Designing clean jet noise facilities and making accurate jet noise measurements

41st Aerospace Sciences Meeting and Exhibit

Volumn , Issue , 2003, Pages

  Ahuja, K K ^a  

^a GEORGIA INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

EID: 84873803734     PISSN: None     EISSN: None     Source Type: Conference Proceeding    
DOI: None     Document Type: Conference Paper

References (60)

1. Ahuja, K. K., "An Experimental study of Jet Noise with Particular Reference to the Effects of Upstream Disturbances, " M. Phil Thesis, University of London, U.K., September, 1972.
2. Ahuja, K. K., and Bushell, K. K., "An Experimental Study of Subsonic Jet Noise and Comparison with Theory, " Journal of Sound and Vibration, Vol. 30, No. 3, pp. 317-341, 1973.
3. Ahuja, K. K., "Correlation and Prediction of Jet Noise, " Journal of Sound and Vibration, Vol. 29, No. 2, pp. 155-168, 1973
4. Lush, P. A., "Measurement of Subsonic Jet Noise and Comparison with Theory. " Journal of Fluid Mechanics, Vol. 46, pp. 477-500, 1971.
5. Nossier, N. S., and Ribner, H. S., "Tests of a Theoretical Model of Jet Noise, " AIAA Paper 75-436, 1975.
6. Mani, R., "The Influence of Jet Flow on Jet Noise. Part I. The Noise of Unheated Jets, " Journal of Fluid Mechanics, 73(4), pp. 753-778, 1976.
7. Tam, Christopher K.W., and Pastoouchenko, Nikolai, "Noise from the Fine Scale Turbulence of Nonaxisymmetric Jets. " AIAA Aeroacoustics Conference, AIAA paper 2001-2187, May 2001.
8. Ahuja, K.K., "Noise Studies of Cold and Heated Model Jets at Supersonic and High Subsonic Speeds with Particular Reference to Noise Reduction, " Ph.D. Dissertation, Syracuse University, August 1976.
9. Tanna, H.K., Tam, C.K.W., and Brown, W.H., "Shock Associated Noise Reduction From Inverted-Velocity-Profile Coannular Jets, " Lockheed-Georgia Co., NASA Contractor Report 3454, Contract No. NAS1-15971, August 1981.
10. Wünning, J.A., Wünning, J.G., "Flameless Oxidation to Reduce Thermal No-formation, " Prog. Energy Combustion Science, Vol. 23, pp. 81-94, 1997.
11. x combustion using highly preheated air, " Journal of Energy Conversion and Management, Article 1353, 2000.
12. Salikuddin, M., Dean, P. D., Plumblee, H. E., Jr., and Ahuja, K. K., "An Impulse Test Technique with Application to Acoustic Measurements, " AIAA 79-0679, 5th AIAA Aeroacoustics Conference, Seattle, WA, March 1979.
13. Chung, J. Y., "Rejection of Flow Noise Using a Coherence Function Method, " Journal of the Acoustical Society of America, Vol. 62, No. 2, pp.388-395, 1977.
14. Shivashankara, B. N., High Bypass Ratio Engine Noise Component Separation by Coherence Technique, AIAA 81-2054, AIAA 7th Aeroacoustics Conference, Palo Alto, California, October 5-6, 1981.
15. Stoker, R. W., Ahuja, K. K., and Hsu, J. S., Separation of Wind-Tunnel Background Noise and Wind Noise from Interior Measurements, AIAA-96-1763, AIAA/CEAS 2nd Aeroacoustics Conference, May 6-8, 1996.
16. Burrin, R. H., Dean, P. D., and Tanna, H. K., "A New Anechoic Facility For Supersonic Hot Jet Noise Research at Lockheed-Georgia, " in The Generation of Supersonic Jet Noise, U. S. Air Force Aero propulsion Laboratory Technical Report AFAPL-TR-74-24, 1974.
17. Private Communication with Dr. Bridges, James of NASA Glenn Research Center.
18. Castner, Raymond S., "The Nozzle Acoustic Test Rig; An Acoustic and Aerodynamic Free-Jet Facility, NASA Technical Memorandum 106495, AIAA 94-2565, 18th AIAA Aerospace Ground Testing Conference, Colorado Springs, Co., June 20-23, 1994.
19. Kuhn, G. F., and Morfey C. L., "Noise due to Fully Developed Turbulent Flow Exhausting from Straight and Bent Pipes, " Journal of sound and Vibration, Vol. 44, pp. 27-35, 1976.
20. Phillips, O., "The intensity of aeolian tones, " J. Fluid Mech., Vol. 1, 1956, pp. 607-624.
21. Blevins, R., "Review of Sound Induced by Vortex Shedding From Cylinders, " J. Sound Vib., Vol. 92, No. 4, 1984, pp. 455-470.
22. Ingard, K. U., "Fundamentals of Waves and Oscillations, " Cambridge University Press, 1988
23. th AIAA Aerospace Sciences Meeting & Exhibit, 8-1 January 2001.
24. Ahuja, K. K., Martin, J., Miller, B., and Gu, Xiaogang, "On Automobile Antenna and Roof Rack Noise Control, " AIAA 93-4398, 15th Aeroacoustics Conference, Long Beach, CA., October 25-27, 1993.
25. Heller, H. H., Holmes, D. G., and Covert, E. E., Flow-induced pressure oscillations in shallow cavities. Journal of Sound and Vibration, 18, 533-545(1971).
26. Ahuja, K. K., and Mendoza, Jeff, "Effects of Cavity Dimensions, Boundary Layer, and Temperature on Cavity Noise with Emphasis on Benchmark Data to Validate Computational Aeroacoustic Codes, " NASA CR-4653. February 1995.
27. Flandro, G. A. and Jacobs, H. R., "Vortex-Generated Sound in Cavities, " Progress in Astronautics and Aeronautics, Vol. 37, edited by H. T. Nagamatsu, Academic press, New York, pp. 521-533, 1975.
28. Culick, F. E. C. and Magiawala, K., "Excitation of Acoustic Modes in a Chamber by Vortex Shedding, " Journal of Sound and Vibration, Vol. 64, No. 3, pp. 455-457, 1979.
29. Dunlap, R. and Brown, R. S., "Exploratory Experiments on Acoustic oscillations Driven by Periodic Vortex Shedding., " AIAA Journal, Vol. 19, No. 3, pp. 408-409, 1981.
30. Karthik, B., Venkateswarlu, N., Kowsik, B. V. R., Chakravarthy, S. R., Sujith, R. I., and Talapukara, "Vortex Resonant Sound Interaction in a Duct Containing an Orifice, " AIAA Paper 2000-25611, 2000.
31. th AIAA Aerospace Sciences Meeting & Exhibit, January 8-1, 2001.
32. Ahuja, K. K., Tanna, H. K., and Tester, B. J., "An Experimental Study of Transmission, Reflection, and Scattering of Sound in a Free Jet Flight Simulation Facility and Comparison with Theory, " Journal of Sound and Vibration, Vol. 75, No. 1, pp. 51-85, 1981.
33. Ahuja, K.K., "Laboratory Simulation of Point Monopole and Point Dipole Sound Sources, " 2nd International Congress on Recent Developments in Air-and Structure-Borne Sound and Vibration, Auburn University, AL. March 4-6, 1992.
34. Salikuddin, M. and Ahuja, K. K., "A Device to Generate High Frequency Noise from Commercially Available Low Frequency Acoustic Drivers, " Journal of Sound and Vibration, Vol. 123, No. 2, pp. 261-280, 1988.
35. Tanna, K. K., "An Experimental Study of Jet Noise Part I: Turbulent Mixing Noise, " Journal of Sound and Vibration, 50(3), 405-428, 1977.
36. Yu, James, C, "Noise Field of a Supersonic Mach 1.5 Cold Model Jet, " JASA, Vol. 51, No. 5, 1972.
37. Viswanathan, K., "Quality of Jet Noise Data: Issues, Implications, and Needs, " AIAA Paper 2002-0365, Jan. 2002.
38. Ahuja, K. K., Tester, B. J., and Tanna, H. K., "The Free Jet as a Simulator of Forward Velocity Effects on Jet Noise, " Final Report, NASA CR-3056, 1978.
39. Ahuja, K. K., "Correlation and Prediction of Jet Noise, " Journal of Sound and Vibration, Vol. 29, No. 2, pp. 155-168, 1973.
40. Gaeta, Jr., R. J. and Ahuja, K. K., "On Jet Noise Scaling with Narrow Band Spectra, " Paper to be presented at the AIAA/CEAS Aeroacoustics Conference, Hilton Head, 2003.
41. Tanna, H. K., and Harper Bourne, M. 'Model Turbojet Exhaust Noise, " Institute of Sound and Vibration Contract Report No. CR72/31, February 1972.
42. Hsu, J. S., and Ahuja, K. K., "A Coherence-Based Technique to Separate Ejector Internal Mixing Noise From Farfield Measurements, " AIAA 98-2296, 4th AIAA/CEAS aeroacoustics Conference, Toulouse, France, June 2-4, 1998.
43. Ahuja, K. K., Massey, K. C., and D'Agostino, M. S., "A simple Technique of Locating Noise Sources of a Jet Under Simulated Forward Motion, "AIAA 98-2359, 4th AIAA/CEAS aeroacoustics Conference, Toulouse, France, June 2-4, 1998.
44. Chu, W. T., Laufer, J, and Kao, K., "Noise Source Distribution in Subsonic Jets, " International Conference on Noise Control, Washington D.C., 4-6 October 1972.
45. Brüel and Kjaer Microphone Handbook on Microphones, 1996
46. Hsu, J. S., and Ahuja, K. K., "A Coherence-Based Technique to Separate Ejector Internal Mixing Noise From Farfield Measurements, " AIAA 98-2296, 4th AIAA/CEAS Aeroacoustics Conference, Toulouse, France, June 2-4, 1998.
47. Ahuja, K. K., Salikuddin, M., and Plumblee, H. E., Jr., Characteristics of Internal-and Jet-Noise Radiation from a Multi-tube Suppressor Nozzle Tested Statically and Under Flight Simulation, AIAA 80-1027, 6th AIAA Aeroacoustics Conference, Hartford, CT, June 1980.
48. Dean, P. D., Salikuddin, M., Ahuja, K. K., Plumblee, H. E., and Mungur, P., Studies of the Acoustic Transmission Characteristics of Coaxial Jets with Inverted Velocity Profiles, Final Report, NASA CR-159698, 1979.
49. Ahuja, K. K., Tester, B. J., and Tanna, H. K., "The Free Jet as a Simulator of Forward Velocity Effects on Jet Noise, " Final Report, NASA CR-3056, 1978.
50. Parekh, D.E., Kibens, V., Wiltse, J.M., Glezer, A., and Smith, D.M., "Innovative Jet Flow Control: Mixing Enhancement Experiments, " AIAA Paper 96-0308, 1996.
51. Wickersham, Paul and Parekh, David, "Real Time Optimization of Jet Mixing Via Evolution Strategies, " ASME Paper FEDSM2001-18282, 2001.
52. McLaughlin, D. K., Morrison, G. L., Troutt, T. R., "Experiments on the Instability Waves in a Supersonic Jet and Their Acoustic Radiation, " Journal of Fluid Mechanics, Vol. 69, pp 73-95, 1975.
53. Munro, Scott, E., " Noise Control through Circulation Control Technology, " PhD Thesis, Georgia Institute of Technology, School of Aerospace Engineering, March 2000.
54. Beranek, Leo. L, " Noise and Vibration Control, " McGraw-Hill, Inc., 1971.
55. A large number of published jet noise studies appear to have been carried out using Bruel and Kjaer (B & K) condenser microphones. At Georgia Tech, the author's research group currently employs B & K type 4939 microphones with a 1/4-inch diameter grid for much of its jet noise work where typically data up to a frequency of 80 kHz is examined. Much of the discussion here will, thus, refer to the frequency response of this microphone although the general comments apply to all microphones.
56. Private discussions with various B & K technical representatives.
57. Piercy, J. E., Embleton, T. F. W., and Sutherland, L C., "Review of Sound Propagation in Atmosphere, " Journal of Acoustical Society of America, Vol. 61, 1977, pp. 1403-1418.
58. Bass, H. E., Zuckerwar, A. J., Blackstock, D. T., and Sutherland, L. C., "Atmospheric Absorption of Sound: Further Developments, " Journal of Acoustical Society of America, Vol. 97, 1995, pp. 680-683.
59. American National Standards Institute, "Method for the Calculation of the Absorption of Sound by the Atmosphere, " ANSI S1.26-1995 (Revision of ANSI S1.26, 1978).
60. Sutherland, Louis. C., and Daigle, Gilles A, "Atmospheric Sound Propagation, " Encyclopedia of Acoustics, Volume 1, Edited by Malcolm J. Crocker, John Wiley and Sons, Inc., 1997, pp.341-365.