Analytical model of surface uplift above axisymmetric flat-lying magma intrusions: Implications for sill emplacement and geodesy

Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research

Volumn 253, Issue , 2013, Pages 114-130

  Galland, O ^a   Scheibert, J ^a,b  

^a UNIVERSITY OF OSLO   (Norway)

^b LABORATOIRE DE TRIBOLOGIE ET DYNAMIQUE DES SYSTÈMES   (France)

Author keywords

Analytical model; Axi symmetric; Ground deformation; Laccoliths; Mogi; Sills

Indexed keywords

AXISYMMETRIC; GROUND DEFORMATIONS; LACCOLITHS; MOGI; SILLS;

ANALYTICAL MODELS; MODELS; PLASTIC DEFORMATION;

COMPUTER SIMULATION;

BENDING; DEFORMATION MECHANISM; ELASTIC PROPERTY; EMPLACEMENT; GEODESY; IGNEOUS INTRUSION; LACCOLITH; MODELING; SILL; UPLIFT;

EID: 84873873201     PISSN: 03770273     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.jvolgeores.2012.12.006     Document Type: Article

References (88)

1. Abdelmalak M.M., Mourgues R., Galland O., Bureau D. Fracture mode analysis and related surface deformation during dyke intrusion: Results from 2D experimental modelling. Earth and Planetary Science Letters 2012, 359-360:93-105.
2. Algar C.K., Boudreau B.P., Barry M.A. Initial rise of bubbles in cohesive sediments by a process of viscoelastic fracture. Journal of Geophysical Research 2011, 116(B4):B04207.
3. Amelung F., Jonsson S., Zebker H., Segall P. Widespread uplift and "trapdoor" faulting on Galapagos volcanoes observed with radar interferometry. Nature 2000, 407(6807):993-996.
4. Barry M.A., Boudreau B.P., Johnson B.D., Reed A.H. First-order description of the mechanical fracture behavior of fine-grained surficial marine sediments during gas bubble growth. Journal of Geophysical Research 2010, 115(F4):F04029.
5. Bathke H., Shirzaei M., Walter T.R. Inflation and deflation at the steep-sided Llaima stratovolcano (Chile) detected by using InSAR. Geophysical Research Letters 2011, 38(10):L10304.
6. Battaglia M., Troise C., Obrizzo F., Pingue F., De Natale G. Evidence for fluid migration as the source of deformation at Campi Flegrei caldera (Italy). Geophysical Research Letters 2006, 33(1):L01307.
7. Bradley J. Intrusion of major dolerite sills. Transactions of the Royal Society of New Zealand 1965, 3:2755.
8. Brandsdóttir B., Menke W., Einarsson P., White R.S., Staples R.K. Färoe-Iceland Ridge Experiment 2. Crustal structure of the Krafla central volcano. Journal of Geophysical Research 1997, 102(B4):7867-7886.
9. Brandsdóttir B., Menke W.H. Thin low-velocity zone within the Krafla caldera, NE-Iceland attributed to a small magma chamber. Geophysical Research Letters 1992, 19(24):2381-2384.
10. Brandsdóttir B., Menke W.H. The seismic structure of Iceland. Jökull 2008, 58:17-34.
11. Bunger, A. P., 2005. Near-surface hydraulic fracture. Phd thesis.
12. Bunger A.P., Cruden A.R. Modeling the growth of laccoliths and large mafic sills: role of magma body forces. Journal of Geophysical Research 2011, 116(B2):B02203.
13. Cartwright J., Hansen D.M. Magma transport through the crust via interconnected sill complexes. Geology 2006, 34(11):929-932.
14. Cayol V., Cornet F. Three-dimensional modeling of the 1983-1984 eruption at Piton de la Fournaise volcano, Réunion Island. Journal of Geophysical Research 1998, 103(B8):18025-18037.
15. Chang W.-L., Smith R.B., Wicks C., Farrell J.M., Puskas C.M. Accelerated uplift and magmatic intrusion of the Yellowstone caldera, 2004 to 2006. Science 2007, 318(5852):952-956.
16. Chevallier L., Woodford A. Morpho-tectonics and mechanism of emplacement of the dolerite rings and sills of the western Karoo, South Africa. South African Journal of Geology 1999, 102(1):43-54.
17. Daniels K.A., Kavanagh J.L., Menand T.R., Stephen J.S. The shapes of dikes: evidence for the influence of cooling and inelastic deformation. Geological Society of America Bulletin 2012, 124(7-8):1102-1112.
18. Dixon J.M., Simpson D.G. Centrifuge modelling of laccolith intrusion. Journal of Structural Geology 1987, 9:87-103.
19. Duffield W.A., Bacon C.R., Delaney P.T. Deformation of poorly consolidated sediment during shallow emplacement of a basalt sill, Coso Range, California. Bulletin of Volcanology 1986, 48(2):97-107.
20. Duranti D., Hurst A. Fluidization and injection in the deep-water sandstones of the Eocene Alba Formation (UK North Sea). Sedimentology 2004, 51:503-529.
21. Elders W.A., Fridleifsson G.O., Zierenberg R.A., Pope E.C., Mortensen A.K., Gudmundsson A., Lowenstern J.B., Marks N.E., Owens L., Bird D.K., Reed M., Olsen N.J., Schiffman P. Origin of a rhyolite that intruded a geothermal well while drilling at the Krafla volcano, Iceland. Geology 2011, 39(3):231-234.
22. Fialko Y., Khazan Y., Simons M. Deformation due to a pressurized horizontal circular crack in an elastic half space, with applications to volcano geodesy. Geophysical Journal International 2001, 146(1):181-190.
23. Fialko Y., Simons M. Evidence for on-going inflation of the Socorro magma body, New Mexico, from interferometric synthetic aperture radar imaging. Geophysical Research Letters 2001, 28:3549-3552.
24. Fialko Y., Simons M., Khazan Y. Finite source modelling of magmatic unrest in Socorro, New Mexico, and Long Valley, California. Geophysical Journal International 2001, 146(1):191-200.
25. Francis E. Magma and sediment - I. emplacement mechanism of late carboniferous tholeiite sills in northern britain. Journal of the Geological Society of London 1982, 139(1):1-20. (tY - JOUR).
26. Froger J.L., Merle O., Briole P. Active spreading and regional extension at Mount Etna imaged by SAR interferometry. Earth and Planetary Science Letters 2001, 187(3-4):245-258.
27. Froger J.L., Remy D., Bonvalot S., Legrand D. Two scales of inflation at Lastarria-Cordon del Azufre volcanic complex, central Andes, revealed from ASAR-ENVISAT interferometric data. Earth and Planetary Science Letters 2007, 255(1-2):148-163.
28. Fukushima Y., Cayol V., Durand P. Finding realistic dike models from interferometric syntheric aperture radar data: the February 2000 eruption at Piton de la Fournaise. Journal of Geophysical Research 2005, 110:B03206.
29. Fukushima Y., Cayol V., Durand P., Massonnet D. Evolution of magma conduits during the 1998-2000 eruptions of Piton de la Fournaise volcano, Réunion Island. Journal of Geophysical Research 2010, 115(B10):B10204.
30. Galerne C.Y., Galland O., Neumann E.-R., Planke S. 3D relationships between sills and their feeders: evidence from the Golden Valley Sill Complex (Karoo Basin) and experimental modelling. Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research 2011, 202(3-4):189-199.
31. Galland O. Experimental modelling of ground deformation associated with shallow magma intrusions. Earth and Planetary Science Letters 2012, 317-318:145-156.
32. Galland O., Cobbold P.R., de Bremond d'Ars J., Hallot E. Rise and emplacement of magma during horizontal shortening of the brittle crust: insights from experimental modeling. Journal of Geophysical Research 2007, 112.
33. Galland O., Planke S., Neumann E.-R., Malthe-Sørenssen A. Experimental modelling of shallow magma emplacement: application to saucer-shaped intrusions. Earth and Planetary Science Letters 2009, 277(3-4):373-383.
34. Gilbert G.K. Report on the geology of the Henry Mountains. Tech. rep., U.S. Geogr. Geol. Surv. Rocky Mountain Region (Powel) 1877.
35. Goulty N.R., Schofield N. Implications of simple flexure theory for the formation of saucer-shaped sills. Journal of Structural Geology 2008, 30(7):812-817.
36. Gressier J.B., Mourgues R., Bodet L., Matthieu J.Y., Galland O., Cobbold P.R. Control of pore fluid pressure on depth of emplacement of magmatic sills: An experimental approach. Tectonophysics 2010, 489(1-4):1-13.
37. Gudmundsson O., Brandsdóttir B., Menke W., Sigvaldason G.E. The crustal magma chamber of the Katla volcano in south Iceland revealed by 2-D seismic undershooting. Geophysical Journal International 1994, 119(1):277-296.
38. Hansen D.M., Cartwright J.A. Saucer-shaped sill with lobate morphology revealed by 3D seismic data: implications for resolving a shallow-level sill emplacement mechanism. Journal of the Geological Society of London 2006, 163:509-523.
39. Hansen D.M., Cartwright J.A. The three-dimensional geometry and growth of forced folds above saucer-shaped igneous sills. Journal of Structural Geology 2006, 28(8):1520-1535.
40. Hansen D.M., Redfern J., Federici F., di Biase D., Bertozzi G. Miocene igneous activity in the Northern Subbasin, offshore Senegal, NW Africa. Marine and Petroleum Geology 2008, 25(1):1-15.
41. Hawkes L., Hawkes H.K. The Sandfell Laccolith and 'Dome of Elevation'. Quarterly Journal of the Geological Society 1933, 89(1-4):379-398. (NP-NP,399-400).
42. Hubbert M.K., Willis D. Mechanics of Hydraulic Fracturing 1957, 175-190. Hafner Publishing Company, New York.
43. Hutton D.H.W. Insights into magmatism in volcanic margins: bridge structures and a new mechanism of basic sill emplacement - Theron Mountains, Antarctica. Petroleum Geoscience 2009, 15(3):269-278.
44. Huuse M., Mickelson M. Eocene sandstone intrusions in the Tampen Spur area (Norwegian North Sea Quad 34) imaged by 3D seismic data. Marine and Petroleum Geology 2004, 21:141-155.
45. Jackson M. Processes of laccolithic emplacement in the Southern Henry Mountains, Southeastern Utah. U.S. Geological Survey Bulletin 1997, 2158:51-59.
46. Jackson M.D., Pollard D.D. Flexure and faulting of sedimentary host rocks during growth of igneous domes, Henry Mountains, Utah. Journal of Structural Geology 1990, 12(2):185-206.
47. Ji K.H., Herring T.A. Transient signal detection using GPS measurements: transient inflation at Akutan volcano, Alaska, during early 2008. Geophysical Research Letters 2011, 38(6):L06307.
48. Johnson A.M., Pollard D.D. Mechanics of growth of some laccolithic intrusions in the Henry Mountains, Utah, I. Field observations, Gilbert's model, physical properties and flow of the magma. Tectonophysics 1973, 18:261-309.
49. Kavanagh J., Sparks R.J. Insights of dyke emplacement mechanics from detailed 3D dyke thickness datasets. Journal of the Geological Society of London 2011, 168(4):965-978.
50. Kavanagh J.L., Menand T., Sparks R.S.J. An experimental investigation of sill formation and propagation in layered elastic media. Earth and Planetary Science Letters 2006, 245(3-4):799-813.
51. Kerr A.D., Pollard D.D. Toward more realistic formulations for the analysis of laccoliths. Journal of Structural Geology 1998, 20(12):1783-1793.
52. Malthe-Sørenssen A., Planke S., Svensen H., Jamtveit B. Formation of saucer-shaped sills. Geol. Soc. London Spec. Pub. 2004, vol. 234:215-227.
53. Masterlark T. Magma intrusion and deformation predictions: sensitivities to the Mogi assumptions. Journal of Geophysical Research 2007, 112:B06419.
54. McCaffrey K., Petford N. Are granitic intrusions scale invariant?. Journal of the Geological Society of London 1997, 154(1):1-4.
55. McTigue D.F. Elastic stress and deformation near a finite spherical magma body: resolution of the point source paradox. Journal of Geophysical Research 1987, 92(B12):12,931-12,12940.
56. Menand T. The mechanics and dynamics of sills in layered elastic rocks and their implications for the growth of laccoliths and other igneous complexes. Earth and Planetary Science Letters 2008, 267(1-2):93-99.
57. Michaut C. Dynamics of magmatic intrusions in the upper crust: theory and applications to laccoliths on Earth and the Moon. Journal of Geophysical Research 2011, 116(B5):B05205.
58. Mogi K. Relations between the eruptions of various volcanoes and the deformations of the ground surface around them. Bulletin. Earthquake Research Institute, University of Tokyo 1958, 36:99-134.
59. Muirhead J.D., Airoldi G., Rowland J.V., White J.D. Interconnected sills and inclined sheet intrusions control shallow magma transport in the ferrar large igneous province, Antarctica. Geological Society of America Bulletin 2012, 124(1-2):162-180.
60. Murdoch L.C. Hydraulic fracturing of soil during laboratory experiments. Part 1. Methods and observations. Geotechnique 1993, 43(2):255-265.
61. Murdoch L.C. Hydraulic fracturing of soil during laboratory experiments. Part 2. Propagation. Geotechnique 1993, 43(2):267-276.
62. Murdoch L.C. Hydraulic fracturing of soil during laboratory experiments. Part 3. Theoretical analysis. Geotechnique 1993, 43(2):277-287.
63. Murdoch L.C. Mechanical analysis of idealized shallow hydraulic fracture. Journal of Geotechnical and Geoenviromental Engineering 2002, 128(6).
64. Ofeigsson B.G., Hooper A., Sigmundsson F., Sturkell E., Grapenthin R. Deep magma storage at Hekla volcano, Iceland, revealed by InSAR time series analysis. Journal of Geophysical Research 2011, 116(B5):B05401.
65. Okada Y. Surface deformation due to shear and tensile faults in a half-space. Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America 1985, 75(4):1135-1154.
66. Pedersen R., Sigmundsson F. Temporal development of the 1999 intrusive episode in the Eyjafjallajökull volcano, Iceland, derived from InSAR images. Bulletin of Volcanology 2006, 68(4):377-393.
67. Pollard D.D. Elementary fracture mechanics applied to the structural interpretation of dikes. Geol. Assoc. Can. Sp. Paper 1987, Vol. 34:5-24.
68. Pollard D.D., Holzhausen G. On the mechanical interaction between a fluid-filled fracture and the Earth's surface. Tectonophysics 1979, 53(1-2):27-57.
69. Pollard D.D., Johnson A.M. Mechanics of growth of some laccolithic intrusions in the Henry Mountains, Utah, II. Bending and failure of overburden layers and sill formation. Tectonophysics 1973, 18:311-354.
70. Polteau S., Mazzini A., Galland O., Planke S., Malthe-Sørenssen A. Saucer-shaped intrusions: occurrences, emplacement and implications. Earth and Planetary Science Letters 2008, 266(1-2):195-204.
71. Román-Berdiel T., Gapais D., Brun J.-P. Analogue models of laccolith formation. Journal of Structural Geology 1995, 17(9):1337-1346.
72. Rubin A.M. Propagation of magma-filled cracks. Annual Review of Earth and Planetary Sciences 1995, 23:287-336.
73. Scaillet B., Pêcher A., Rochette P., Champenois M. The Gangotri granite (Garhwal Himalaya): laccolithic emplacement in an extending collisional belt. Journal of Geophysical Research 1995, 100:585-607.
74. Scheibert J., Prevost A., Debrégeas G., Katzav E., Adda-Bedia M. Stress field at a sliding frictional contact: experiments and calculations. Journal of the Mechanics and Physics of Solids 2009, 57:1921-1933.
75. Schofield N.J., Brown D.J., Magee C., Stevenson C.T. Sill morphology and comparison of brittle and non-brittle emplacement mechanisms. Journal of the Geological Society of London 2012, 169(2):127-141.
76. Sibson R.H. Brittle-failure controls on maximum sustainable overpressure in different tectonic regimes. AAPG Bulletin 2003, 87(6):901-908.
77. Sigmundsson F., Hreinsdóttir S., Hooper A., Arnadóttir T., Pedersen R., Roberts M.J., Oskarsson N., Auriac A., Decriem J., Einarsson P., Geirsson H., Hensch M., Ofeigsson B.G., Sturkell E., Sveinbjornsson H., Feigl K.L. Intrusion triggering of the 2010 Eyjafjallajökull explosive eruption. Nature 2010, 468(7322):426-430.
78. Sturkell E., Sigmundsson F., Einarsson P., Hreinsdóttir S., Villemin T., Geirsson H., Ofeigsson B., Jouanne F., Björnsson H., Gudmundsson G., Palsson F. Deformation cycle of the Grimsvötn sub-glacial volcano, Iceland, measured by GPS. 30th Nordic Geological Winter Meeting 2012.
79. Sun R.J. Theoretical size of hydraulically induced horizontal fractures and corresponding surface uplift in an idealized medium. Journal of Geophysical Research 1969, 74(25):5995-6011.
80. Szarawarska E., Huuse M., Hurst A., De Boer W., Lu L., Molyneux S., Rawlinson P. Three-dimensional seismic characterisation of large-scale sandstone intrusions in the lower Palaeogene of the North Sea: completely injected vs. in situ remobilised sandbodies. Basin Research 2010, 22(4):517-532.
81. Taisne B., Jaupart C. Dike propagation through layered rocks. Journal of Geophysical Research 2009, 114.
82. Thomson K. Volcanic features of the North Rockall Trough: application of visualisation techniques on 3D seismic reflection data. Bulletin of Volcanology 2004, 67(2):116-128.
83. Thomson K. Determining magma flow in sills, dykes and laccoliths and their implications for sill emplacement mechanisms. Bulletin of Volcanology 2007, 70(2):183-201.
84. Thomson K., Hutton D. Geometry and growth of sill complexes: insights using 3D seismic from the North Rockall Trough. Bulletin of Volcanology 2004, 66(4):364-375.
85. Timoshenko S., Woinowsky-Krieger S. Theory of Plates and Shells 1959, McGraw-Hill Book Company, New York.
86. Turcotte D.L., Schubert G. Geodynamics 2002, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge.
87. Vasco D.W., Puska C.M., Smith R.B., Meertens C.M. Crustal deformation and source models of the Yellowstone field from geodetic data. Journal of Geophysical Research 2007, 112:B07402.
88. Woo J.Y.L., Kilburn C.R.J. Intrusion and deformation at Campi Flegrei, southern Italy: Sills, dikes, and regional extension. Journal of Geophysical Research 2010, 115(B12):B12210.