Comparison of polarimetric signatures of hail at S and C bands for different hail sizes

Atmospheric Research

Volumn 123, Issue , 2013, Pages 323-336

  Kaltenboeck, Rudolf ^a,b,c   Ryzhkov, Alexander ^c,d  

^a Austrocontrol Aviation Weather Service   (Austria)

^b UNIVERSITY OF INNSBRUCK   (Austria)

^c UNIVERSITY OF OKLAHOMA   (United States)

^d NATIONAL SEVERE STORMS LABORATORY   (United States)

Author keywords

Comparison C band and S band; Dual polarized weather radar; Hail; Hail size; Polarimetric signatures; Thunderstorm

Indexed keywords

AUSTRIA; C-BANDS; CROSS-CORRELATION COEFFICIENT; DIFFERENTIAL REFLECTIVITY; DUAL-POLARIZED; FREEZING LEVELS; HAIL DETECTION; OKLAHOMA; POLARIMETRIC DATA; POLARIMETRIC RADARS; POLARIMETRIC SIGNATURES; RADAR REFLECTIVITIES; RADAR RESOLUTION; RESONANCE SCATTERING; VERTICAL PROFILE;

FREEZING; METEOROLOGICAL RADAR; POLARIMETERS; RADAR MEASUREMENT; REFLECTION; THUNDERSTORMS;

PRECIPITATION (METEOROLOGY);

ALGORITHM; HAIL; RADAR; THUNDERSTORM; VERTICAL PROFILE;

AUSTRIA; OKLAHOMA [UNITED STATES]; UNITED STATES;

EID: 84874368095     PISSN: 01698095     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.atmosres.2012.05.013     Document Type: Article

References (47)

1. Alberoni P.P., Zrnić D.S., Ryzhkov A.V., Guerrieri L. Use of a fuzzy logic classification scheme with a C-band polarimetric radar: first results. Proceedings of ERAD 2002, 324-327.
2. Amburn S.A., Wolf P.L. VIL density as a hail indicator. Weather Forecast. 1997, 12:473-478.
3. Anderson M., Carey L., Petersen W., Knupp K. C-band dual-polarimetric radar signatures of hail. National Weather Association. Electron. J. Oper. Meteorol. 2011, 12(2):1-30.
4. Aydin K., Seliga T., Balaji V. Remote sensing of hail with a dual linear polarization radar. J. Clim. Appl. Meteorol. 1986, 25:1475-1484.
5. Balakrishnan N., Zrnić D.S. Estimation of rain and hail rates in mixed-phase precipitation. J. Atmos. Sci. 1990, 47:565-583.
6. Boodoo S., Hudak D., Leduc M., Ryzhkov A., Donaldson N., Hassan D. Hail detection with a C-band dual polarization radar in the Canadian Great Lakes region. Amer. Meteor. Soc. 2009, Williamsburg, VA.
7. Borowska L., Ryzhkov A.V., Zrnić D.S., Simmer C., Palmer R. Attenuation and differential attenuation of the 5-cm wavelength radiation in melting hail. J. Appl. Meteorol. Climatol. 2011, 50:59-76.
8. Bringi V., Chandrasekar V. Polarimetric doppler weather radar. Principles and Applications 2001, Cambridge University Press, 636 pp.
9. Bringi V., Chandrasekar V., Balakrishnan N., Zrnić D.S. An examination of propagation effects in rainfall on polarimetric variables at microwave frequencies. J. Atmos. Oceanic Technol. 1990, 7:829-840.
10. Delobbe L., Holleman I. Uncertainties in radar echo top heights used for hail detection. Meteorol. Appl. 2006, 13:361-374.
11. DR) polarimetric radar hail indicator. J. Appl. Meteorol. Climatol. 2007, 46:1290-1301.
12. Dotzek N., Friedrich K. Downburst-producing thunderstorms in southern Germany: radar analysis and predictability. Atmos. Res. 2009, 93:457-473.
13. Edwards R., Thompson R. Nationwide comparisons of hail size with WSR-88D vertically integrated liquid water and derived thermodynamic sounding data. Weather Forecast. 1998, 13:277-285.
14. Féral L., Sauvageot H., Soula S. Hail detection using S and C-band radar reflectivity difference. J. Atmos. Oceanic Technol. 2003, 20:233-248.
15. Fraile R., Castro A., Sánchez J., Marcos J., López L. Noteworthy C-band radar parameters of storms on hail days in northwestern Spain. Atmos. Res. 2001, 59-60:41-61.
16. Gourley J., Tabary P., Parent du Chatelet J. A fuzzy logic algorithm for the separation of precipitating from nonprecipitating echoes using polarimetric radar observations. J. Atmos. Oceanic Technol. 2007, 24:1439-1451.
17. Gu Ji-Young, Ryzhkov A., Zhang P., Neilley P., Knight M., Wolf B., Lee Dong-In Polarimetric attenuation correction in heavy rain at C band. J. Appl. Meteorol. Climatol. 2011, 50:39-58.
18. Heinselman P.L., Ryzhkov A.V. Validation of polarimetric hail detection. Weather Forecast. 2006, 21:839-850.
19. Joe P., Burgess D., Potts R., Keenan T., Stumpf G., Treloar A. The S2K severe weather detection algorithm and their performance. Weather Forecast. 2004, 19:43-63.
20. Kaltenboeck R. The outbreak of severe storms along convergence lines northeast of the Alps. Case study of the 3 August 2001 mesoscale convective system with a pronounced bow echo. Atmos. Res. 2004, 70:55-75.
21. Kaltenboeck R. Nowcasting of thunderstorms using mesoscale modified low level wind in Austria. WMO's Word Weather Research Programme Symposium on Nowcasting and Very Short Range Forecasting, CD-Rom, Meteo-France, Toulouse, France 2005, Available at http://www.meteo.fr/cic/wsn05/DVD/posters/Kaltenbock-2.16/Poster-Kaltenbock-2.16.jpg.
22. Kaltenboeck R., Ryzhkov A. Severe hail size discrimination using dual-polarized weather radar data. A dual-wavelength comparison between C and S band. Extended Abstracts, 6th European Conference on Severe Storms, Palma de Mallorca, Spain 2011, available online at: http://essl.org/ECSS/2011/programme/abstracts/168.pdf or http://essl.org/ECSS/2011/programme/presentations/168.pdf.
23. Kaltenboeck R., Kerschbaum M., Pistotnik G., Pöttschacher W., Ratheiser M., Svabik O. Orographic influences on a tornadic supercell formation over Vienna-Austria. Abstract, 3rd European Conference on Severe Storms, Leon, Spain 2004.
24. Kumjian M.R., Ryzhkov A.V. Polarimetric signatures in supercell thunderstorms. J. Appl. Meteorol. Climatol. 2008, 47:1940-1961.
25. Kumjian M.R., Ryzhkov A.V. Storm-relative helicity revealed from polarimetric radar observations. J. Atmos. Sci. 2009, 66:667-685.
26. Kumjian M., Picca J., Ganson S., Ryzhkov A., Krause A., Zrnić D., Khain A. Polarimetric radar characteristics of large hail. Amer. Meteor. Soc. 2010, 11.2.
27. López L., Sánchez J. Discriminant methods for radar detection of hail. Atmos. Res. 2009, 93:358-368.
28. Marzano F., Scaranari D., Celano M., Alberoni P., Vulpani G., Montopoli M. Hydrometeor classification from dual-polarized weather radar: extending fuzzy logic from S-band to C-band data. Adv. Geosci. 2006, 7:109-114.
29. Moisseev D., Lim S., Chandrasekar V., Pohjola H. Refining and validating radar based hail identification by using Helsinki Testbed observations. 35th Conf. Radar Meteorol., 15A1, Pittsburgh, PA 2011, Available online at http://ams.confex.com/ams/35Radar/webprogram/Paper192014.html.
30. NOAA-SPC NOAA's National Weather Service - Storm Prediction Center - Storm Reports Available online at. http://www.spc.noaa.gov/climo/.
31. Park H., Ryzhkov A., Zrnić D., Kim K. The hydrometeor classification algorithm for the polarimetric WSR-88D: description and application to an MCS. Weather Forecast. 2009, 24:730-748.
32. Payne C., Van Den Broeke C., Lemon L., Schlatter P. Polarimetric radar characteristics of a supercell hailstorm on 10 May 2010 in central Oklahoma. Amer. Meteor. Soc. 2010, 8.7.
33. Picca J., Ryzhkov A. A dual-wavelength polarimetric analysis of the 16 May 2010 Oklahoma City extreme hailstorm. Mon. Weather Rev. 2012, 140:1385-1403.
34. Pistotnik G., Kaltenboeck R. On the difficulties of separating tornadic damages from down-burst damages of fast-moving storms: case study of a high-impact event in Austria. 6th European Conference on Severe Storms, Palma de Mallorca, Spain 2011.
35. Rasmussen R.M., Heymsfield A.J. Melting and shedding of graupel and hail. Part I: model physics. J. Atmos. Sci. 1987, 44:2754-2763.
36. Ryzhkov A., Schuur T., Burgess D., Zrnić D. Polarimetric tornado detection. J. Appl. Meteorol. 2005, 44:557-570.
37. Ryzhkov A., Schuur T., Burgess D., Heinselman P., Giangrande S., Zrnić D. The joint polarization experiment: polarimetric rainfall measurements and hydrometeor classification. Bull. Am. Meteorol. Soc. 2005, 86:809-824.
38. Ryzhkov A., Ganson S., Khain A., Pinsky M., Pokrovsky A. Polarimetric characteristics of melting hail at S and C bands. Amer. Meteor. Soc. 2009, Williamsburg, VA.
39. Ryzhkov A., Pinsky M., Pokrovsky A., Khain A. Polarimetric radar observation operator for a cloud model with spectral microphysics. J. Appl. Meteorol. Climatol. 2011, 50:873-894.
40. Scharfenberg K.A., Miller D., Schuur T., Schlatter P., Giangrande S., Melnikov V., Burgess D., Andra D., Foster M., Krause J. The joint polarization experiment: polarimetric radar in forecasting and warning decision-making. Weather Forecast. 2005, 20:775-788.
41. Straka J., Zrnić D., Ryzhkov A. Bulk hydrometeor classification and quantification using polarimetric radar data: synthesis of relations. J. Appl. Meteorol. 2000, 39:1341-1372.
42. Tabary P., Vulpiani G., Gourley J., Illingworth A., Thompson R., Bousquet O. Unusually high differential attenuation at C-band: results from a two-year analysis of the French Trappes polarimetric radar data. J. Appl. Meteorol. 2009, 48:2037-2053.
43. Tabary P., Fradon B., Illingworth A.J., Vulpiani G. Hail detection and quantification with a C-band polarimetric radar: challenges and promises. 34th Conference on Radar Meteorology 2009, Williamsburg, VA.
44. Tabary P., Berthet C., Dupuy P., Figueras i Ventura J., Fradon B., Georgis J., Hogan R., Kabeche F., Wasselin J. Hail detection and quantification with C-band polarimetric radars: results from a two-year objective comparison against hailpads in the south of France. Proceedings, 6th European Conf. on Radar in Meteorology and Hydrology, Sibiu, Romania 2010.
45. Waldvogel A., Federer B., Grimm P. Criteria for the detection of hail cells. J. Appl. Meteorol. 1979, 18:1521-1525.
46. Witt A., Eilts M., Stumpf G., Johnson J., Mitchell E., Thomas K. An enhanced hail detection algorithm of the WSR-88D. Weather Forecast. 1998, 13:286-303.
47. Zrnić D.S., Zhang G., Melnikov V., Andric J. Three-body scattering and hail size. J. Appl. Meteorol. Climatol. 2010, 49:687-700.