Immunobiology of recurrent miscarriage

Recurrent Pregnancy Loss: Causes, Controversies and Treatment

Volumn , Issue , 2007, Pages 165-179

  Varla Leftherioti, Marighoula ^a  

^a HELENA VENIZELOU HOSPITAL   (Greece)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

EID: 84874109358     PISSN: None     EISSN: None     Source Type: Book    
DOI: None     Document Type: Chapter

References (71)

1. Mc Intyre JA, Coulam CB, Faulk WP. recurrent spontaneous abortion. Am J Reprod Immunol 1989; 21:100–4.
2. Clark DA, Daya S. Trials and tribulation in the treatment of recurrent spontaneous abortion. Am J Reprod Immunol 1991; 25:18–24.
3. Stern JJ, Coulam CB. Current status of immunologic recurrent pregnancy loss. Curr Opin Obstet Gynecol 1993; 5:252–9.
4. Matzner W, Chong P, Xu G, et al. Characterization of antiphospholipid antibodies in women with recurrent spontaneous abortions. J Reprod Immunol 1994; 33:31–9.
5. Gleicher N, el-Roeiy A. The reproductive autoimmune failure syndrome. Am J Obstet Gynecol 1988; 159:223–7.
6. Coulam CB, Branch DW, Clark DA, et al. American Society for Reproductive Immunology: report of the committee for establishing criteria for diagnosis of reproductive autoimmune syndrome. Am J Reprod Immunol 1999; 41:121–32.
7. Coulam CB. The role ofantiphospholipid antibodies in reproduction: questions answered and raised at the 18th Annual Meeting of the American Society of Reproductive Immunology. Am J Reprod Immunol 1999; 41:1–4.
8. Kutteh WH. Antiphospholipid antibodies and reproduction. J Reprod Immunol 1997; 35:151–71.
9. Branch W. Antiphospholipid antibodies and reproductive outcome: the current status of affairs. J Reprod Immunol 1998; 38:75–87.
10. Cullis PR, Hope MJ, Tilcockn CP. Lipid polymorphism and the roles of lipids in membranes. Chem Phys Lipids 1986; 40:127–44.
11. Lockwood CJ, Rand JH. The immunobiology and obstetrical consequences of antiphospholipid antibodies. Obstet Gynecol Surv 1994; 49:432–41.
12. Kuwana M, Matsuura E, Kobayashi K, et al. Binding of p2-glycoprotein I to anionic phospholipids facilitates processing and presentation of a cryptic epitope that activates pathogenic autoreactive T cells. Blood 2005;105:1552–7.
13. Lyden TW, Vogt E, Ng AK, et al. Monoclonal antiphospholipid antibody reactivity against human placental trophoblast. J Reprod Immunol 1992; 22:1–14.
14. Blank M, Tincani A, Shoenfeld Y. Induction of experimental antiphospholipid syndrome in naive mice with purified IgG antiphosphatidylserine antibodies. J Rheumatol 1994; 21:100–4.
15. Emoto K, Kobayashi T, Yamaji A, et al. Redistribution of phos- phatidylethanolamine at the cleavage furrow of dividing cells during cytokinesis. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 1996; 93:12867–72.
16. Kaider AS, Kaider BD, Janowicz PB, et al. Immunodiagnostic evaluation in women with reproductive failure. Am J Reprod Immunol 1999; 42:335–46.
17. Kwak JY, Gilman-Sachs A, Beaman KD, et al. Reproductive outcome in women with recurrent spontaneous abortions of alloimmune and autoimmune causes: preconception versus postconception treatment. Am J Obstet Gynecol 1992; 166:1787–95.
18. Stagnaro-Green A, Roman SH, Cobin RH, et al. Detection of at-risk pregnancy by means of highly sensitive assays for thyroid autoantibodies. JAMA 1990; 264:1422–5.
19. Pratt DE, Kaberlein G, Dudkiewicz A, et al. The association of antithyroid antibodies in euthyroid nonpregnant women with recurrent first trimester abortions in the next pregnancy. Fertil Steril 1993; 60:1001–5.
20. Vaquero E, Lazzarin N, De Carolis C, et al. Mild thyroid abnormalities and recurrent spontaneous abortion: diagnostic and therapeutical approach. Am J Reprod Immunol 2000; 43:204–8.
21. Marai I, Carp H, Shai S, et al. Autoantibody panel screening in recurrent miscarriages. Am J Reprod Immunol 2004; 51:235–40.
22. Sherer Y, Tartakover-Matalon S, Blank M, et al. Multiple autoantibodies associated with autoimmune reproductive failure. J Assist Reprod Genet 2003; 20:53–7.
23. Beer AE, Kwak JY, Ruiz JE. Immunophenotypic profiles of peripheral blood lymphocytes in women with recurrent pregnancy losses and in infertile women with multiple failed in vitro fertilization cycles. Am J Reprod Immunol 1996; 35:376–82.
24. Beer AE, Kwak JYH, Gilman-Sacks A, et al. New horizons in the evaluation and treatment of recurrent pregnancy loss. In: Hunt JS, ed. Immunobiology of Reproduction. New York: Serono Symposia USA, 1994: 316–34.
25. Varla-Leftherioti M. Reproductive immunology component. In: Hansen J, Dupont B, eds. HLA 2004: Immunobiology of the Human MHC: Proceedings ofthe 13th IHWC. Seattle: IHWC, 2006.
26. Labarrere CA. Allogeneic recognition and rejection reactions in the placenta. Am J Reprod Immunol 1989; 21:94–9.
27. Voisin GA. Immunological facilitation, a broadening of the concept of the enhancement phenomenon. Prog Allergy 1971; 15:328–485.
28. Chaouat G, Voisin GA, Escalier D, et al. Facilitation reaction (enhancing antibodies and suppressor cells) and rejection reaction (sensitized cells) from the mother to the paternal antigens of the conceptus. Clin Exp Immunol 1979; 35:13–24.
29. Wegmann TG. Placental immunotrophism: maternal T cells enhance placental growth and function. Am J Reprod Immunol 1987; 15: 67–9.
30. Wegmann TG, Lin H, Guilbert L, et al. Bidirectional cytokine interactions in the maternal-fetal relationship: Is successful pregnancy a TH2 phenomenon? Immunol Today 1993; 14:353–6.
31. Clark DA. Immunobiological characterization of the trophoblast- decidual interface in human pregnancy. In: Kurpisz M, Fernandez N, eds. Immunology of Human Reproduction. Oxford: BIOS, 1995: 301–11.
32. Clark D. Editorial. Signaling at the fetomaternal interface. Am J Reprod Immunol 1999; 41:169–73.
33. Clark DA, Arck PC, Chaouat G. Why did your mother reject you? Immunogenetic determinants of the response to environmental selective pressure expressed at the uterine level. Am J Reprod Immunol 1999; 41:5–22.
34. Boyson JE, Rybalov B, Koopman LA, et al. CD1d and invariant NKT cells at the human maternal-fetal interface. Proc Natl Acad Sci 2002; 99:13741–6.
35. Kojima K, Kanzaki H, Iwai M, et al. Expression of leukaemia inhibitory factor (LIF) receptor in human placenta: a possible role for LIF in the growth and differentiation of trophoblasts. Hum Reprod 1995; 10:1907–11.
36. Szekeres-Bartho J, Barakonyi A, Polgar B, et al. The role of y/ô T cells in progesterone-mediated immunomodulation during pregnancy. A review. Am J Reprod Immunol 1999; 42:44–8.
37. Ashkar AA, Di Santo JP, Croy BA. Interferon gamma contributes to initiation of uterine vascular modification, decidual integrity, and uterine natural killer cell maturation during normal murine pregnancy. J Exp Med 2000; 92:259–70.
38. Chaouat G, Ledee-Bataille N, Dubanchet S, et al. TH1/TH2 paradigm in pregnancy: paradigm lost? Cytokines in pregnancy/early abortion: reexamining the TH1/TH2 paradigm. Int Arch Allergy Immunol 2004; 134:93–119.
39. Carp H, Torchinsky A, Fein A, et al. Hormones, cytokines and fetal anomalies in habitual abortion. Gynecol Endocrinol 2001; 15:472–83.
40. Mellor AL, Munn DH. Immunology at the maternal-fetal interface: Lessons for T cell tolerance and suppression. Annu Rev Immunol 2000; 18:367–91.
41. Thellin O, Coumans B, Zorzi W, et al. Tolerance to the foeto-placental ‘graft’: ten ways to support a child for nine months. Curr Opin Immunol 2000; 12:731–7.
42. Robertson SA. Seminal plasma and male factor signalling in the female reproductive tract. Cell Tissue Res 2005; 322:43–52.
43. Varla-Leftherioti M. The significance of women’s NK cell receptors’ repertoire in the maintenance of pregnancy. Chem Immunol Allergy 2005; 89:84–95.
44. Mizuno M, Aoki K, Kimbara T. Functions of macrophages in human decidual tissue in early pregnancy. Am J Reprod Immunol 1994; 3:180–8.
45. Zorzi W, Thellin O, Coumans B, et al. Demonstration of the expression of CD95 ligand transcript and protein in human placenta. Placenta 1998; 19:269–77.
46. Le Bouteiller P. HLA-G and local placental immunity. Gynecol Obstet Fertil 2003; 31:782–5.
47. King A, Loke YW, Chaouat G. NK cells and reproduction. Immunol Today 1997; 18:64–6.
48. Clark D, Arck PC, Jallili R, et al. Psycho-neuro-cytokine/endocrine pathways in immunoregulation during pregnancy. Am J Reprod Immunol 1996; 35:330–7.
49. Chaouat G, Tranchot Diallo J, Volumenie JL, et al. Immune suppression and Th1/TH2 balance in pregnancy revisited: a (very) personal tribute to Tom Wegmann. Am J Reprod Immunol 1997; 37:427–34.
50. Menier C, Riteau B, Dausset J, et al. HLA-G truncated isoforms can substitute for HLA-G1 in fetal survival. Hum Immunol 2000; 61:1118–25.
51. Varla-Leftherioti M. Role of a KIR/HLA-C allorecognition system in pregnancy. J Reprod Immunol 2004; 62:19–27.
52. Raghupathy R. TH1-type immunity is incompatible with successful pregnancy. Immunol Today 1997; 18:478–82.
53. Thellin O, Heinen E. Pregnancy and the immune system: between tolerance and rejection. Toxicology 2003; 185:179–84.
54. Arck PC. Stress and pregnancy loss: role of immune mediators, hormones and neurotransmitters.Am J Reprod Immunol 2001;46:117–23.
55. Clark DA, Chaouat G, Gorczynski RM. Thinking outside the box: mechanisms of environmental selective pressures on the outcome of the materno-fetal relationship. Am J Reprod Immunol 2002; 47:275–82.
56. Barakonyi A, Polgar B, Szekeres-Bartho J. The role of y/5 T-cell receptor-positive cells in pregnancy: Part II. Am J Reprod Immunol 1999; 42:83–7.
57. Daher S, Shulzhenko N, Morgun A, et al. Associations between cytokine gene polymorohisms and recurrent pregnancy loss. J Reprod Immunol 2003; 58:69–77.
58. King A, Wheeler R, Carter NP, et al. The response of human decidual leukocytes to IL-2. Cell Immunol 1992; 141:409–42.
59. Vassiliadou N, Bulmer JN. Immunohistochemical evidence for increased numbers of ‘classic’ CD57+ natural killer cells in the endometrium of women suffering spontaneous early pregnancy loss. Hum Reprod 1996; 11:1569–74.
60. Kwak JY, Beer AE, Kim SH, et al. Immunopathology of the implantation site utilizing monoclonal antibodies to natural killer cells in women with recurrent pregnancy losses. Am J Reprod Immunol 1999; 41:91–8.
61. Coulam CB, Goodman C, Roussev RG, et al. Systemic CD56+ cells can predict pregnancy outcome. Am J Reprod Immunol 1995; 33:40–6.
62. Aoki K, Kajiura S, Matsumoto Y, et al. Preconceptual natural killer cell activity as a predictor of miscarriage. Lancet 1995; 345:1340–2.
63. Varla-Leftherioti M, Spyropoulou-Vlachou M, Niokou D, et al. Natural killer (NK) cell receptors’ repertoire in couples with recurrent spontaneous abortions. Am J Reprod Immunol 2003; 49:183–91.
64. Varla-Leftherioti M, Spyropoulou-Vlachou M, Keramitsoglou T, et al. Lack of the appropriate natural killer cell inhibitory receptors in women with spontaneous abortion. Hum Immunol 2005; 66:65–71.
65. Varla-Leftherioti M, Keramitsoglou T, Spyropoulou-Vlachou M, et al. Report from the Reproductive Immunology Component at the 14th International HLA and Immunogenetics Workshop. Tissue Antigens 2007; 69 suppl 1:1–7.
66. Coulam CB, Clark DA, Collins J, et al. The Recurrent Miscarriage Immunotherapy Trialists. Worldwide collaborative observational study and meta-analysis on allogenic leukocyte immunotherapy for recurrent spontaneous abortion. Am J Reprod Immunol 1994; 32:55–72.
67. Gafter U, Sredni B, Segal J, et al. Suppressed cell-mediated immunity and monocyte and natural killer cell activity following allogeneic immunization of women with spontaneous recurrent abortion. J Clin Immunol 1997; 17:408–19.
68. Hayakawa S, Karasaki, Suzuki M, et al. Effects of paternal lymphocyte immunization on peripheral TH1/TH2 balance and Tcr Vp and Vy repertoire USAge of patients with recurrent spontaneous abortions. Am J Reprod Immunol 2000; 43:107–15.
69. Ruiz JE, Kwak JY, Baum L, et al. Intravenous immunoglobulin inhibits natural killer cell activity in vivo in women with recurrent spontaneous abortion. Am J Reprod Immunol 1996; 35:370–5.
70. Graphou O, Chioti A, Pantazi A, et al. Effect of intravenous immunoglobulin treatment on the Th1/TH2 balance in women with recurrent spontaneous abortions. Am J Reprod Immunol 2003; 49:21–9.
71. Gleicher N. Some thoughts on the reproductive autoimmune failure syndrome (RAFS) and Th-1 versus Th-2 immune responses. Am J Reprod Immunol 2002; 48:252–4.