메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 12, Issue 1, 2013, Pages 31-39

Natural history of addiction in psychotic heroin-addicted patients at their first agonist opioid treatment

Author keywords

natural history of addiction; opioids' antipsychotic effects; substance abuse related psychosis

Indexed keywords

AMPHETAMINE; BENZODIAZEPINE; CANNABINOID; COCAINE; HYPNOTIC AGENT; METHADONE; MORPHINE; OPIATE; PSYCHEDELIC AGENT;

EID: 84874425394     PISSN: 15315754     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1097/ADT.0b013e31824c5d1b     Document Type: Article
Times cited : (13)

References (74)
  • 2
    • 79952272182 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cannabis and the increased incidence and persistence of psychosis
    • Hall W, Degenhardt L. Cannabis and the increased incidence and persistence of psychosis. BMJ. 2011; 342:d719.
    • (2011) BMJ , vol.342
    • Hall, W.1    Degenhardt, L.2
  • 3
    • 77955054913 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Does dopamine mediate the psychosis-inducing effects of cannabis? A review and integration of findings across disciplines
    • Kuepper R, Morrison PD, van Os J, et al. Does dopamine mediate the psychosis-inducing effects of cannabis? A review and integration of findings across disciplines. Schizophr Res. 2010;121:107-117.
    • (2010) Schizophr Res , vol.121 , pp. 107-117
    • Kuepper, R.1    Morrison, P.D.2    Van Os, J.3
  • 5
    • 79956040605 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Comparisons of methamphetamine psychotic and schizophrenic symptoms: A differential item functioning analysis
    • Srisurapanont M, Arunpongpaisal S, Wada K, et al. Comparisons of methamphetamine psychotic and schizophrenic symptoms: a differential item functioning analysis. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry. 2011.
    • (2011) Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry
    • Srisurapanont, M.1    Arunpongpaisal, S.2    Wada, K.3
  • 6
    • 78649860758 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Methamphetamine dependence: Consequences and complications
    • Karila L, Petit A, Cottencin O, et al. Methamphetamine dependence: consequences and complications. Presse Med. 2010;39:1246-1253.
    • (2010) Presse Med , vol.39 , pp. 1246-1253
    • Karila, L.1    Petit, A.2    Cottencin, O.3
  • 8
    • 31644446106 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Risk factors for experiencing psychosis during cocaine use: A preliminary report
    • DOI 10.1016/j.jpsychires.2005.05.001, PII S0022395605000610
    • Floyd AG, Boutros NN, Struve FA, et al. Risk factors for experiencing psychosis during cocaine use: a preliminary report. J Psychiatr Res. 2006;40:178-182. (Pubitemid 43172880)
    • (2006) Journal of Psychiatric Research , vol.40 , Issue.2 , pp. 178-182
    • Floyd, A.G.1    Boutros, N.N.2    Struve, F.A.3    Wolf, E.4    Oliwa, G.M.5
  • 9
    • 33845346841 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • An evaluation of phencyclidine (PCP) psychosis: A retrospective analysis at a state facility
    • DOI 10.1080/00952990600920177, PII R120482361382771
    • Carls KA, Ruehter VL. An evaluation of phencyclidine (PCP) psychosis: a retrospective analysis at a state facility. Am J Drug Alcohol Abuse. 2006;32:673-678. (Pubitemid 44871006)
    • (2006) American Journal of Drug and Alcohol Abuse , vol.32 , Issue.4 , pp. 673-678
    • Carls, K.A.1    Ruehter, V.L.2
  • 10
    • 64149123500 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Prevalence of psychotic symptoms in substance users: A comparison across substances
    • Smith MJ, Thirthalli J, Abdallah AB, et al. Prevalence of psychotic symptoms in substance users: a comparison across substances. Compr Psychiatry. 2009;50:245-250.
    • (2009) Compr Psychiatry , vol.50 , pp. 245-250
    • Smith, M.J.1    Thirthalli, J.2    Abdallah, A.B.3
  • 13
    • 77957245776 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Brain neurotoxic amyloid-beta peptides: Their potential role in the pathophysiology of depression and as molecular therapeutic targets
    • Pomara N, Sidtis JJ. Brain neurotoxic amyloid-beta peptides: their potential role in the pathophysiology of depression and as molecular therapeutic targets. Br J Pharmacol. 2010;161:768-770.
    • (2010) Br J Pharmacol , vol.161 , pp. 768-770
    • Pomara, N.1    Sidtis, J.J.2
  • 14
    • 58149145632 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Psychotherapeutic benefits of opioid agonist therapy
    • Tenore PL. Psychotherapeutic benefits of opioid agonist therapy. J Addict Dis. 2008;27:49-65.
    • (2008) J Addict Dis , vol.27 , pp. 49-65
    • Tenore, P.L.1
  • 15
    • 0021444093 scopus 로고
    • Endorphins in psychiatry
    • Emrich HM. Endorphins in psychiatry. Psychiatr Dev. 1984;2:97-114.
    • (1984) Psychiatr Dev , vol.2 , pp. 97-114
    • Emrich, H.M.1
  • 16
    • 0032743884 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Treatment augmentation with opiates in severe and refractory major depression
    • Stoll AL, Rueter S. Treatment augmentation with opiates in severe and refractory major depression. Am J Psychiatry. 1999;156:2017.
    • (1999) Am J Psychiatry , vol.156 , pp. 2017
    • Stoll, A.L.1    Rueter, S.2
  • 17
    • 0026071205 scopus 로고
    • Opioid peptides and depression: The neuroendocrine approach
    • Zis AP, Garland JE. Opioid peptides and depression: the neuroendocrine approach. Baillieres Clin Endocrinol Metab. 1991;5:97-117.
    • (1991) Baillieres Clin Endocrinol Metab , vol.5 , pp. 97-117
    • Zis, A.P.1    Garland, J.E.2
  • 19
    • 0029954336 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Buprenorphine for depression: The un-adoptable orphan
    • DOI 10.1016/0006-3223(96)00158-8
    • Callaway E. Buprenorphine for depression: the un-adoptable orphan. Biol Psychiatry. 1996;39: 989-990. (Pubitemid 26191346)
    • (1996) Biological Psychiatry , vol.39 , Issue.12 , pp. 989-990
    • Callaway, E.1
  • 20
    • 80054793356 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Pharmacological characterization of 2-methyl-N-((20-(pyrrolidin-1- ylsulfonyl)biphenyl-4-yl)methyl)propan-1-amine (PF-04455242), a high-affinity antagonist selective for kappa opioid receptors
    • Grimwood S, Lu Y, Schmidt AW, et al. Pharmacological characterization of 2-methyl-N-((20-(pyrrolidin-1-ylsulfonyl)biphenyl-4-yl)methyl)propan-1-amine (PF-04455242), a high-affinity antagonist selective for kappa opioid receptors. J Pharmacol Exp Ther. 2011.
    • (2011) J Pharmacol Exp Ther
    • Grimwood, S.1    Lu, Y.2    Schmidt, A.W.3
  • 22
    • 0018860412 scopus 로고
    • β-Endorphin. Intravenous infusion causes behavioral change in psychiatric inpatients
    • Gerner RH, Catlin DH, Gorelick DA, et al. Betaendorphin. Intravenous infusion causes behavioral change in psychiatric inpatients. Arch Gen Psychiatry. 1980;37:642-647. (Pubitemid 10123996)
    • (1980) Archives of General Psychiatry , vol.37 , Issue.6 , pp. 642-647
    • Gerner, R.H.1    Catlin, D.H.2    Gorelick, D.A.3
  • 23
    • 2342418441 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Use and abuse of opioid analgesics: Potential methods to prevent and deter non-medical consumption of prescription opioids
    • Woolf CJ, Hashmi M. Use and abuse of opioid analgesics: potential methods to prevent and deter non-medical consumption of prescription opioids. Curr Opin Investig Drugs. 2004;5:61-66. (Pubitemid 38559326)
    • (2004) Current Opinion in Investigational Drugs , vol.5 , Issue.1 , pp. 61-66
    • Woolf, C.J.1    Hashmi, M.2
  • 25
    • 0025226205 scopus 로고
    • Comorbidity of mental disorders with alchool and other drug abuse
    • Regier DA, Farmer ME, Rae DS, et al. Comorbidity of mental disorders with alchool and other drug abuse. JAMA. 1990;19:2511-2518.
    • (1990) JAMA , vol.19 , pp. 2511-2518
    • Regier, D.A.1    Farmer, M.E.2    Rae, D.S.3
  • 26
    • 0011755407 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Methadone dose and retention in treatment of heroin addicts with bipolar i disorder comorbidity. Preliminary results
    • Maremmani I, Canoniero S, Pacini M. Methadone dose and retention in treatment of heroin addicts with bipolar I disorder comorbidity. Preliminary results. Heroin Addict Relat Clin Probl. 2000;2: 39-46.
    • (2000) Heroin Addict Relat Clin Probl , vol.2 , pp. 39-46
    • Maremmani, I.1    Canoniero, S.2    Pacini, M.3
  • 27
    • 0020331587 scopus 로고
    • Antimanic, antidepressant, and antipanic effects of opiates: Clinical, neuroanatomical, and biochemical evidence
    • Gold MS, Pottash ALC, Sweeney DR, et al. Antimanic, antidepressant, and antipanic effects of opiate: clinical, neuro-anatomical, and biochemical evidence. Ann N Y Acad Sci. 1982;398:140-150. (Pubitemid 13026043)
    • (1982) Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences , vol.398 , pp. 140-150
    • Gold, M.S.1    Pottash, A.C.2    Sweeney, D.3
  • 29
    • 33646230298 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effectiveness of buprenorphine in double diagnosed patients. Buprenorphine as psychothropic drug
    • Maremmani I, Pacini M, Pani PP. Effectiveness of buprenorphine in double diagnosed patients. Buprenorphine as psychothropic drug. Heroin Addict Relat Clin Probl. 2006;8:31-48.
    • (2006) Heroin Addict Relat Clin Probl , vol.8 , pp. 31-48
    • Maremmani, I.1    Pacini, M.2    Pani, P.P.3
  • 30
    • 33646234993 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Maintenance therapy with opioid agonist for heroin addicted patients. Usefulness in the treatment of comorbid psychiatric diseases
    • Waal H, Haga E, eds Oslo: Cappelen Akademisk Forlag
    • Maremmani I, Pacini M, Lovrecic M, et al. Maintenance therapy with opioid agonist for heroin addicted patients. Usefulness in the treatment of comorbid psychiatric diseases. In: Waal H, Haga E, eds. Maintenance Treatment of Heroin Addiction. Evidence at the Crossroads. Oslo: Cappelen Akademisk Forlag. 2003;221-233.
    • (2003) Maintenance Treatment of Heroin Addiction. Evidence at the Crossroads , pp. 221-233
    • Maremmani, I.1    Pacini, M.2    Lovrecic, M.3
  • 33
    • 0029951206 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The effectiveness of the combination fluoxetine-naltrexone in bulimia nervosa
    • DOI 10.1016/S0924-9338(96)89902-0
    • Maremmani I, Marini G, Castrogiovanni P, et al. The effectiveness of the combination fluoxetine-naltrexone in bulimia nervosa. Eur Psychiatry. 1996;11: 322-324. (Pubitemid 26354553)
    • (1996) European Psychiatry , vol.11 , Issue.6 , pp. 322-324
    • Maremmani, I.1    Marini, G.2    Castrogiovanni, P.3    Deltito, J.4
  • 34
    • 0020331580 scopus 로고
    • Naloxone and naltrexone in mental illness and tardive dyskinesia
    • Volovka SJ, Anderson B, Koz G. Naloxone and naltrexone in mental illness and tardive dyskinesia. Ann N Y Acad Sci. 1982;398:143-152.
    • (1982) Ann N y Acad Sci , vol.398 , pp. 143-152
    • Volovka, S.J.1    Anderson, B.2    Koz, G.3
  • 35
    • 84874444800 scopus 로고
    • Morphine and morphinomania
    • BellM. Morphine and morphinomania. N Y State Med J. 1911;93:680-682.
    • (1911) N y State Med J , vol.93 , pp. 680-682
    • Bell, M.1
  • 36
    • 0020374728 scopus 로고
    • Changes in locomotor response to beta-endorphin microinfusion during and after opiate abstinence syndrome. A proposal for a model of the onset of mania
    • DOI 10.1016/0165-1781(92)90088-K
    • Schwartz JM, Ksir C, Koob GF, et al. Changes in locomotor response to beta-endorphin microinfusion during and after opiate abstinence syndrome-a proposal for a model of the onset of mania. Psychiatry Res. 1982;7:153-161. (Pubitemid 13240632)
    • (1982) Psychiatry Research , vol.7 , Issue.2 , pp. 153-161
    • Schwartz, J.M.1    Ksir, C.2    Koob, G.F.3    Bloom, F.E.4
  • 37
    • 0011981350 scopus 로고
    • Chronic psychoses and addiction to morphine
    • Pfeffer AZ, Ruble DC. Chronic psychoses and addiction to morphine. Arch Neurol Psychiatry. 1946; 56:655-672.
    • (1946) Arch Neurol Psychiatry , vol.56 , pp. 655-672
    • Pfeffer, A.Z.1    Ruble, D.C.2
  • 38
    • 0003701558 scopus 로고
    • Adolescent opiate addiction: A study of control and addict sujects
    • Gerard DL, Kornetsky C. Adolescent opiate addiction: a study of control and addict sujects. Psychoanal Q. 1955;19:457-486.
    • (1955) Psychoanal Q , vol.19 , pp. 457-486
    • Gerard, D.L.1    Kornetsky, C.2
  • 40
    • 79957453722 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Dual diagnosis and chronology of illness in 1090 treatment seeking Italian heroin dependent patients
    • Maremmani AGI, Dell'Osso L, Pacini M, et al. Dual diagnosis and chronology of illness in 1090 treatment seeking Italian heroin dependent patients. J Addict Dis. 2011;30:123-135.
    • (2011) J Addict Dis , vol.30 , pp. 123-135
    • Maremmani, A.G.I.1    Dell'Osso, L.2    Pacini, M.3
  • 42
  • 44
    • 0012642517 scopus 로고
    • An ego/self theory of substance dependence: A contemporary psychoanalitic perspective
    • Khantzian EJ. An ego/self theory of substance dependence: a contemporary psychoanalitic perspective. Nida Res Monogr. 1980;30:184-191.
    • (1980) Nida Res Monogr , vol.30 , pp. 184-191
    • Khantzian, E.J.1
  • 45
    • 0015778011 scopus 로고
    • The use of methadone as a psychotropic agent
    • McKenna GJ. The use of methadone as a psychotropic agent. Nat Conf Methadone Treat Proc. 1973;5:1317-1324.
    • (1973) Nat Conf Methadone Treat Proc , vol.5 , pp. 1317-1324
    • McKenna, G.J.1
  • 47
  • 48
    • 0018444578 scopus 로고
    • Narchotic antagonists in the treatment of opioid dependence: Review and commentary
    • Resnick RB, Schuyten-Resnick E, Washton A. Narchotic antagonists in the treatment of opioid dependence: review and commentary. Compr Psychiatry. 1979;20:116-125.
    • (1979) Compr Psychiatry , vol.20 , pp. 116-125
    • Resnick, R.B.1    Schuyten-Resnick, E.2    Washton, A.3
  • 49
    • 0030340507 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Opioid addiction and suicidality
    • Krausz M, Degkwitz P, Haasen C, et al. Opioid addiction and suicidality. Crisis. 1996;17:175-181.
    • (1996) Crisis , vol.17 , pp. 175-181
    • Krausz, M.1    Degkwitz, P.2    Haasen, C.3
  • 50
    • 84907119797 scopus 로고
    • Doxepin: A useful adjunct in the treatment of heroin addicts in amethadone program
    • Spensley J. Doxepin: a useful adjunct in the treatment of heroin addicts in amethadone program. Int J Addict. 1976;11:191-197.
    • (1976) Int J Addict , vol.11 , pp. 191-197
    • Spensley, J.1
  • 51
    • 0020261672 scopus 로고
    • A biochemical and neurophysiological comparison or opioids and antipsychotics
    • Clouet DH. A biochemical and neurophysiological comparison of opioids and antipsychotics. Ann N Y Acad Sci. 1982;398:130-139. (Pubitemid 13026042)
    • (1982) Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences , vol.398 , pp. 130-139
    • Clouet, D.H.1
  • 52
    • 30444441986 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Methadone reduces the need for antipsychotic and antimanic agents in heroin addicts hospitalized for manic and/or acute psychotic episodes
    • PaciniM,Maremmani I. Methadone reduces the need for antipsychotic and antimanic agents in heroin addicts hospitalized for manic and/or acute psychotic episodes. Heroin Addict Relat Clin Probl. 2005;7: 43-48. (Pubitemid 43074767)
    • (2005) Heroin Addiction and Related Clinical Problems , vol.7 , Issue.4 , pp. 43-48
    • Pacini, M.1    Maremmani, I.2
  • 53
    • 0018070252 scopus 로고
    • Increase in serum prolactin by exogenous and endogenous opiates: Evidence for antidopamine and antipsychotic effects
    • Gold MS, Redmond DE, Donabedian RK, et al. Increase in serum prolactin by exogenous and endogenous opiates: evidence for antidopamine and antipsychotic effects. Am J Psychiatry. 1978;135: 1415-1416. (Pubitemid 9060017)
    • (1978) American Journal of Psychiatry , vol.135 , Issue.11 , pp. 1415-1416
    • Gold, M.S.1    Redmond Jr., D.E.2    Donabedian, R.K.3
  • 54
    • 79958248141 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Do methadone and buprenorphine have the same impact on psychopathological symptoms of heroin addicts?
    • Maremmani AGI, Rovai L, Pani PP, et al. Do methadone and buprenorphine have the same impact on psychopathological symptoms of heroin addicts? Ann Gen Psychiatry. 2011;10:17.
    • (2011) Ann Gen Psychiatry , vol.10 , pp. 17
    • Maremmani, A.G.I.1    Rovai, L.2    Pani, P.P.3
  • 55
    • 35248870244 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Substance use and quality of life over 12 months among buprenorphine maintenance-treated and methadone maintenance-treated heroin-addicted patients
    • DOI 10.1016/j.jsat.2006.11.009, PII S0740547206003692
    • Maremmani I, Pani PP, Pacini M, et al. Substance use and quality of life over 12 months among buprenorphine maintenance-treated and methadone maintenance-treated heroin-addicted patients. J Subst Abuse Treat. 2007;33:91-98. (Pubitemid 350198612)
    • (2007) Journal of Substance Abuse Treatment , vol.33 , Issue.1 , pp. 91-98
    • Maremmani, I.1    Pani, P.P.2    Pacini, M.3    Perugi, G.4
  • 56
    • 38749127628 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The mental status of 1090 heroin addicts at entry into treatment: Should depression be considered a dual diagnosis"?
    • Maremmani I, Pacini M, Pani PP, et al. The mental status of 1090 heroin addicts at entry into treatment: should depression be considered a "dual diagnosis"? Ann Gen Psychiatry. 2007;6:31.
    • (2007) Ann Gen Psychiatry , vol.6 , pp. 31
    • Maremmani, I.1    Pacini, M.2    Pani, P.P.3
  • 57
    • 77950673943 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Subtyping patients with heroin addiction at treatment entry: Factors derived fron the SCL-90
    • Maremmani I, Pani PP, Pacini M, et al. Subtyping patients with heroin addiction at treatment entry: factors derived fron the SCL-90. Ann Gen Psychiatry. 2010;9:15.
    • (2010) Ann Gen Psychiatry , vol.9 , pp. 15
    • Maremmani, I.1    Pani, P.P.2    Pacini, M.3
  • 59
    • 79957455813 scopus 로고
    • Psychoactive substance abuse
    • Flaherty JA, et al, ed San Mateo, CA: Appleton & Lange
    • Lahmeyer HW, Channon RA, Schlemmer FJ. Psychoactive substance abuse. In: Flaherty JA, et al, ed. Psychiatry. Diagnosis & Therapy. San Mateo, CA: Appleton & Lange. 1988;182-199.
    • (1988) Psychiatry. Diagnosis & Therapy , pp. 182-199
    • Lahmeyer, H.W.1    Channon, R.A.2    Schlemmer, F.J.3
  • 60
    • 17644374100 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The neural basis of addiction: A pathology of motivation and choice
    • DOI 10.1176/appi.ajp.162.8.1403
    • Kalivas PW, Volkow ND. The neural basis of addiction: a pathology of motivation and choice. Am J Psychiatry. 2005;162:1403-1413. (Pubitemid 41105554)
    • (2005) American Journal of Psychiatry , vol.162 , Issue.8 , pp. 1403-1413
    • Kalivas, P.W.1    Volkow, N.D.2
  • 63
    • 0018772844 scopus 로고
    • Rapid opiate detoxification: Clinical evidence of antidepressant and antipanic effects of opiates
    • Gold MS, Pottash AC, Sweeney DR, et al. Rapid opiate detoxification: clinical evidence of antidepressant and antpanic effects of opiates. Am J Psychiatry. 1979;982-983. (Pubitemid 9201228)
    • (1979) American Journal of Psychiatry , vol.136 , Issue.7 , pp. 982-983
    • Gold, M.S.1    Pottash, A.L.C.2    Sweeney, D.R.3
  • 64
    • 0020331574 scopus 로고
    • Methadone and opiate drugs: Psychotropic effect and self-medication
    • McKenna GJ. Methadone and opiate drugs: psychotropic effects and self medication. Ann N Y Acad Sci. 1982;398:44-55. (Pubitemid 13026031)
    • (1982) Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences , vol.398 , pp. 44-55
    • McKenna, G.J.1
  • 66
    • 78650246468 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effect of psychiatric severity on the outcome of methadone maintenance treatment
    • Pani PP, Maremmani I, Pacini M, et al. Effect of psychiatric severity on the outcome of methadone maintenance treatment. Eur Addict Res. 2011;17: 80-89.
    • (2011) Eur Addict Res , vol.17 , pp. 80-89
    • Pani, P.P.1    Maremmani, I.2    Pacini, M.3
  • 69
    • 41649115813 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Improvement of quality of life in heroin addicts: Differences between methadone and buprenorphine treatment
    • Maremmani I, Pani PP, Popovic D, et al. Improvement of quality of life in heroin addicts: differences between methadone and buprenorphine treatment. Heroin Addict Relat Clin Probl. 2008;10:41-48.
    • (2008) Heroin Addict Relat Clin Probl , vol.10 , pp. 41-48
    • Maremmani, I.1    Pani, P.P.2    Popovic, D.3
  • 70
    • 0342314528 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Buprenorphine: A controlled clinical trial in the treatment of opioid dependence
    • DOI 10.1016/S0376-8716(99)00140-4, PII S0376871699001404
    • Pani PP, Maremmani I, Pirastu R, et al. Buprenorphine: a controlled clinical trial in the treatment of opioid dependence. Drug Alcohol Depend. 2000;60: 39-50. (Pubitemid 30255984)
    • (2000) Drug and Alcohol Dependence , vol.60 , Issue.1 , pp. 39-50
    • Pani, P.P.1    Maremmani, I.2    Pirastu, R.3    Tagliamonte, A.4    Gessa, G.L.5
  • 71
    • 33645763132 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Psychiatric severity and treatment response in methadone maintenance treatment programmes: New evidence
    • Pani PP, Trogu E, Carboni G, et al. Psychiatric severity and treatment response in methadone maintenance treatment programmes: new evidence. Heroin Addict Relat Clin Probl. 2003;5:22-36.
    • (2003) Heroin Addict Relat Clin Probl , vol.5 , pp. 22-36
    • Pani, P.P.1    Trogu, E.2    Carboni, G.3
  • 72
    • 75149185389 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Use of street methadone in italian heroin addicts presenting for opioid agonist treatment
    • Maremmani I, Pacini M, Pani PP, et al. Use of street methadone in italian heroin addicts presenting for opioid agonist treatment. J Addict Dis. 2009;28: 382-388.
    • (2009) J Addict Dis , vol.28 , pp. 382-388
    • Maremmani, I.1    Pacini, M.2    Pani, P.P.3
  • 73
    • 0022352989 scopus 로고
    • The self medication hypothesis of addictive disorders: Focus on heroin and cocaine dependence
    • Khantzian EJ. The self-medicatio hypothesis of addictive disorders: focus on heroin and cocaine dependence. Am J Psychiatry. 1985;142:1259-1264. (Pubitemid 16216560)
    • (1985) American Journal of Psychiatry , vol.142 , Issue.11 , pp. 1259-1264
    • Khantzian, E.J.1
  • 74
    • 17644368150 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Alcohol, benzodiazepines and other drugs use in heroin addicts treated with methadone. Polyabuse or undermedication?
    • Maremmani I, Shinderman MS. Alcohol, benzodiazepines and other drugs use in heroin addicts treated with methadone. Polyabuse or undermedication? Heroin Addict Relat Clin Probl. 1999;1: 7-13.
    • (1999) Heroin Addict Relat Clin Probl , vol.1 , pp. 7-13
    • Maremmani, I.1    Shinderman, M.S.2


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.