Motion analysis of front crawl swimming applying CAST technique by means of automatic tracking

Journal of Sports Sciences

Volumn 31, Issue 3, 2013, Pages 276-287

  Ceccon, Stefano ^a,c   Ceseracciu, Elena ^a   Sawacha, Zimi ^a   Gatta, Giorgio ^b   Cortesi, Matteo ^b   Cobelli, Claudio ^a   Fantozzi, Silvia ^b  

^a UNIVERSITY OF PADOVA   (Italy)

^b UNIVERSITY OF BOLOGNA   (Italy)

^c BRUNEL UNIVERSITY   (United Kingdom)

Author keywords

automatic tracking; biomechanics; calibrated anatomical systems technique; swim; three dimensional joint kinematics

Indexed keywords

ADULT; ARTICLE; BIOMECHANICS; ELBOW; HUMAN; JOINT; JOINT CHARACTERISTICS AND FUNCTIONS; MOVEMENT (PHYSIOLOGY); SHOULDER; SWIMMING; TASK PERFORMANCE; VIDEORECORDING;

ADULT; BIOMECHANICS; ELBOW; HUMANS; JOINTS; MOVEMENT; RANGE OF MOTION, ARTICULAR; SHOULDER; SWIMMING; TASK PERFORMANCE AND ANALYSIS; VIDEO RECORDING;

MLCS; MLOWN;

EID: 84874248758     PISSN: 02640414     EISSN: 1466447X     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1080/02640414.2012.729134     Document Type: Article

References (38)

1. Arun, K.S., Huang, T.S. and Blostein, S. 1987. Least-squares fitting of two 3-D point sets. IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence, 9(5): 698-700.
2. Barden, J.M. and Kell, R.T. 2009. Relationships between stroke parameters and critical swimming speed in a sprint interval training set. Journal of Sports Sciences, 27: 227-235.
3. Bouguet, J.Y. 2008. Camera calibration toolbox for Matlab [Online]. Retrieved fromhttp://www.vision.caltech.edu/bouguetj/calib_doc/index.html
4. Cappaert, J.M. Biomechanics of swimming analysed by three-dimensional techniques. Biomechanics and medicine in swimming VIII, Proceedings of the VIII International Symposium on Biomechanics and Medicine in Swimming. Edited by: Keskinen, K., Komi, P. and Hollander, A.P. pp.141-145. Jyväskylä: University of Jyväskylä Press.
5. Cappozzo, A., Cappello, A., Della Croce, U. and Pensalfini, F. 1997. Surface-marker cluster design criteria for 3-D bone movement reconstruction. IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Engineering, 44(12): 1165-1174.
6. Cappozzo, A., Catani, F., Della Croce, U. and Leardini, A. 1995. Position and orientation in space of bones during movement: Anatomical frame definition and determination. Clinical Biomechanics, 10(4): 171-178.
7. Cappozzo, A., Catani, F., Della Croce, U., Leardini, A. and Benedetti, M.G. 1996. Position and orientation in space of bones during movement: Experimental artefacts. Clinical Biomechanics, 11(2): 90-100.
8. Chiari, L., Della Croce, U., Leardini, A. and Cappozzo, A. 2005. Human movement analysis using stereophotogrammetry - Part 2: Instrumental errors. Gait and Posture, 21: 197-211.
9. Chollet, D., Chalies, S. and Chatard, J.C. 2000. A new index of coordination for the crawl: Description and usefulness. International Journal of Sports Medicine, 21(1): 54-59.
10. Consilman, J.E. 1973. The science of swimming, Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice-Hall.
11. Craig, A.B. and Pendergast, D.R. 1979. Relationships of stroke rate distance per stroke and velocity in competitive swimming. Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise, 11(3): 278-283.
12. Garofalo, P., Cutti, A.G., Filippi, M.V., Cavazza, S., Ferrari, A., Cappello, A. and Davalli, A. 2009. Inter-operator reliability and prediction bands of a novel protocol to measure the coordinated movements of shoulder-girdle and humerus in clinical settings. Medical & Biological Engineering & Computing, 47: 475-486.
13. Grimston, S.K. and Hay, J.G. 1986. Relationships among anthropometric and stroking characteristics of college swimmers. Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise, 18(1): 60-68.
14. Hartley, R. and Zisserman, A. 2003. Multiple view geometry in computer vision, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
15. Heikkila, J. and Silven, O. A four-step camera calibration procedure with implicit image correction. 1997 IEEE Computer Society Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition. pp.1106-1112. Tokyo: Springer.
16. Hellard, P., Dekerle, J., Avalos, M., Caudal, N., Knopp, M. and Hausswirth, C. 2008. Kinematic measures and stroke rate variability in elite female 200-m swimmers in the four swimming techniques: Athens 2004 Olympic semi-finalists and French National 2004 Championship semi-finalists. Journal of Sport Sciences, 26(1): 35-46.
17. Keskinen, K. and Komi, P.V. 1993. Stroking characteristics of front crawl swimming during exercise. Journal of Applied Biomechanics, 9: 219-223.
18. Lavest, J.M., Rives, G. and Lapresté, J.T. 2003. Dry camera calibration for underwater applications. Machine Vision and Applications, 13(5): 245-253.
19. Leardini, A., Chiari, L., Della Croce, U. and Cappozzo, A. 2005. Human movement analysis using stereophotogrammetry - Part 3. Soft tissue artifact assessment and compensation. Gait & Posture, 2(21): 212-225.
20. Lucas, B.D. and Kanade, T. An iterative image registration technique with an application to stereo vision. International Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence. pp.674-679.
21. Maynard, V., Bakheit, A.M.O., Oldham, J. and Freeman, J. 2003. Intra-rater and inter-rater reliability of gait measurements with CODA mpx30 motion analysis system. Gait & Posture, 17(1): 59-67.
22. McCabe, C. 2008. "Effects of 50m and 400m race paces on three-dimensional kinematics and linear kinetics of sprint and distance front crawl swimmers". In Doctoral thesis, University of Edinburgh. Published: http://hdl.handle.net//1842/3300.
23. McCabe, C.B., Psycharakis, S. and Sanders, R. 2011. Kinematic differences between front crawl sprint and distance swimmers at sprint pace. Journal of Sports Sciences, 29: 115-123.
24. McCabe, C.B. and Sanders, R. 2012. Kinematic differences between front crawl sprint and distance swimmers at a distance pace. Journal of Sports Sciences, 30: 601-608.
25. Pai, Y.C., Hay, J.G. and Wilson, B.D. 1984. Stroking techniques of elite swimmers. Journal of Sports Sciences, 2: 225-239.
26. Payton, C.J., Baltzopoulos, V. and Bartlett, R. 2002. Contributions of rotations of the trunk and upper extremity to hand velocity during front crawl swimming. Journal of Applied Biomechanics, 18: 243-256.
27. Payton, C.J., Bartlett, R.M., Baltzopoulos, V. and Coombs, R. 1999. Upper extremity kinematics and body roll during preferred-side breathing and breath-holding front crawl swimming. Journal of Sports Sciences, 17: 689-695.
28. Pelayo, P., Sidney, M., Kherif, T., Chollet, D. and Tourny, C. 1996. Stroking characteristics in freestyle swimming and relationships with anthropometric characteristics. Journal of Applied Biomechanics, 12: 197-206.
29. Pourcelota, P., Audigiéa, F., Degueurcea, C., Geigerb, D. and Denoixa, J.M. 2000. A method to synchronise cameras using the direct linear transformation technique. Journal of Biomechanics, 33(12)
30. Rouard, A.H. 1989. Effects of speed on the biomechanics of freestyle in swimming. Abstracts of the XII Congress, International Society of Biomechanics; Los Angeles, CA, USA. Journal of Biomechanics, 22(10): 1075
31. Schleihauf, R.-E., Gray, L. and DeRose, J. 1983. "Three dimensional analysis of swimming propulsion in sprint front crawl stroke". In Swimming IV, Edited by: Hollander, A.P., Huijing, P.A. and Groot, G. de. 173-183. Baltimore: University Park Press.
32. Sebera, M., Zvonař, M., Bedřich, L., Charvát, M. and Psalman, V. 2008. SIMI motion: 3D kinetic analysis. Studia Sportiva, 1(1): 26-31.
33. Seifert, L., Chollet, D. and Brady, B.G. 2004. Effect of swimming velocity on arm coordination in the front crawl: A dynamic analysis. Journal of Sports Sciences, 22: 651-660.
34. Siders, W.A., Lukaski, H.C. and Bolonchuk, W.W. 1993. Relationships among swimming performance, body composition and somatotype in competitive collegiate swimmers. The Journal of Sports Medicine and Physical Fitness, 33: 166-171.
35. Tomasi, C. and Kanade, T. 1991. Detection and tracking of point features. Technical Report CMU-CS-91-132, Carnegie Mellon University
36. Van der Helm, F.C., Makhsous, M., Van Roy, P., Anglin, C., Nagels, J., Karduna, A. and Buchholz, B. 2004. ISB recommendation on definitions of joint coordinate systems of various joints for the reporting of human joint motion-Part II: Shoulder, elbow, wrist and hand. Journal of Biomechanics, 38: 981-992.
37. Vezos, N., Gourgoulis, V., Aggeloussis, N., Kasimatis, P., Christoforidis, C. and Mavromatis, G. 2007. Underwater stroke kinematics during breathing and breath-holding front crawl swimming. Journal of Sport Science and Medicine, 6: 58-62.
38. Zhang, Z. Flexible camera calibration by viewing a plane from unknown orientations. Proceedings of the VII International Conference on Computer Vision, IEEE Computer Society. pp.666-673Los Alamitos, CA