Impact evaluation of a public bicycle share program on cycling: A case example of BIXI in Montreal, Quebec

American Journal of Public Health

Volumn 103, Issue 3, 2013, Pages

  Fuller, Daniel ^a,b   Gauvin, Lise ^a,b   Kestens, Yan ^a,b   Daniel, Mark ^a,b,d   Fournier, Michel ^c   Morency, Patrick ^c   Drouin, Louis ^c  

^a CENTRE HOSPITALIER DE L UNIVERSITÉ DE MONTRÉAL   (Canada)

^b UNIVERSITÉ DE MONTRÉAL   (Canada)

^c Gouvernement du Quebec   (Canada)

^d UNIVERSITY OF SOUTH AUSTRALIA   (Australia)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

ADOLESCENT; ADULT; ARTICLE; BICYCLE; CANADA; CROSS-SECTIONAL STUDY; EVALUATION; FEMALE; HEALTH PROMOTION; HUMAN; INFORMATION PROCESSING; MALE; METHODOLOGY; MIDDLE AGED; RECREATION; STATISTICAL MODEL; STATISTICS; TIME; TRAFFIC AND TRANSPORT;

ADOLESCENT; ADULT; BICYCLING; CROSS-SECTIONAL STUDIES; DATA COLLECTION; FEMALE; HEALTH PROMOTION; HUMANS; LOGISTIC MODELS; MALE; MIDDLE AGED; QUEBEC; RECREATION; TIME FACTORS; TRANSPORTATION; YOUNG ADULT;

MLCS; MLOWN;

EID: 84874058630     PISSN: 00900036     EISSN: 15410048     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2012.300917     Document Type: Article

References (48)

1. Saelens BE, Sallis JF, Frank LD. Environmental correlates of walking and cycling: findings from the transportation, urban design and planning literatures. Ann Behav Med. 2003;25(2):80-91.
2. Sallis JF, Cervero RB, Archer W, Henderson KA, Kraft MK, Kerr J. An ecological approach to creating active living communities. Annu Rev Public Health. 2006;27:297-322.
3. Barnes G, Thompson K, Krizek K. A longitudinal analysis of the effect of bicycle facilities on commute mode share. Presented at: 85th Annual Meeting of the Transportation Research Board; January 22-26, 2006; Washington, DC. Available at: http://pubsindex. trb.org/view/2006/C/777415. Accessed October 16, 2012.
4. Woodcock J, Banister D, Edwards P, Prentice AM, Roberts I. Energy and transport. Lancet. 2007;370 (9592):1078-1088.
5. Frank LD, Greenwald MJ,Winkelman S, Chapman J, Kavage S. Carbonless footprints: promoting health and climate stabilization through active transportation. Prev Med. 2010;50(Suppl 1):S99-S105.
6. Frank LD, Sallis JF, Conway TL, Chapman JE, Saelens BE, Bachman W. Many pathways from land use to health: associations between neighborhood walkability and active transportation, body mass index, and air quality. J Am Plann Assoc. 2006;72(1):75-87.
7. Hamer M, Chida Y. Active commuting and cardiovascular risk: a meta-analytic review. Prev Med. 2008; 46(1):9-13.
8. Barengo NC, Kastarinend M, Lakkaa T, Nissinenc A, Tuomilehtoe J. Different forms of physical activity and cardiovascular risk factors among 24-64-year-old men and women in Finland. Eur J Cardiovasc Prev Rehabil. 2006;13(1):51-59.
9. Hu G, Pekkarinen H, Hänninen O, Tian H, Guo Z. Relation between commuting, leisure time physical activity and serum lipids in a Chinese urban population. Ann Hum Biol. 2001;28(4):412-421.
10. Hu G, Pekkarinen H, Hänninen O, Yu Z, Guo Z, Tian H. Commuting, leisure-time physical activity, and cardiovascular risk factors in China. Med Sci Sports Exerc. 2002;34(2):234-238.
11. von Huth Smith L, Borch-Johnsen K, Jørgensen T. Commuting physical activity is favorably associated with biological risk factors for cardiovascular disease. Eur J Epidemiol. 2007;22(11):771-779.
12. Wagner A, Simon C, Ducimetiere P, et al. Leisuretime physical activity and regular walking or cycling to work are associated with adiposity and 5y weight gain in middle-aged men: the PRIME study. Int J Obes Relat Metab Disord. 2001;25(7):940-948.
13. Johan de Hartog J, Boogaard H, Nijland H, Hoek G. Do the health benefits of cycling outweigh the risks? Environ Health Perspect. 2010;118(8):1109-1116.
14. Rojas-Rueda D, de Nazelle A, Tainio M, Nieuwenhuijsen MJ. The health risks and benefits of cycling in urban environments compared with car use: health impact assessment study. BMJ. 2011;343:d4521.
15. Census of Canada: profile of census divisions and census subdivisions. Ottawa, Ontario: Statistics Canada; 2006.
16. 2008 American Community Survey. Washington, DC: US Census Bureau; 2008.
17. Bergman P, Grjibovski AM, Hagströmer M, Patterson E, Sjöström M. Congestion road tax and physical activity. Am J Prev Med. 2010;38(2):171-177.
18. Fitzhugh EC, Bassett DR Jr, Evans MF. Urban trails and physical activity: a natural experiment. Am J Prev Med. 2010;39(3):259-262.
19. MacDonald JM, Stokes RJ, Cohen DA, Kofner A, Ridgeway GK. The effect of light rail transit on body mass index and physical activity. Am J Prev Med. 2010;39(2): 105-112.
20. Ogilvie D, Egan M, Hamilton M, Petticrew M. Promoting walking and cycling as an alternative to using cars: systematic review. BMJ. 2004;329(7469):763- 767.
21. Ogilvie D, Foster CE, Rothnie H, et al. Interventions to promote walking: systematic review. BMJ. 2007;334 (7605):1204-1214.
22. Pucher J, Dill J, Handy S. Infrastructure, programs, and policies to increase bicycling: an international review. Prev Med. 2010;50(Suppl 1):S106-S125.
23. Wells NM, Yang Y. Neighborhood design and walking: a quasi-experimental longitudinal study. Am J Prev Med. 2008;34(4):313-319.
24. Shaheen SA, Guzman S, Zhang H. Bikesharing in Europe, the Americas, and Asia: past, present and future. Transportation Res Rec. 2010;2143(1)159-167.
25. Fuller D, Gauvin L, Kestens Y, et al. Use of a new public bicycle share program in Montreal, Canada. Am J Prev Med. 2011;41(1):80-83.
26. Craig CL, Marshall AL, Sjostrom M, et al. International Physical Activity Questionnaire: 12 country reliability and validity. Med Sci Sports Exerc. 2003;35(8): 1381-1395.
27. Gauvin L, Riva M, Barnett T, Richard L, Craig CL. Association between neighborhood active living potential and walking. Am J Epidemiol. 2008;167(8):944-953.
28. Riva M, Gauvin L, Apparicio P, Brodeur J-M. Disentangling the relative influence of built and socioeconomic environments on walking: the contribution of areas homogenous along exposures of interest. Soc Sci Med. 2009;69(9):1296-1305.
29. McCormack GR, Cerin E, Leslie E, Du Toit L, Owen N. Objective versus perceived walking distance to destinations: correspondence and predictive validity. Environ Behav. 2008;40:401-425.
30. Environment Canada. Canadian climate normals 1971-2000. Available at: http://www.climate.weatheroffice.gc.ca/climate-normals/index-e.html. Accessed June 2, 2011.
31. Riva M, Apparicio P, Gauvin L, Brodeur J-M. Establishing the soundness of administrative spatial units for operationalising the active living potential of residential environments: an exemplar for designing optimal zones. Int J Health Geogr. 2008;7(1):43-56.
32. Card D, Krueger AB. Minimum wages and employment: a case study of the fast-food industry in New Jersey and Pennsylvania. Am Econ Rev. 1994;84(4): 772-793.
33. Meyer BD. Natural and quasi-experiments in economics. J Bus Econ Stat. 1995;13(2):151-161.
34. Butler GP, Orpana HM, Wiens AJ. By your own two feet: factors associated with active transport in Canada. Can J Public Health. 2007;98(4):259-264.
35. Nankervis M. The effect of weather and climate on bicycle commuting. Transp Res Part A Policy Pract. 1999;33:417-431.
36. Winters M, Friesen MC, Koehoorn M, Teschke K. Utilitarian bicycling: a multilevel analysis of climate and personal influences. Am J Prev Med. 2007;32(1):52-58.
37. Cervero R, Sarmiento O, Jacoby E, Gomez L, Neiman A. Influences of built environment on walking and cycling: lessons from Bogota. Int J Sustainable Transportation. 2009;3(4):203-226.
38. Cohen D, Sehgal A, Williamson S, et al. Impact of a new bicycle path on physical activity. Prev Med. 2008; 46(1):80-81.
39. Dill J. Where do people bicycle? The role of infrastructure in determining bicycling behavior. Available at: http://www.activelivingresearch. org/node/11692. Accessed October 16, 2012.
40. Winters M, Brauer M, Setton EM, Teschke K. Built environment influences on health transportation choices: bicycling versus driving. J Urban Health. 2010;87(6): 969-993.
41. Glass TA. Psychosocial intervention. In: Berkman LF, Kawachi I, eds. Social Epidemiology. Toronto, ON: Oxford University Press; 2000.
42. Krizek K, Handy S, Forsyth A. Explaining changes in walking and bicycling behavior: challenges for transportation research. Environ Plann B Plann Des. 2009; 36(4):725-740.
43. Campbell DT, Stanley J. Experimental and Quasiexperimental Designs for Research. Boston, MA: Houghton Mifflin Company; 1963.
44. Korn EL, Graubard BI. Analysis of Health Surveys. New York, NY: John Wiley & Sons; 1999.
45. Juneau CE, Potvin L. Trends in leisure-, transport-, and work-related physical activity in Canada 1994-2005. Prev Med. 2010;51(5):384-386.
46. Vélo Québec. The state of cycling in Quebec in 2005 [in French]. Available at: http://www.velo.qc.ca/velo-quebec/etatduvelo.php. Accessed July 2, 2010.
47. City of Montreal. Montreal transportation plan [in French]. Available at: http://ville.montreal.qc.ca/portal/page?-pageid=4577,68231602&-dad= portal&-schema=PORTAL. Accessed February 18, 2011.
48. Larsen J, El-Geneidy A. A travel behavior analysis of urban cycling facilities in Montréal Canada. Transp Res Part D Transp Environ. 2011;16(2):172-177.