Thirty years of monitoring in england - What have we learnt?

Conservation and Management of Archaeological Sites

Volumn 14, Issue 1-4, 2012, Pages 442-457

  Williams, Jim ^a  

^a ENGLISH HERITAGE   (United Kingdom)

Author keywords

Mitigation; Monitoring; Site preservation; Waterlogged deposits

Indexed keywords

EID: 84873901152     PISSN: 13505033     EISSN: 17535522     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1179/1350503312Z.00000000038     Document Type: Conference Paper

References (54)

1. Barber, B. 2002. Saving the Globe?: Part 2, the Preservation of the Monument. London Archaeologist, 9(12): 323-29.
2. Batchelor, C. R. and Black, S. 2010. Preferred Area 4, Denham, Buckinghamshire: Groundwater Monitoring Report February 2010. Report No. 2. Unpublished Quaternary Scientific (QUEST) Report Project Number 020/09.
3. Boreham, S., Conneller, C., Milner, N., Taylor, B., Needham, A., Boreham, J., and Rolfe, C. J. In press. Geochemical Indicators of Preservation Status and Site Deterioration at Star Carr. Journal of Archaeological Science [accessed 14 July 2010]. Available at: .
4. Brown, A. G., Bradley, C., Boomer, I., and Grapes, T. 2009. Hydrological Assessment of Star Carr Catchment, Yorkshire (5922). Unpublished report prepared for English Heritage.
5. Brunning, R. 2007. Monuments at Risk in Somerset's Peatlands. In: J. Barber, C. Clark, M. Cressey, A. Crone, A. Hale, J. Henderson, R. Housley, R. Sands, and A. Sheridan, eds. Archaeology from the Wetlands: Recent Perspectives, Proceedings of the 11th WARP Conference, Edinburgh 2005. WARP Occasional Paper 18. Edinburgh: Society of Antiquaries of Scotland, pp. 191-98.
6. Brunning, R. 2008. How Does Monitoring Fit into a Wider Strategy? A Multi-Site Example from a Rural Wetland in the UK. In: H. Kars and R. M. van Heeringen, eds. Preserving Archaeological Remains In Situ, Proceedings of the Third International Conference (Geoarchaeological and Bioarchaeological Studies 10). Amsterdam: Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, pp. 217-25.
7. Brunning, R., Hogan, D., Jones, J., Jones, M., Maltby, E., Robinson, M., and Straker, V. 2000. Saving the Sweet Track. The In Situ Preservation of a Neolithic Wooden Trackway, Somerset, UK. Conservation and Management of Archaeological Sites, 4: 3-20.
8. Brunning, R., Bronk Ramsey, C., Cameron, N., Cook, G., Davies, P., Gale, R., Groves, G., Hamilton, W.D., Hogan, D., Jones, J., Jones, M., Kenward, H., Kreiser, A., Locatelli, C., Marshall, P., Tinsley, H., and 2008. The Monuments at Risk in Somerset's Peatlands Project. Unpublished draft MSS, Somerset County Council.
9. Burks Green R.P.S. 2009. Site investigation report: Storey's Bar Road, Peterbrough, Cambs. Unpublished Burks Green R.P.S. report C11627 for Peterborough Renewable Energy Ltd.
10. Capita Symonds. 2011. Brooksby Quarry: Ground Water Monitoring for In Situ Protection of Archaeological Features. 2011 Annual Report for Lafarge Aggregates Ltd. Unpublished report.
11. Caple, C. 1996. Parameters for Monitoring Anoxic Environments. In: M. Corfi eld, P. Hinton, T. Nixon, and M. Pollard, eds. Preserving Archaeological Remains In Situ. Proceedings of the Conference of 1st-3rd April 1996. Bradford: Museum of London Archaeology Service/University of Bradford, pp. 113-22.
12. Caple, C. and Dungworth, D. 1998. Waterlogged Anoxic Archaeological Burial Environments. Unpublished Ancient Monuments Laboratory Report 22/98. Historic Buildings and Monuments Commission, London.
13. Chapman, H. P. and Cheetham, J. L. 2002. Monitoring and Modelling Saturation as a Proxy Indicator for In Situ Preservation in Wetlands - a GIS-based Approach. Journal of Archaeological Science, 29: 277-89.
14. Coles, B. 1995. Wetland Management: A Survey for English Heritage. Exeter: WARP Occasional Paper 9.
15. Corfield, M. 1994. Monitoring the Condition of Waterlogged Archaeological Sites. In: P. Hoffmann, ed. Proceedings of the 5th ICOM Group on Wet Organic Archaeological Materials Conference, Portland, Maine 1993. Bremerhaven: Ditzen Druck and Verlags-GmbH, Deutsches Schiffahrtsmuseu, pp. 423-37.
16. Corfield, 1996. Preventive Conservation for Archaeological Sites. In: A. Roy and P. Smith, eds. Archaeological Conservation and its Consequences. London: IIC, pp. 32-37.
17. Corfield, M. 2004. Saving the Rose Theatre: England's First Managed and Monitored Reburial. Conservation and Management of Archaeological Sites, 4: 305-14.
18. Council of Europe, 1992. European Convention on the Protection of the Archaeological Heritage (revised) (Valletta 1992). Council of Europe Treaty Series no. 143.
19. Davis, M., Hall, A., Kenward, H., and Oxley, J. 2002. Preservation of Urban Archaeological Deposits: Monitoring and Characterisation of Archaeological Deposits at Marks & Spencer, 44-45 Parliament Street, York. Internet Archaeology, 11 [accessed 14 July 2011]. Available at: .
20. Department of the Environment, 1990. Planning Policy Guidance 16: Archaeology and Planning. London: HMSO.
21. Department of Communities and Local Government, 2010. Planning Policy Statement 5: Planning for the Historic Environment. London: TSO.
22. Douterelo, I., Goulder, R., and Lillie, M. 2011. International Biodeterioration and Biodegradation, 65: 435-43.
23. Elgy, C, 2008. Assessment of the Burial Environment at Booklyn Garage, Alcester, Warwickshire: A Review of the Data Collected Between March and May 2008. Unpublished report, Historic Environment and Archaeology Service, Worcestershire County Council, report 1628.
24. English Heritage. 2006. Management of Research Projects in the Historic Environment The MoRPHE Project Managers' Guide. Swindon: English Heritage.
25. French, C. 2004. Hydrological Monitoring of an Alluviated Landscape in the Lower Great Ouse Valley at Over, Cambridgeshire: Results of the Gravel Extraction Phase. Environmental Archaeology, 9(1): 1-13.
26. French, C. 2009. Hydrological Monitoring of an Alluviated Landscape in the Lower Great Ouse Valley at Over, Cambridgeshire: The Quarry Restoration Phase. Environmental Archaeology, 14(1): 63-76.
27. French, C., Davis, M., and Heathcote, J. 1999. Hydrological Monitoring of Alluviated Landscapes in the Lower Great Ouse Valley, Cambridgeshire: Interim Results of the First Three Years. Environmental Archaeology, 4: 41-56.
28. French, C. and Taylor, M. 1985. Desiccation and Destruction: The Immediate Effects of De-watering at Etton, Cambridgeshire. Oxford Journal of Archaeology, 4(2): 139-55.
29. Graham, K., Crow, P., Fell, V., Simpson, P., Wyeth, P., Baker, R., and Griffin, V. 2008. A Woodland Burial Study: Developing Methods to Monitor the Burial Environment. In: H. Kars and R. M. van Heeringen, eds. Preserving Archaeological Remains In Situ, Proceedings of the Third International Conference (Geoarchaeological and Bioarchaeological Studies 10). Amsterdam: Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, pp. 131-38.
30. Higuchi, T. 2005. Castle Hills (A1) Roman Remains Monitoring. Unpublished report.
31. Hogan, D. 2011. Environmental Investigations at St Mildred's Tannery, Canterbury Report 4. Unpublished report.
32. Hughes, R., Dillon, J., McKinley, J., Patel, D., and Shields, H. 2004. The Geotechnical Instrumentation of Park Lane, Croydon, an Early Anglo Saxon Cemetery. In: T. Nixon, ed. Preserving Archaeological Remains In Situ? Proceedings of the 2nd Conference 12-14 September 2001. London: Museum of London Archaeology Service, pp. 128-36.
33. Keevill, G. D., Hogan, D. V., Davis, M., and Howell, D. 2004. Waterlogged Archaeological Remains, Environmental Conditions and Preservation In Situ: A Case Study from the Tower of London. In: T. Nixon, ed. Preserving Archaeological Remains In Situ? Proceedings of the 2nd Conference 12-14 September 2001. London: Museum of London Archaeology Service, pp. 137-42.
34. Jones, L. 2010. In situ Preservation, Research and Monitoring in the Somerset Levels: An Interim Report. In: J. R. L. Allen and A. Brown, eds. Archaeology in the Severn Estuary, 20: 65-79.
35. Jones, L. and Bell, M. In Situ Preservation of Wetland Heritage: Hydrological and Chemical Change in the Burial Environment of the Somerset Levels, UK. In: D. Gregory and H. Matthiesen, eds. Conservation and Management of Archaeological Sites, 14(1-4): 114-24.
36. Kars, H. and van Heeringen, R. M., eds. 2008. Preserving Archaeological Remains In Situ, Proceedings of the Third International Conference (Geoarchaeological and Bioarchaeological Studies 10). Amsterdam: Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam.
37. Lillie, M. C. 2007. In situ Preservation: Geo-Archaeological Perspectives on an Archaeological Nirvana. In: M. C. Lillie and S. Ellis, eds. Wetland Archaeology and Environments: Regional Issues, Global Perspectives. Oxford: Oxbow Books, pp. 156-72.
38. Lillie, M. C. and Smith, R. J. 2007. Understanding Water Table Dynamics and their Influence on the Buried Archaeological Resource in Relation to Aggregate Extraction Sites. Unpublished report (March 2007 [2 volumes]), Wetland Archaeology and Environments Research Centre, University of Hull, Hull.
39. Lillie, M. C. and Smith, R. J. 2008. Understanding Waterlogged Burial Environments: The Impacts of Aggregates Extraction and De-Watering on the Buried Archaeological Resource. Unpublished report (February 2008), Wetland Archaeology and Environments Research Centre, University of Hull, Hull.
40. Lillie, M. C. and Smith, R. J. 2009. International Literature Review: In Situ Preservation of Organic Archaeological Remains. Unpublished report for English Heritage. Wetland Archaeology and Environments Research Centre, University of Hull, Hull.
41. Malim, T. and Panter, I. 2012. Is Preservation In Situ an Unacceptable Option for Development Control? Can Monitoring Prove the Continued Preservation of Waterlogged Deposits? In: D. Gregory and H. Matthiesen, eds. Conservation and Management of Archaeological Sites, 14(1-4): 428-40.
42. Moffett, L. and Panter, I. 2005. Ground Monitoring at the Waitrose Supermarket Site, The Saltway, Droitwich. Unpublished report.
43. Nixon, T. ed. 2004. Preserving Archaeological Remains In Situ? Proceedings of the 2nd Conference 12-14 September 2001. London: Museum of London Archaeology Service.
44. Ove Arup & Partners and York University in association with Bernard Thorpe, 1991. York Development & Archaeology Study. York: English Heritage and York City Council.
45. Patrick, W. H. and Mahapatra, I. C. 1968. Transformation and Availability to Rice of Nitrogen and Phosphorus in Waterlogged Soils. Advances in Agronomy, 20: 323-59.
46. Powell, K. L., Pedley, S., and Corfield, M. 2000. The Effect of Water Quality upon the Integrity of Buried Archaeological Wood. In: A. Millard, ed. Archaeological Sciences 1997. Proceedings of the Conference held at the University of Durham, 2nd-4th September 1997. Oxford: Archaeopress.
47. Riksantikvarnen. N.d. The Monitoring Manual. Procedures & Guidelines for the Monitoring, Recording and Preservation/Management of Urban Archaeological Deposits [accessed 14 July 2011]. Available at:
48. Smit, A. 2002. The Preservation Potential of the Burial Environment. In: R. M. van Heeringen and E. M. Theunissen, eds. Desiccation of the Archaeological Landscape at Voorne-Putten. Nederlandse Archaeologische Rapporten 25. Amersfoort: Rijksdienst voor het Oudeidkundig Bodemonderzoek, pp. 91-114.
49. Smit, A., Van Heeringen, R. M., and Theunissen, E. M. 2006. Archaeological Monitoring Standard. Guidelines for the Non-Destructive Recording and Monitoring of the Physical Quality of Archaeological Sites and Monuments. Amersfoort: rijksdienst voor archeologie, cultuurlandschap en monumenten.
50. W. A. Fairhurst and Partners. 2004. Dixon's Yard, York Archaeological Gas and Water Monitoring Strategy and Results. Unpublished documents.
51. Williams, J. 2009. The Role of Science in the Management of the UK's Heritage. NHSS Report 1 [accessed 14 July 2011]. Available at: .
52. Williams, J., Fell, V., Graham, K., Simpson, P., Collins, M., Koon, H., and Griffin, R. 2008a. Re-watering of the Iron Age Causeway at Fiskerton, England. In: H. Kars and R. M. van Heeringen, eds. Preserving Archaeological Remains In Situ, Proceedings of the Third International Conference (Geoarchaeological and Bioarchaeological Studies 10). Amsterdam: Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, pp. 181-97.
53. Williams, J., Martin Bacon, H., Onions, B., Barrett, D., Richmond, A., and Page, M. 2008b. The Second Shardlow Boat - Economic Drivers or Heritage Policy? In: H. Kars and R. M. van Heeringen, eds. Preserving Archaeological Remains In Situ, Proceedings of the Third International Conference (Geoarchaeological and Bioarchaeological Studies 10). Amsterdam: Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, pp. 317-25.
54. Woodiwiss, S. 2007. Evaluation at St George's Square, Droitwich, Worcestershire. Unpublished report, Historic Environment and Archaeology Service, Worcestershire County Council, report 1570.