A novel phosphonium-based deep eutectic catalyst for biodiesel production from industrial low grade crude palm oil

Chemical Engineering Science

Volumn 92, Issue , 2013, Pages 81-88

  Hayyan, Adeeb ^a   Ali Hashim, Mohd ^a   Mjalli, Farouq S ^b   Hayyan, Maan ^a   AlNashef, Inas M ^c  

^a UNIVERSITY OF MALAYA   (Malaysia)

^b SULTAN QABOOS UNIVERSITY   (Oman)

^c KING SAUD UNIVERSITY   (Saudi Arabia)

Author keywords

Biodiesel; Catalysis; Chemical process; Deep eutectic solvents; Esterification reaction; Low grade crude palm oil

Indexed keywords

BROMINE COMPOUNDS; CATALYSIS; CATALYST ACTIVITY; ESTERIFICATION; ESTERS; INDUSTRIAL APPLICATIONS; METHANOL; PALM OIL; TRANSESTERIFICATION;

ACCEPTABLE LIMIT; ALKALINE CATALYSTS; ALKALINE TRANSESTERIFICATION; BIODIESEL PRODUCTION; CHEMICAL PROCESS; CONTENT REDUCTION; CRUDE PALM OIL; DEEP EUTECTIC SOLVENTS; EN 14214; ESTERIFICATION REACTIONS; FREE FATTY ACID; HYDROGEN BOND DONORS; INTERNATIONAL STANDARDS; LAB-SCALE INVESTIGATIONS; LOW GRADE; MOLAR RATIO; OPERATING PARAMETERS; PRE-TREATMENT; PTOLUENESULFONIC ACID; REACTION TEMPERATURE; RECYCLABLE CATALYST; TWO-STAGE PROCESS;

BIODIESEL;

EID: 84873962607     PISSN: 00092509     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.ces.2012.12.024     Document Type: Article

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