Interactions between soil, rainfall, and wildlife drive surface water quality across a savanna ecosystem

Ecohydrology

Volumn 6, Issue 1, 2013, Pages 94-103

  Strauch, Ayron M ^a  

^a TUFTS UNIVERSITY   (United States)

Author keywords

Biogeochemistry; Rainfall; River; Savanna; Seasonality; Serengeti; Tanzania; Water quality

Indexed keywords

GEOLOGIC PATTERNS; NUTRIENT TRANSPORT; RAINFALL PATTERNS; REGIONAL DIFFERENCES; SAVANNA; SAVANNA ECOSYSTEMS; SEASONAL PATTERNS; SEASONALITY; SERENGETI; SOIL COMPOSITION; SOIL NUTRIENTS; TANZANIA;

ANIMALS; BIOGEOCHEMISTRY; CLIMATE CHANGE; ECOSYSTEMS; LANDFORMS; RAIN; RIVERS; SOILS; VEGETATION; WATER QUALITY; WATERSHEDS;

NUTRIENTS;

BIOGEOCHEMISTRY; CLIMATE CHANGE; RAINFALL; RIVER WATER; SAVANNA; SEASONALITY; SOIL NUTRIENT; SOIL QUALITY; VEGETATION; WATER QUALITY; WATER RESOURCE; WATERSHED;

SERENGETI; TANZANIA;

EID: 84873954976     PISSN: 19360584     EISSN: 19360592     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1002/eco.1246     Document Type: Article

References (105)

1. Aladin NV Potts, TW. 1992. Changes in the Aral Sea ecosystems during the period 1960-1990. Hydrobiologia 237: 67-79.
2. Allan JD. 1995. Stream Ecology: Structure and Function of Running Waters. Kluwer: Dordrecht, Netherlands.
3. Allan JD. 2004. Landscapes and riverscapes: the influence of land use on stream ecosystems. Annual Reviews of Ecology, Evolution, and Systematics 35: 257-284.
4. Alvarez-Cobelas M, Angeler DG, Sánchez-Carrillo S. 2008. Export of nitrogen from catchments: a world-wide analysis. Environmental Pollution 156: 161-169.
5. Alvarez-Cobelas M, Sánchez-Andrés R, Sánchez-Carrillo S, Angeler DG. 2010. Nutrient contents and export from streams in semiarid catchments of central Spain. Journal of Arid Environments 74: 933-945.
6. Anderson TM, Richie ME, Mayemba E, Eby S, Grace JB, McNaughton SJ. 2007a. Forage nutritive quality in the Serengeti ecosystem: the roles of fire and herbivore. American Naturalist 170: 343-357.
7. Anderson TM, Ritchie ME, McNaughton SJ. 2007b. Rainfall and soils modify plant community response to grazing in Serengeti National Park. Ecology 88: 1191-1201.
8. Anderson GD, Talbot LM. 1965. Soil factors affecting the distribution of the grassland types and their utilization by wild animals on the Serengeti plains, Tanganyika. Ecology 53: 33-56.
9. APHA. 1995. Standard Methods of the Examination of Water and Wastewater. 19th edn. American Public Health Association: Washington, DC.
10. Austin AT, Yahdjian L, Stark JM, Belnap J, Porporato A, Norton U, Ravetta D, Schaeffer SM. 2004. Water pulses and biogeochemical cycles in arid and semiarid ecosystems. Oecologia 141: 221-235.
11. Bell RHV. 1982. The effect of soil nutrient availability on community structure in African ecosystems. In Ecology of Tropical Savannas, Huntley BJ, Walker BH (eds). Springer-Verlag: Berlin; 193-216.
12. Belnap J, Welter JR, Grimm NB, Barger N, Ludwig JA. 2005. Linkages between microbial and hydrologic processes in arid and semiarid watersheds. Ecology 86: 298-307.
13. Bernhard-Reversat F. 1982. Biogeochemical cycle of nitrogen in a semi-arid savanna. Oikos 38: 321-332.
14. Bowden WB. 1987. The biogeochemistry of nitrogen in freshwater wetlands. Biogeochemisty 4: 313-348.
15. 4 fertilization on the distribution of bryophytes in an arctic river. Freshwater Biology 32: 445-454.
16. Brown J, Ribeny F, Wolanski E, Codner G. 1981. A mathematical model of the hydrologic regime of the upper Nile basin. Journal of Hydrology 51: 91-107.
17. Butturini A, Sabater F. 2000. Seasonal variability of dissolved organic carbon in a Mediterranean stream. Biogeochemistry 51: 303-321.
18. Carpenter SR. 1982. Streamflow chemistry: effects on population dynamics of detritivorous mosquitoes in tree-hold ecosystems. Oecologia 53: 1-6.
19. Conan C, de Marsily G, Bouraoui F, Bidoglio G. 2003. A long-term hydrological modeling of the Upper Guadiana river basin (Spain). Physics and Chemistry of the Earth 28: 193-200.
20. Dunne T, Leopold LB. 1978. Water in environmental planning. Freeman: New York.
21. Elisa M, Gara JI, Wolanski E. 2011. A review of the water crisis in Tanzania's protected areas, with emphasis on the Katuma River-Lake Rukwa ecosystem. Ecohydrology and Hydrobiology 10: 153-166.
22. Estes RD. 1991. The behavioral guide to African mammals. University of California Press: Berkley.
23. Fisher SG, Minckley WL. 1978. Chemical characteristics of a desert stream in flash flood. Journal of Arid Environments 1: 25-33.
24. Fisher SG, Grimm NB, Marti E, Holmes RM, Jones JB. 1998. Material spiraling in stream corridors: a telescoping ecosystem model. Ecosystems 1: 19-34.
25. Forshay KJ, Stanley EH. 2005. Rapid nitrate loss and denitrification in a temperate river floodplain. Biogeochemistry 75: 43-64.
26. Foy RH, Withers PJA. 1995. The contribution of agricultural phosphorus to eutrophication. Fertilizer Society Proceedings 365: 1-32.
27. Gaylard A, Owen-Smith N, Redfern J. 2003. Surface water availability: implications for heterogeneity and ecosystem processes. In The Kruger Experience: Ecology and Management of Savanna Heterogeneity, du Toit J, Biggs H, Rogers KH (eds). Island Press: Washington, DC; 171-188.
28. Genereux D, Pringle CM. 1997. Chemical mixing model of streamflow generation at La Selva Biological Station, Costa Rica. Journal of Hydrology 199: 319-330.
29. Gereta E, Wolanski E. 1998. Wildlife-water quality interactions in the Serengeti National Park. African Journal of Ecology 36: 1-14.
30. Gereta E, Meing'ataki GEO, Mduma S, Wolanski E. 2004. The role of wetlands in wildlife migration in the Tarangire ecosystem, Tanzania. Wetlands Ecology and Management 12: 285-299.
31. Gereta E, Wolanski E, Borner M, Serneels S. 2002. Use of an ecohydrology model to predict the impact on the Serengeti ecosystem of deforestation, irrigation and the proposed Amala Weir Water Diversion Project in Kenya. Ecohydrology and Hydrobiology 2: 135-142.
32. Giller PS, Malmqvist B. 2006. Biology of Streams and Rivers. Oxford University Press: New York.
33. Grimm NB. 1992. Biogeochemistry of nitrogen in arid-land streams. Journal of Arizona-Nevada Academy of Science 26: 130-146.
34. Grimm NB. 1994. Disturbance, succession and ecosystem processes in streams: a case study from the desert. In Aquatic Ecology: Scale Pattern and Process, Giller PS, Hildrew AG, Rafaelli DG (eds). 34th Symposium of the British Ecological Society. Blackwell Press: Oxford; 93-112.
35. Halse SA, Ruprecht JK, Pinder AM. 2003. Salinization and prospects for biodiversity in rivers and wetlands of south-west Western Australia. Australian Journal of Botany 51: 673-688.
36. Hatfield JL, Prueger JH. 2004. Impacts of changing precipitation patterns on water quality. Journal of Soil and Water Conservation 59: 51-58.
37. Herlocker DJ. 1975. Woody vegetation of the Serengeti National Park. PhD thesis, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, USA.
38. Holdo RM, Holt RD, Fryxell JM. 2009. Opposing rainfall and plant nutritional gradients best explain wildebeest migration in the Serengeti. American Naturalist 173: 431-445.
39. Hurlbert SH. 1984. Pseudoreplication and the design of ecological field experiments. Ecological Monographs 52: 187-211.
40. Hynes HB. 1970. The ecology of running waters. University of Toronto Press: Toronto.
41. Jacobs SM, Bechtold JS, Biggs HC, Grimm NB, Lorentz S, McClain ME, Naiman RJ, Perakis SS, Pinay G, Scholes MC. 2007. Nutrient vectors and riparian processing: a review with special reference to African semiarid savanna ecosystems. Ecosystems 10: 1231-1249.
42. Jacobson PJ, Jacobson KM, Angermeier PL, Cherry DS. 2000a. Hydrologic influences on soil properties along ephemeral rivers in the Namib Desert. Journal of Arid Environments 45: 21-34.
43. Jacobson PJ, Jacobson KM, Angermeier PL, Cherry DS. 2000b. Variation in material transport and water chemistry along a large ephemeral river in the Namib Desert. Journal of Arid Environments 45: 21-34.
44. Kalff J. 2003. Nitrogen cycling. In Limnology, 2nd edn, Kalff J (ed). Prentice Hall: Upper Saddle River, NJ.
45. Kaufman MG, Walker ED. 2006. Indirect effects of soluble nitrogen on growth of Ochlerotatus triseriatus larvae in container habitats. Journal of Medical Entomology 43: 677-688.
46. Kaufman MG, Goodfriend W, Kobler-Garrigan A, Walker ED, Klug MJ. 2002. Soluble nutrient effects on microbial communities and mosquito production in Ochlerotatus triseriatus habitats. Aquatic Microbial Ecology 29: 73-88.
47. Kaufman MG, Wanja E, Maknojia S, Bayoh MN, Vulule JM, Walker ED. 2006. Importance of algal biomass to growth and development of Anopheles gambiae larvae. Journal of Medical Entomology 43: 677-688.
48. Krawczyk D, Gonglewski N. 1959. Determining suspended solids using a spectrophotometer. Sewage and Industrial Wastes 31: 1159-1164.
49. Kreulen D. 1975. Wildebeest habitat selection on the Serengeti plains, Tanzania, in relation to calcium and lactation: a preliminary report. East African Wildlife Journal 13: 297-304.
50. Lamberti GA, Steinman AD. 1997. A comparison of primary production in stream ecosystems. Journal of the North American Benthological Society 16: 95-104.
51. Lee CH, Lee YB. Lee H, Kim PJ. 2007. Reducing phosphorus release from paddy soils by a fly ash-gypsum mixture. Bioscience technology 98: 1980-1984.
52. Likens GE, Bormann FH. 1995. Biogeochemistry of a forested ecosystem, 2nd edn. Springer-Verlag: New York.
53. Lundberg J, Moberg F. 2003. Mobile link organisms and ecosystem functioning: implications for ecosystem resilience and management. Ecosystems 6: 87-98.
54. Maddock L. 1979. The "migration" and grazing succession. In Serengeti: Dynamics of an Ecosystem, Sinclair ARE, Norton-Griffiths M (eds). University of Chicago: Chicago; 104-129.
55. MAF. 2004. Livestock production gains from improved drinking water: literature review. New Zealand Ministry of Agriculture and Forestry Technical Paper No. 2004/07, Wellington, New Zealand.
56. de Magny C, Cazelles G, Guegan J. 2007. Cholera threat to humans in Ghana is influenced by both global and regional climatic variability. EcoHealth 3: 223-231.
57. McNaughton SJ. 1985. Ecology of a grazing ecosystem: the Serengeti. Ecological Monographs 55: 259-294.
58. McNaughton SJ. 1988. Mineral nutrition and spatial concentrations of African ungulates. Nature 334: 343-345.
59. McNaughton SJ. 1990. Mineral nutrition and seasonal movements of African migratory ungulates. Nature 345: 613-615.
60. McNaughton SJ, Banyikwa FF, McNaughton MM. 1997. Promotion of the cycling of diet-enhancing nutrients by African grazers. Science 278: 1798-1800.
61. McNaughton SJ, Ruess RW, Seagle SW. 1988. Large mammals and process dynamics in African ecosystems. Bioscience 38: 794-800.
62. Meador MR, Goldstein RM. 2003. Assessing water quality at large geographic scales: relations among land use, water physiochemistry, riparian condition, and fish community structure. Environmental Management 31: 504-517.
63. Mulligan M. 1998. Modelling the geomorphological impact of climate variability and extreme events in a semi-arid environment. Geomorphology 24: 59-78.
64. Naiman RJ, Bechtold JS, Drake D, Latterell JJ, O'Keefe TC, Balain EV. 2005. Origins, patterns, and importance of heterogeneity in riparian systems. In Ecosystem Function in Heterogeneous Landscapes, Lovett G, Jones CG, Turner MG, Weathers KC (eds). Springer: New York; 279-309.
65. Newcombe CP, Mcdonald DD. 1991. Effects of suspended sediments on aquatic ecosystems. North American Journal of Fisheries Management 11: 72-82.
66. Nijboer RC, Verdonschot PFM. 2004. Variable selection for modeling effects of eutrophication on stream and river ecosystems. Ecological Modelling 177: 17-39.
67. Noy-Meir I. 1973. Desert ecosystems: environment and producers. Annual Review of Ecology and Systematics 4: 25-52.
68. Ormerod SJ, Tyler SJ, Lewis JMS. 1987. Short term experimental acidification of a Welsh stream: comparing the biological effects of hydrogen ions and aluminium. Freshwater Biology 17: 341-356.
69. Pandey CB, Singh JS. 1992. Rainfall and grazing effects on net primary productivity in a tropical savanna, India. Ecology 73: 2007-2021.
70. Perrow MR, Moss B, Stansfield J. 1994. Trophic interactions in a shallow lake following a reduction in nutrient loading: a long-term study. Hydrobiologia 275(276): 43-52.
71. van Puijenbroek PJTM, Janse JH, Knoop JM. 2004. Integrated modeling for nutrient loading and ecology of lakes in Netherlands. Ecological Modelling 174: 127-141.
72. Ramirez A, Pringle CM, Molina L. 2003. Effects of stream phosphorus levels on microbial respiration. Freshwater Biology 48: 88-97.
73. Reardon J, Foreman JA, Searcy RI. 1966. New reactants for the colorimetric determination of ammonia. Clinica Chimica Acta 14: 403-405.
74. Reed DN, Anderson TM, Dempewolf J, Metzger KL, Serneels S. 2009. The spatial distribution of vegetation types in the Serengeti ecosystem: the influence of rainfall and topographic relief on vegetation patch characteristics. Journal of Biogeography 36: 770-782.
75. Ruess RW, McNaughton SJ. 1987. Grazing and the dynamics of nutrient and energy regulated microbial processes in the Serengeti grasslands. Oikos 49: 101-110.
76. Ruess RW, Seagle SW. 1994. Landscape patterns in soil microbial processes in the Serengeti National Park, Tanzania. Ecology 75: 892-904.
77. Rundle SD, Hildrew AG. 1990. The distribution of micro-arthropods in some southern English streams: the influence of physiochemistry. Freshwater Biology 23: 411-432.
78. Scholes RJ, Walker BH. 1993. An African savanna: synthesis of the Nylsvley study. Cambridge University Press: Cambridge.
79. Scholes MC, Scholes RJ, Otter LB, Woghiren A. 2003. Biogeochemistry: the cycling of nutrients in the Kruger National Park. In The Kruger Experience: Ecology and Management of Savanna Heterogeneity, du Toit J, Biggs H, Rogers KH (eds). Island Press: Washington, DC: 130-148.
80. Seeger M, Errea MP, Beguería S, Arnáez J, Martí C, García-Ruiz JM. 2004. Catchment soil moisture and rainfall characteristics as determinant factors for discharge/suspended sediment hysteretic loops in a small headwater catchment in the Spanish Pyrenees. Journal of Hydrology 288: 299-311.
81. Sharma KD, Choudhari JS, Vangani NS. 1984. Transmission losses and quality changes along a desert stream: the Luni Basin in N.W. India. Journal of Arid Environments 7: 255-262.
82. Silva-Benavides AM. 1996. The use of water chemistry and benthic diatom communities for qualification of a polluted tropical river in Costa Rica. Revista de Biologia Tropical 44: 395-416.
83. Sinclair A.R.E. 1979. The Serengeti environment. In Serengeti: Dynamics of an Ecosystem Sinclair ARE, Norton-Griffths M (eds). University of Chicago Press: Chicago; 31-45.
84. Spears BM, Carvalho L, Paterson DM. 2007. Phosphorus partitioning in a shallow lake: implications for water quality management. Water and Environment Journal 21: 47-53.
85. Strauch AM. 2011. Seasonal variability in faecal bacteria of semiarid rivers in the Serengeti National Park, Tanzania. Marine and Freshwater Research 62: 1191-1200.
86. Strauch AM, Kapust AR, Jost CC. 2009. Impact of livestock management on water quality and streambank structure in a semi-arid, African ecosystem. Journal of Arid Environments 73: 795-803.
87. du Toit JG, Ebedes H. 1996. Drinking patterns and drinking behaviour. In Game Ranch Management, Bothma JDP (ed). Van Schaik: Pretoria; 96-98.
88. Tongway DJ, Lugwig JA. 1997. The conservation of water and nutrients within landscapes. In Landscape ecology, function and management: principles from Australia's rangelands, Ludwig JA, Tongway DJ, Freudenberger DO, Noble JC, Hodgkinson KC (eds.). CSIRO Publishing: Melbourne; 12-22.
89. Valeix M, Fritz H, Matsika R, Matsvimbo F, Madzikanda H. 2007. The role of water abundance, thermoregulation, perceived predation risk and competition in water access by African herbivores. African Journal of Ecology 46: 402-410.
90. Vanni MJ. 2002. Nutrient cycling by animals in freshwater ecosystems. Annual Review of Ecology and Systematics 33: 341-370.
91. Vidal-Abarca R, Suárez ML, Guerrero C, Velasco J, Moreno JL, Millán A, Perán A. 2001. Dynamics of dissolved and particulate organic carbon in a saline and semiarid stream of southeast Spain (Chicamo stream). Hydrobiologia 455: 71-78.
92. Vitousek PM, Sanford RL. 1986. Nutrient cycling in moist tropical forest. Annual Reviews of Ecology and Systematics 17: 137-167.
93. Voeten MM, van de Vijver CADM, Olff H, van Langevelde F. 2009. Possible causes of decreasing migratory ungulate populations in an East African savannah after restrictions in their seasonal movements. African Journal of Ecology 48: 169-179.
94. Wanke H, Wanke A. 2007. Water quality for game in drylands: a case study from the Khaudum National Park, Namibia. Journal of Arid Environments 70: 553-559.
95. Watts CJ. 2000. Seasonal phosphorus release from exposed, re-inundated litorral sediments of two Australian reservoirs. Hydrobiologia 431: 27-39.
96. Webster JR, Benfield EF. 1986. Vascular plant breakdown in freshwater ecosystems. Annual Review of Ecology and Systematics 17: 567-594.
97. Western D. 1975. Water availability and its influence on the structure and dynamics of a savannah large mammal community. East African Wildlife Journal 13: 265-286.
98. Wilcox BP, Newman BD. 2005. Ecohydrology of semiarid landscapes. Ecology 86: 275-276.
99. Wilcox BP, Breshears DD, Allen CD. 2003. Ecohydrology of a resource-conserving semiarid woodland: effects of scale and disturbance. Ecological Monographs 73: 223-239.
100. Wolanski E, Gereta E. 1999. Oxygen cycle in a hippo pool, Serengeti National Park, Tanzania. African Journal of Ecology 37: 419-423.
101. Wolanski E, Gereta E. 2001. Water quantity and quality as the factors driving the Serengeti ecosystem, Tanzania. Hydrobiologia 458: 169-180.
102. Wollheim WM, Lovvorn JR. 1995. Effects of macrophyte growth forms on invertebrate communities in saline lakes of the Wyoming high plains. Hydrobiologia 323: 83-96.
103. Wootton JT. 1994. The nature and consequences of indirect effects in ecological communities. Annual Review of Ecology and Systematics 25: 443-466.
104. Wootton JT. 2002. Indirect effects in complex ecosystems: recent progress and future challenges. Journal of Sea Research 48: 157-172.
105. Yair A, Lavee H. 1985. Runoff generation in arid and semi-arid zones. In Hydrological Forecasting, Anderson MG, Burt TP (eds). Wiley: Chichester; 183-220.