patient Safety 1: 47-71.
12. Strand V, (2007) Are COX-2 inhibitors preferable to non-selective non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs in patients with risk of cardiovascular events taking low-dose aspirin? Lancet 370: 2138-51.
13. Garcia Rodriguez L, Tacconelli S, Patrignani P, (2008) Role of dose potency in the prediction of risk of myocardial infarction associated with non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs in the general population. J Am Coll Cardiol 52: 1628-1636.
14. Dans A, Ng N, Varghese C, Tai ES, Firestone R, et al. (2011) The rise of chronic non-communicable diseases in Southeast Asia: time for action. Lancet 337: 680-89.
15. World Health Organization (2011) WHO model list of essential medicines 17th List March 2011. Available: http://whqlibdoc.who.int/hq/2011/a95053_eng.pdf. Accessed 12 September 2012.
16. World Health Organization (2012) Essential medicines selection. Available: http://www.who.int/selection_medicines/country_lists/en/index.html. Accessed 12 September 2012.
17. World Health Organization (2010) Fact sheet number 325. Medicines: essential medicines. Available: http://www.who.int/mediacentre/factsheets/fs325/en/index.html. Accessed 4 November 2012.
18. World Health Organization (2012) ATC/DDD Index 2012. Available: http://www.whocc.no/atc_ddd_index/. Accessed 12 September 2012.
19. NHS (2011) Prescription cost analysis England 2011. Available: http://www.ic.nhs.uk/statistics-and-data-collections/primary-care/prescriptions/prescription-cost-analysis-england-2011. Accessed 12 November 2012.
20. Merck (2004) Merck announces voluntary worldwide withdrawal of Vioxx. Available: http://www.merck.com/newsroom/vioxx/pdf/vioxx_press_release_final.pdf. Accessed 12 September 2012.
21. Fosbol EL, Folke F, Jacobsen S, Rasmussen JN, Sørensen R, et al. (2010) Cause-specific cardiovascular risk associated with nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs among healthy individuals. Circ Cardiovasc Qual Outcomes 3: 395-405.
22. Cannon CP, Curtis SP, FitzGerald GA, Krum H, Kaur A, Bolognese JA, et al. (2006) Cardiovascular outcomes with etoricoxib and diclofenac in patients with osteoarthritis and rheumatoid arthritis in the Multinational Etoricoxib and Diclofenac Arthritis Long-term (MEDAL) programme: a randomised comparison. Lancet 368: 1771-1781.
23. World Health Organization (2012) NCD mortality 2008. Available: http://gamapserver.who.int/gho/interactive_charts/ncd/mortality/cvd/atlas.html. Accessed 12 September 2012.
24. Deeks JJ, Smith LA, Bradley MD, (2002) Efficacy, tolerability, and upper gastrointestinal safety of celecoxib for the treatment of osteoarthritis and rheumatoid arthritis: a systematic review of randomised controlled trials. BMJ 325: 619-623.
25. Collins SL, Moore RA, McQuay HJ, Wiffen PJ, (1998) Oral ibuprofen and diclofenac in post-operative pain: a quantitative systematic review. Eur J Pain 2: 285-291.
26. European Medicines Agency (2012) Questions and answers on the review of non-selective non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) and cardiovascular risk: outcome of a procedure under Article 5(3) of Regulation (EC) No 726/20041. Available: http://www.ema.europa.eu/ema/index.jsp?curl=pages/news_and_events/news/2012/10/news_detail_001637.jsp&mid=WC0b01ac058004d5c1. Accessed 11 November 2012.