Do Feminists Need an Economic Sociology of Law?

Journal of Law and Society

Volumn 40, Issue 1, 2013, Pages 115-136

  Kotiswaran, Prabha ^a  

^a KING'S COLLEGE LONDON   (United Kingdom)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

EID: 84874202333     PISSN: 0263323X     EISSN: 14676478     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1111/j.1467-6478.2013.00615.x     Document Type: Article

References (120)

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2. R. Cotterrell, 'Rethinking "Embeddedness": Law, Economy, Community' in this volume, pp. 49-67.
3. Swedberg, op. cit., n. 1.
4. By this, I mean processes involving the daily labour performed in bearing and raising children, maintaining households, and socially sustaining male labour; such labour is performed predominantly by women.
5. S. Merry, Human Rights and Gender Violence: Translating International Law into Local Justice (2005).
6. J. Halley, P. Kotiswaran, H. Shamir, and C. Thomas 'From the International to the Local in Feminist Legal Responses to Rape, Prostitution/Sex Work, and Sex Trafficking: Four Studies in Contemporary Governance Feminism' (2006) 29 Harvard J. of Law & Gender 335-423.
7. See Martha McCluskey's contributions on WTO law and welfare reform in Feminism Confronts Homo Economicus, eds. M. Fineman and T. Dougherty (2005).
8. V. Zelizer, Economic Lives: how culture shapes the economy (2011) 8.
9. See P. Kotiswaran, Dangerous Sex, Invisible Labor: Sex Work and the Law in India (2011) 57-69.
10. L. Vogel, Woman Questions: Essays for a Materialist Feminism (1995) 54.
11. id., p. 55.
12. M. Mies, Patriarchy and Accumulation on a World Scale: Women in the International Division of Labour (1998);
13. L. Fortunati, The Arcane of Reproduction: Housework, Prostitution, Labor and Capital, tr. H. Creek, ed. J. Fleming (1995);
14. A. Estin, 'Can Families Be Efficient? A Feminist Appraisal' in Fineman and Dougherty, op. cit., n. 7, p. 423.
15. V Zelizer, 'How I Became a Relational Economic Sociologist and What Does That Mean?' (2012) 40 Politics and Society 150.
16. Fineman and Dougherty, op. cit., n. 7.
17. M. Fineman, 'Cracking the Foundational Myths: Independence, Autonomy, and Self-Sufficiency' in Fineman and Dougherty, id., p. 179.
18. id., p. 188.
19. M. Fineman and T. Dougherty, 'Introduction' in id., p. xii.
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21. id., pp. 1508, 1511.
22. Fineman and Dougherty, op. cit., n. 7;
23. M. McCluskey, 'Deconstructing the State-Market Divide: The Rhetoric of Regulation from Workers' Compensation to the World Trade Organization', id., pp. 147-8;
24. J. Halley and K. Rittich, 'Critical Directions in Comparative Family Law: Genealogies and Contemporary Studies of Family Law Exceptionalism - Introduction to the Special Issue on Comparative Family Law' (2010) LVIII Am. J. of Comparative Law 755.
25. Olsen, op. cit., n. 19, p. 1524.
26. id., pp. 1529-30.
27. K Quinn, 'Mommy Dearest: The Focus on the Family in Legal Feminism' (2002) 37 Harvard Civil Rights-Civil Liberties Law Rev. 447.
28. id., p. 450.
29. id., p. 451.
30. L McClain, 'Care as a Public Value: Linking Responsibility, Resources, and Republicanism' (2001) 76 Chicago-Kent Law Rev. 1673-731.
31. M Ertman, 'Commercializing Marriage: A Proposal for Valuing Women's Work Through Premarital Security Agreements' (1998) 77 Texas Law Rev. 17-112.
32. V Schultz, 'Life's Work' (2000) 100 Columbia Law Rev. 1881-964;
33. N. Fraser, 'After the Family Wage: A Postindustrial Thought Experiment' in Justice Interruptus: Critical Reflections on the 'Postsocialist' Condition (1997) 41-66.
34. Quinn, op. cit., n. 24, p. 448.
35. Cooper identifies four problems with the valorization of care as 'normative care', namely, its normalization of 'endogenous' harms, conceptual slippage, discursive abstraction, cultural specificity, and the idealization of existing relationships:
36. D Cooper, '"Well, you go there to get off": Visiting feminist care ethics through a women's bathhouse' (2007) 8 Feminist Theory 243.
37. P Tsoukala, 'Gary Becker, Legal Feminism, and the Costs of Moralizing Care' (2007) 16 Columbia J. of Gender and Law 357, at 383.
38. id., p. 363.
39. id., p. 404.
40. K Franke, 'Theorizing Yes: An Essay on Feminism, Law and Desire' (2001) 101 Columbia Law Rev. 181;
41. M.A. Case, 'How High the Apple Pie? A Few Troubling Questions About Where, Why, and How the Burden of Care for Children Should be Shifted' (2001) 76 Chicago-Kent Law Rev. 1753-86;
42. M McCluskey, 'Caring for Workers' (2003) 55 Maine Law Rev. 314-33.
43. Tsoukala, op. cit., n. 32.
44. McCluskey, op. cit., n. 36.
45. J Halley, 'After Gender: Tools for Progressives in a Shift from Sexual Domination to the Economic Family' (2011) 31 Pace Law Rev. 887.
46. Halley and Rittich, op. cit., n. 21, p. 756.
47. id., p. 758. For a similar move
48. see R. Ellickson, The Household: Informal Order Around the Hearth (2008).
49. Halley, op. cit., n. 40.
50. id., pp. 894-5.
51. M. Ertman, 'The Business of Intimacy: Bridging the Private-Private Distinction' in Fineman and Dougherty, op. cit., n. 7, p. 467;
52. Halley and Rittich, op. cit., n. 21, p. 758.
53. M Valverde, 'The Re-Scaling of Feminist Analyses of Law and State Power: From (Domestic) Subjectivity to (Transnational) Governance Networks' (2013) 3 UC Irvine Law Rev. 1, at 2.
54. Tsoukala, op. cit., n. 32, p. 396.
55. R.H. Mnookin and L. Kornhauser, 'Bargaining in the Shadow of the Law: The Case of Divorce' (1979) 88 Yale Law J. 950-97.
56. K Silbaugh, 'Turning Labor into Love: Housework and the Law' (1996) 91 Northwestern University Law Rev. 1-86.
57. Halley and Rittich, op. cit., n. 21; Case, op. cit., n 36; Franke, op. cit., n. 36.
58. Silbaugh, op. cit., n. 50.
59. Estin, op. cit., n. 13, p. 438.
60. Tsoukala, op. cit., n. 32, p. 383.
61. K. Barry, The Prostitution of Sexuality (1995) 11.
62. In the 'Hostile Worlds' view, intermingling between intimate social relations and monetary transfers produces 'moral contamination and degradation':
63. V Zelizer, 'The Purchase of Intimacy' (2000) 25 Law & Social Inquiry 818. In the 'Nothing But' approach, the purchase of intimacy is reducible to a rationally conducted exchange or an expression of prevailing cultural values or coercion (id.) The 'Differentiated Ties' view is the only one to acknowledge the variety of social relations, each marked by a distinctive pattern of payment which mediate the purchase of intimacy (id., p. 819).
64. Barry, op. cit., n. 55, p. 33.
65. id., p. 57.
66. id., p. 112.
67. M. Radin, Contested Commodities (1996).
68. J. Williams and V. Zelizer, 'To Commodity or Not to Commodify: That Is Not the Question' in Rethinking Commodification Cases and Readings in Law and Culture, eds. M. Ertman and J. Williams (2005) 362, at 368.
69. Tsoukala, op. cit., n. 32, p. 395.
70. Kotiswaran, op. cit., n. 9.
71. M Farley, '"Bad for the Body, Bad for the Heart": Prostitution Harms Women Even if Legalized or Decriminalized' (2004) 10 Violence Against Women 1087, at 1099;
72. S. Jeffreys, The Industrial Vagina: The Political Economy of the Global Sex Trade (2009) 177.
73. J Raymond, 'Prostitution on Demand: Legalizing the Buyers as Sexual Consumers' (2004) 10 Violence Against Women 1156, at 1160.
74. Block, this volume, p. 28.
75. E Bernstein, 'Militarized Humanitarianism Meets Carceral Feminism: The Politics of Sex, Rights, and Freedom in Contemporary Antitrafficking Campaigns' (2010) 36 Signs: J. of Women in Culture and Society 45-71.
76. Estin, op. cit., n. 13, p. 424;
77. Kennedy D.
78. Tsoukala, op. cit., n. 32, p. 361.
79. Fineman and Dougherty, op. cit., n. 7, p. xvi.
80. Estin, op. cit., n. 13, p. 439.
81. Tsoukala, op. cit., n. 32.
82. I offer a rather rudimentary analysis based on feminist economics for sex work: Kotiswaran, op. cit., n. 9, ch. 6.
83. Swedberg, op. cit., n. 1, pp. 2, 12.
84. id., p. 30.
85. id., p. 1.
86. M. Suchman and E. Mertz, 'Toward a New Legal Empiricism: Empirical Legal Studies and New Legal Realism' (2010) 6 Annual Rev. of Law and Social Sci. 555-79, at 564.
87. id., at p. 562.
88. id., at pp. 561-2.
89. K. Bedford and S. Rai, 'Feminists Theorize International Political Economy' (2010) 36 Signs: J. of Women in Culture and Society 1-18.
90. A. Stewart, Gender, Law and Justice in a Global Market (2011) 30.
91. Bedford and Rai, op. cit., n. 79, p. 7.
92. M. Safri and J. Graham, 'The Global Household: Toward a Feminist Postcapitalist International Political Economy' (2010) 36 Signs: J. of Women in Culture and Society 99-125.
93. Y Blank, 'Critical Re-enchantment and the Seduction of Political Theology' (2013) 3 UC Irvine Law Rev. 6-7. Blank here is referring to the critical legal tradition rather than empirical legal work as such.
94. S Merry, 'New Legal Realism and the Ethnography of Transnational Law' (2006) 31 Law and Social Inquiry 977.
95. F Block, 'Relational Work in Market Economies: An Introduction' (2012) 40 Politics and Society 135, at 137.
96. Tsoukala, op. cit., n. 32, p. 410.
97. Cooper, op. cit., n. 31, p. 254.
98. Valverde, op. cit., n. 46.
99. Ellickson, op. cit., n. 42.
100. E. Bernstein, Temporarily Yours, Intimacy, Authenticity and the Commerce of Sex (2007).
101. Kotiswaran, op. cit., n. 9.
102. Tsoukala, op. cit., n. 32, p. 425.
103. G.A. Res. 25, Annex II, UN GAOR, 55th Sess., Supp. No. 49, at 60, UN Doc. A/45/49 (Vol. I) (2001).
104. Transnational Organized Crime, G.A. Res. 53/111, UN GAOR, 53rd Sess., 85th plen. Mtg., UN Doc. A/RES/53/111 (1998).
105. J Chuang, 'Rescuing Trafficking from Ideological Capture: Prostitution Reform and Anti-Trafficking Law and Policy' (2010) 158 University of Pennsylvania Law Rev. 1655;
106. J Hathaway, 'The Human Rights Quagmire of "Human Trafficking"' (2008) 49 Virginia J. of International Law 1-59.
107. UN Office on Drugs and Crime, Issue Paper on Abuse of a Position of Vulnerability and Other 'Means' Within the Definition of Trafficking in Persons (2012).
108. R. Parreñas, Illicit Flirtations: Labor, Migration and Sex Trafficking in Tokyo (2011).
109. id., pp. 51, 56.
110. J. Breman and I. Guérin, 'On Bondage: Old and New' in India's Unfree Workforce: Of Bondage Old and New, eds. J. Breman, I. Guérin, and A. Prakash (2009) 1, at 12.
111. I. Guérin and G. Venkatasubramanian, 'Corridors of Migration and Chains of Dependence: Brick Kiln Moulders in Tamil Nadu' in Breman et al. (eds.), id., p. 188.
112. D Brennan, 'Key Issues in the Resettlement of Formerly Trafficked Persons in the United States' (2010) 158 University of Pennsylvania Law Rev. 1581, at 1600, 1602.
113. M. Rao, 'Why All Non-Altruistic Surrogacy Should Be Banned'Economic & Political Weekly, 26 May 2012;
114. U Smerdon, 'Crossing Bodies, Crossing Borders: International surrogacy between the United States and India' (20082009) 39 Cumberland Law Rev. 15-85.
115. Kim Kraweic's work on ART is an exception: K Kraweic, 'Altruism and Intermediation in the Market for Babies' (2009) 66 Washington & Lee Law Rev. 203-57.
116. Parreñas, op. cit., n. 97, p. 90.
117. Block, this volume, p. 41.
118. Valverde, op. cit., n. 46, p. 8.
119. E Bernstein, 'The Sexual Politics of the "New Abolitionism"' (2007) 18 Differences: J. of Feminist Cultural Studies 128-51.
120. Bedford and Rai, op. cit., n. 79, p. 8, citing Molyneux.