Personal characteristics as predictors of expatriate managers cross‐cultural adjustment in Nigeria

African Journal of Business and Economic Research

Volumn 5, Issue 1, 2010, Pages 113-133

  Okpara, John O ^a  

^a BLOOMSBURG UNIVERSITY   (United States)

Author keywords

Adjustment; Cross cultural; Expatriates; Personal characteristics; Predictors

Indexed keywords

EID: 84874060196     PISSN: 17504554     EISSN: 17504562     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.10520/EJC10456     Document Type: Article

References (63)

1. Adler, N.J. (1986). International Dimensions of Organizational Behavior, Boston, MA.: Kent.
2. Adler, N.J. (1987). Pacific Basin Managers: A Gaijin, Not a Woman, Human Resource Management, 26(2), 169‐191
3. Adler, N.J. (1994). Competitive Frontiers: Women Managing Across Borders'', in Adler, N.J. & Izraeli, D.N. (eds.), Competitive Frontiers: Woman Managers in a Global Economy, Oxford: Blackwell Publishers.
4. Adler, N.J. (1995). Expatriate Women Managers'', in Selmer, J. (ed.), and Expatriate Management: New Ideas for International Business, Westport, CT.: Quorum Books.
5. Anderzen, I. and Arnetz, B.B. (1999). Psychophysiological Reactions to International Adjustment: Results from a Controlled, Longitudinal Study, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, 68, 67‐75.
6. Anderzen, I. and Arnetz, B.B. (1997). Psychophysiological Reactions during the First Year of Foreign Assignment: Results from a Controlled Longitudinal Study, Work & Stress, 11(4), 304‐318.
7. Arnetz, B.B. and Anderzen, I. (1992). The Internationalization of Work. Optimizing Adaptation of Employees to a Global Economy. A Multidisciplinary Study of the Expatriation and Repatriation Process'', in Selmer, J. (ed.), Proceedings of the First International Conference on Expatriate Management, Hong Kong: Hong Kong Baptist College.
8. Aycan, Z. K. and Kanungo, R.N. (1997). Current issues and future challenges in expatriate management, In Saunders, D.M. and Aycan, Z. (Eds.), New Approaches to Employee Management. Greenwich, CT: JAI Press: 245‐260.
9. Bank, M. and Rothmann, S. (2006). Correlates of expatriates' cross-cultural adjustment, Management Dynamics, 15(4): 29‐40.
10. Banai, M. and Reisel, W. D. (1993). Expatriate Managers' Loyalty to the MNC: Myth or Reality? An Exploratory Study, Journal of International Business Studies, 24, 233‐248.
11. Bhaskar‐Shrinivas, P., Harrison, D. A., Shaffer, M. A. and Luk, D. M. (2004). What have? We learned about expatriate adjustment? Answers accumulated from 23 years of research. Academy of Management Proceedings, A1‐A6.
12. Birdseye, M.G. and Hill, J.S. (1995). Individual, Organizational/Work and Environmental Influences on Expatriate Turnover Tendencies: An Empirical Study, Journal of International Business Studies, 26(4), 787‐813.
13. Black, J. S. (1988).Work role transitions: A study of American expatriate managers in Japan. Journal of International Business Studies, (19): 277‐94.
14. Black, J.S., Mendenhall, M. and Oddou, G.R. (1991). Towards a comprehensive model of international adjustment: An integration of multiple theoretical perspectives. Academy of Management Review, 16(2): 291‐317.
15. Black, J. S. and Mendenhall, M. (1989). A practical but theory‐based framework for selecting cross‐cultural training methods, Human Resource Management, 28(4): 511‐539.
16. Black, J.S. and Stephens, G.K. (1989). Expatriate adjustment and intent to stay in Pacific Rim overseas assignments, Journal of Management, (15)2: 529‐44.
17. Black, J. S. and Gregersen, H. B. (1990), ''Expectations, Satisfaction and Intentions to Leave of American Managers in Japan'', International Journal of Intercultural Relations, 14.
18. Black, J. S. and Gregersen, H. B. (1991a), ''Antecedents to Cross-Cultural Adjustment for Expatriates in Pacific Rim Assignments'', Human Relations, 44(5): 497‐515
19. Black, J. S. and Gregersen, H. B. (1991b), ''The Other Half of the Picture: Antecedents of Spouse Cultural Adjustment'', Journal of International Business Studies, 22(3), 461‐477.
20. Caligiuri, P.M. and Tung, R.L., (1999). Comparing the success of male and female expatriates from a US‐based multinational company, Int. J. of Human Resource Management 10(5): 763‐782
21. Caligiuri, P., Phillips, J., Lazarova, M., Tarique, I. and Biirgi, P. (2001). The theory of met exception applied to expatriate adjustment: the role of cross‐cultural training, International Journal of Human Resource Management, 12(3): 357‐72.
22. Forster, N. (2000). The Myth of the 'International Manager, International Journal of Human Resource Management, 11(1), 126‐142.
23. Furnham, A. (1993). Communicating in Foreign Lands: The Cause, Consequences and Cures of Culture Shock, Language, Culture and Curriculum, 6(1), 91‐109.
24. Furnham, A. and Bochner, S. (1986). Culture Shock: Psychological Reactions to Unfamiliar Environments, London: Methuen.
25. Grainger, R. J. and Nankervis, A. R. (2001). Expatriation practices in the global business environment. Research and Practice in Human Resource Management, 9(2), 77‐92.
26. Goldberg, D. (1972). The Detection of Psychiatric Illness by Questionnaire, London: Oxford University Press.
27. Grove, C.L. and Torbiörn, I. (1985). A New Conceptualization of Intercultural Adjustment and the Goals of Training, International Journal of Intercultural Relations, 9, 205‐233.
28. Gullahorn, J.E., and Gullahorn, J.R. (1962), ''An Extension of the U-Curve Hypothesis'', Journal of Social Issues, 3, 33‐47.
29. Harvey, M. (1997). The Impact of the Dual‐Career Expatriate on International Human Resource Management, Journal of International Management, 3(4), 251‐289.
30. Harvey, M. (1985). The Executive Family: An Overlooked Variable in International Assignments, Columbia Journal of World Business, spring, 84‐92.
31. Hawley, K. (1999). The expatriate departure planning period, Management Today, 15(3): 34‐35.10(3), 488‐500.
32. Kilgore, J.E. and Shorrock, M.B. (1991). International Relocation: The Future of Spouse Relocation Assistance'', Journal of Career Development, 17(4), 271‐284.
33. Kobrin, S.J. (1994). Is There a Relationship between a Geocentric Mind‐Set and Multinational Strategy? Journal of International Business Studies, 25(3), 493‐511.
34. Jelinek, M. & Adler, N.J. (1988). Women: World‐Class Managers for Global Competition, Academy of Management Executive, 2(1), 11‐19.
35. Juffer, K.A. (1986). The First Step in Cross‐Cultural Orientation: Defining the Problem, in R.M. Paige (ed.), Cross‐Cultural Orientation: New Conceptualizations and Applications, Lanham, MD.: University Press of America.
36. Jun, S., Lee, S., and Gentry, J.W. (1997). The Effects of Acculturation on Commitment to the Parent Company and the Foreign Operation, International Business Review, 6(5), 519‐535.
37. Klineberg, O. (1982). Contact between Ethnic Groups: A Historical Perspective of Some Aspects of Theory and Research, in S. Bochner (ed.), Cultures in Contact: Studies in Cross‐Cultural Interaction, Oxford: Pergamon.
38. McEvoy, G.M. and Parker, B. (1995). Expatriate Adjustment: Causes and Consequences, in Selmer, J. (ed.) Expatriate Management: New Ideas for International Business, Westport, CT.: Quorum Books.
39. McGinley, J. (2008). Expatriate Adjustment within a Social Context: Examination of a Sample in Russia, Journal of Social, Evolutionary, and Cultural Psychology, www.jsecjournal.com– 2008, 2(2): 56‐68.
40. Mendenhall, M. and Oddou, G. (1985). The dimensions of expatriate acculturation: A review. The Academy of Management Review, 10(1), 39‐47.
41. Nicholson, N. and Imaizumi, A. (1993). The Adjustment of Japanese Expatriates to Living and Working in Britain, British Journal of Management, 4, 119‐134.
42. Naumann, E. (1993). Antecedents and Consequences of Satisfaction and Commitment among Expatriate Managers, Group and Organization Management, 18, 153‐187.
43. Nunnally, J.C. (1978). Psychometric Theory, 2nd ed., New York: McGraw‐Hill.
44. Oberg, K. (1960). Culture Shock: Adjustment to New Cultural Environments, Practical Anthropologist, 7, 177‐182.
45. Ones, D.S. and Viswesvaran, C. (1997). Personality Determinants in the Prediction of Aspects of Expatriate Job Success, in Aycan, Z. (ed.), Expatriate Management: Theory and Research, Greenwich, CT.: JAI Press.
46. Punnet, B.J. (1997). Towards Effective Management of Expatriate Spouses, Journal of World Business, 32(3), 243‐257.
47. Qi, G., Lange, G., Pihl, H., and Fjelkner, V. (2005). Preventing expatriate failure: A research on the expatriate selection and training, Kristianstad University, FEC 685. Retrieved June 18 2009, from: http://eprints.bibl.hkr.se/archive/00000673/01/preventingexpatriatefailure‐Group11_Gao_Qi_&_Grit_Lange.pdf
48. Shaffer, M.A. and Harrison, D.A. (1998). Expatriates' Psychological Withdrawal from International Assignments: Work, Nonwork, and Family Influences, Personnel Psychology, 51, 87‐118.
49. Shaffer, M.A., Harrison, D.A. and Gilley, K.M. (1999), ''Dimensions, Determinants, and Differences in the Expatriate Adjustment Process'', Journal of International Business Studies, 30(3), 557‐581.
50. Swaak, R. A. (1995). Expatriate failures: Too many, too much cost, too little planning, Compensation & Benefits Review. Compensation & Benefits Review, 27(6): 47‐51. Retrieved June, 14, 2009, from http://www.frankallen.com/Expatriate%20Failures.htm.
51. Selmer, J. (2008). International Adjustment of Business Expatriates: The Impact of Age, Gender and Marital Status, School of Business, BR C Papers on Cross‐Cultural Research, Hong Kong Baptist University, Retrieved, March10, 2010, from: http://net2.hkbu.edu.hk/~ied/publications/ccmp/CCMP200008.pdf
52. Searle, W. and Ward, C. (1990). The Prediction of Psychological and Socio‐Cultural Adjustment during Cross‐Cultural Transitions, International Journal of Intercultural Relations, 14, 449‐464.
53. Torbiorn, I. (1988). Culture Barriers as a Social Psychological Construct: An Empirical Validation, In Kim, Y.Y. and Gudykunst, W.B. (Eds) Cross–Cultural Adaptation: Current Approaches. Newbury Park, CA: Sage.
54. Toh, S. M. (2003). Host country nationals to the rescue: A social categorization approach to expatriate adjustment. (Doctoral dissertation, Texas A&M University, 2003). Retrieved April 6, 2006, from https://txspace.tamu.edu/bitstream/1969.1/238/1/etdtamu‐2003C‐MGMTTOH‐1.pdf
55. Torbiörn, I. (1982). Living Abroad: Personal Adjustment and Personnel Policy in the Overseas Setting, New York, NY: Wiley.
56. Tung, R.L. (1981). Selecting and Training of Personnel for Overseas Assignments'', Columbia Journal of World Business, 16, 68‐78.
57. Tung, R. (1988). The New Expatriates: Managing Human Resources Abroad. Cambridge, MA: Ballinger Publishing.
58. Ward, C. and Kennedy, A. (1992). Locus of Control, Mood Disturbance and Social Difficulty during Cross‐Cultural Transitions, International Journal of Intercultural Relations, 16, 175‐194.
59. Ward C. and Searle, W. (1991). The Impact of Value Discrepancies and Cultural Identity on Psychological and Socio‐Cultural Adjustment of Sojourners, International Journal of Intercultural Relations, 15, 209‐225.
60. Waxin, M.F. (2000). L'adaptation des cadres expatries en Inde: Ses déterminants et l'effet de la culture d'origine, Thèse de Doctorat, IAE Aix‐enProvence, Aix‐en‐Provence.
61. Waxin, M.F. (2004). The impact of country of origin on expatriates' interaction adjustment, International Journal of Intercultural Relations, 28(1): 61‐79
62. Waxin, M.F. and Panaccio, A. (2005). Cross‐cultural training to facilitate expatriate adjustment: It works!'' Personnel Review, 34(1): 51‐68.
63. Westwood, R .I. and Leung, S .M. (1994). The Female Expatriate Manager Experience: Coping with Gender and Culture', International Studies of Management and Organization, 24: 64‐85.