Thermal stress and strain of solar cells in photovoltaic modules

Advanced Structured Materials

Volumn 15, Issue , 2011, Pages 453-468

  Eitner, Ulrich ^a   Kajari Schröder, Sarah ^a   Köntges, Marc ^a   Altenbach, Holm ^b  

^a INSTITUTE FOR SOLAR ENERGY RESEARCH HAMELIN ISFH   (Germany)

^b MARTIN LUTHER UNIVERSITY HALLE WITTENBERG   (Germany)

Author keywords

Photovoltaic; Solar cell; Thermal stress

Indexed keywords

EID: 84874289801     PISSN: 18698433     EISSN: 18698441     Source Type: Book Series    
DOI: 10.1007/978-3-642-21855-2_29     Document Type: Article

References (21)

1. Iec 61215:2005, crystalline silicon terrestrial photovoltaic (pv) modules design qualification and type approval. international electrochemical commission, 2005.
2. Althaus, J.: Quality assurance for pv modules: experience from type approval testing. Photovoltaics International 3, 120-127 (2009)
3. Brueckner, R.: Materials Science and Technology: A Comprehensive Treatment, Vol. 9, Glasses and Amorphous Materials, chap. Mechanical properties of Glasses. Wiley-VCH (1991).
4. Ehrenstein, G.: Polymer-Werkstoffe. Struktur Eigenschaften Anwendung. Hanser Fachbuch (1999).
5. Eitner, U., Altermatt, P.P., Kon̈tges, M., Meyer, R., Brendel, R: A modeling approach to the optimization of interconnects for back contact cells by thermomechanical simulations of photovoltaic modules. In: Proceedings of the 23rd European Photovoltaic Solar Energy Conference, pp. 2815-2817. Valencia (2008)
6. Eitner, U., Kajari-Schröder, S., Köntges, M., Brendel R.,: Non-linear mechanical properties of ethylene-vinyl acetate (eva) and its relevance to thermomechanics of photovoltaic modules. In: Proceedings of the 25th European Photovoltaic Solar Energy Conference, pp. 4366-4368. Valencia (2010)
7. Eitner, U., K̈ontges, M., Brendel, R.: Measuring thermomechanical displacements of solar cells in laminates using digital image correlation. In: Proceedings of the 34th IEEE PVSC, pp. 1280-1284. Philadelphia (2009)
8. Eitner, U., Köntges, M., Brendel, R.: Use of digital image correlation technique to determine thermomechanical deformations in photovoltaic laminates:Measurements and accuracy. Solar Energy Materials and Solar Cells 94(8), 1346-1351 (2010).
9. Ferry, J.D.: Viscoelastic Properties of Polymers. Wiley (1980).
10. Greenwood, J.C.: Silicon in mechanical sensors. Journal of Physics E: Scientific Instruments 21(12), 1114-1128 (1988).
11. Häberlin, H.: Photovoltaik: Strom aus Sonnenlicht für Verbundnetz und Inselanlagen. Electrosuisse (2010)
12. de Jong, P.: Achievements and challenges in crystalline silicon back-contact module technology. Photovoltaics International 7, 138-144 (2010)
13. Kempe, M.: Design criteria for photovoltaic back-sheet and front-sheet materials. Photovoltaics International 2, 100-104 (2008)
14. Kempe, M.: Evaluation of encapsulant materials for pv applications. Photovoltaics International 9, 170-176 (2010)
15. Lyon, K.G., Salinger, G.L., Swenson, C.A., White, G.K.: Linear thermal expansion measurements on silicon from 6 to 340 k. Journal of Applied Physics 48(3), 865-868 (1977).
16. th European Photovoltaic Solar Energy Conference, pp. 3740-3744. Valencia (2010)
17. Osterwald, C.R., McMahon, T.J.: History of accelerated and qualification testing of terrestrial photovoltaic modules: A literature review. Progress in Photovoltaics: Research and Applications 17, 11-33 (2009).
18. Roberts, R.B.: Thermal expansion reference data: silicon 300-850 k. Journal of Physics D: Applied Physics 14(10), L163-L166 (1981).
19. Tschoegl, N.W.: The Phenomenological Theory of Linear Viscoelastic Behavior: An Introduction. Springer (1989).
20. Williams, M.L., Landel, R.F., Ferry, J.D.: The temperature dependence of relaxation mechanisms in amorphous polymers and other glass-forming liquids. Journal of the American Chemical Society 77, 3701-3707 (1955).
21. Wohlgemuth, J., Petersen, R.: Reliability of eva modules. In: Proceedings of the 23rd IEEE PVSC, pp. 1090-1094 (1993).