Globalisation and challenges for the maritime Arctic

The World Ocean In Globalisation: Climate Change, Sustainable Fisheries, Biodiversity, Shipping, Regional Issues

Volumn , Issue , 2011, Pages 305-320

  Brigham, Brigham ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF ALASKA FAIRBANKS   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

EID: 84874385799     PISSN: None     EISSN: None     Source Type: Book    
DOI: 10.1163/9789004204225     Document Type: Chapter

References (17)

1. The Arctic Council is an intergovernmental forum established by the Ottawa Declaration of 19 September 1996 of the eight Arctic states (Canada, Denmark-Greenland-Faroe Islands, Finland, Iceland, Norway, Sweden, Russia and the United States).
2. Norilsk Nickel website available at .
3. Cairn, Greenland operations update available at .
4. 'A Shortcut through the Arctic Ocean', Blue Line Beluga Magazine, Issue 2, 2009, pp. 10-12.
5. 'Sovcomflot Group and China National Petroleum Corporation become Strategic Partners', Sovcomflot press release, 22 November 2010.
6. 'Russia, Finland to Build Icebreakers for Arctic region', The Voice of Russia, 22 December 2010. Noted in the article is the long-term cooperation between Russia and Finland in the construction of Arctic ships.
7. 'BP and Rosneft to Swap Stakes: British and Russian Oil Giant also Agree to Jointly Explore and Develop Arctic', Wall Street Journal, 15-16 January 2011, p. B1.
8. The agreement is to ex plore the south Kara Sea in the Russian Arctic, one of largest untapped oil and gas reserves in the world.
9. 'Arctic Sea Ice Extent is Third Lowest on Record', NASA, 6 October 2009, available at .
10. Regarding findings related to Arctic sea ice, see: Arctic Council, Arctic Marine Shipping Assessment 2009 Report, available at , p. 35.
11. The Reykjavik Declaration, 4th Arctic Council Ministerial Meeting, 24 November 2004.
12. Arctic Council, Arctic Marine Shipping Assessment Report.
13. Arctic Council, Arctic Marine Shipping Assessment Report, p. 72.
14. The five Arctic Ocean coastal states (Canada, Denmark-Greenland-Faeroe Islands, Norway, Russia and the United States) met in Illulissat, Greenland, for an Arctic Ocean Conference, 27- 29 May 2008. The Illulissat Declaration was one outcome of this meeting.
15. Arctic Council, Arctic Marine Shipping Assessment Report, p. 93.
16. L.W. Brigham, 'Think Again: The Arctic', Foreign Policy, September-October, 2010, p. 74.
17. Considering a Roadmap Forward: the Arctic Marine Shipping Assessment, University of Alaska Geography Program Arctic Policy Report No. 1, 2010, available at .