Earthquake nucleation and triggering on an optimally oriented fault

Earth and Planetary Science Letters

Volumn 363, Issue , 2013, Pages 231-241

  Tape, Carl ^a   West, Michael ^a   Silwal, Vipul ^a,b   Ruppert, Natalia ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF ALASKA FAIRBANKS   (United States)

^b INDIAN INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY   (India)

Author keywords

Earthquake nucleation; Earthquake triggering; Strain; Stress

Indexed keywords

ALASKA EARTHQUAKES; DELAY TIME; EARTHQUAKE NUCLEATION; EARTHQUAKE RUPTURE; EARTHQUAKE TRIGGERING; LOVE WAVE; SEISMIC SURFACE WAVE; SOURCE MECHANISMS; STRAIN CONDITIONS; STRESS FIELD; STRIKE-SLIP EARTHQUAKES; TELESEISMIC; THEORETICAL STUDY; TRANSIENT STRESS; TRIGGERED EARTHQUAKES;

FAULTING; NUCLEATION; STRAIN; STRESSES; SURFACE WAVES;

EARTHQUAKES;

EARTHQUAKE RUPTURE; EARTHQUAKE TRIGGER; FAULT ZONE; FORESHOCK; LOVE WAVE; SEISMIC WAVE; SHEAR STRAIN; STRESS FIELD; STRESS-STRAIN RELATIONSHIP; STRIKE-SLIP FAULT; TELESEISMIC WAVE;

ALASKA; UNITED STATES;

EID: 84873737774     PISSN: 0012821X     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.epsl.2012.11.060     Document Type: Article

References (61)

1. Ampuero, J.-P., Vilotte, J.-P., Sánchez-Sesma, F.J., 2002. Nucleation of rupture under slip dependent friction law: Simple models of fault zone, J. Geophys. Res., 107(B12), 2324, http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2001JB000452.
2. Antonioli A., Belardinelli M.E., Bizzarri A., Vogfjord K.S. Evidence of instantaneous dynamic triggering during the seismic sequence of year 2000 in south Iceland. J. Geophys. Res. 2006, 111:B03302. 10.1029/2005JB003935.
3. Belardinelli M.E., Bizzarri A., Cocco M. Earthquake triggering by static and dynamic stress changes. J. Geophys. Res. 2003, 108(B3):2135. 10.1029/2002JB001779.
4. Ben-David O., Cohen G., Fineberg J. The dynamics of the onset of frictional slip. Science 2010, 330:211-214.
5. Beroza G.C., Ellsworth W.L. Properties of the seismic nucleation phase. Tectonophysics 1996, 261:209-227.
6. w 7.6 Izmit earthquake. Science 2011, 331:877-880.
7. Brodsky E.E., Prejean S.G. New constraints on mechanisms of remotely triggered seismicity at Long Valley Caldera. J. Geophys. Res. 2005, 110:B04302. 10.1029/2004JB003211.
8. Brune, J.N., Thatcher, W. 2002. Strength and energetics of active fault zones. In: Lee, W.H.K., Kanamori, H., Jennings, P.C., Kisslinger, C. (Eds.), International Handbook of Earthquake and Engineering Seismology, International Geophysics Series, vol. 81A, Academic Press, pp. 569-588.
9. Campillo M., Ionescu I.R. Initiaion of antiplane shear instability under slip dependent friction. J. Geophys. Res. 1997, 102(B9):20,363-20,371.
10. Dieterich J.H. Preseismic fault slip and earthquake prediction. J. Geophys. Res. 1978, 83:3940-3948.
11. Dieterich J.H., Kilgore B. Implications of fault constitutive properties for earthquake prediction. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 1996, 93:3787-3794.
12. Dziewonski A., Chou T.A., Woodhouse J.H. Determination of earthquake source parameters from waveform data for studies of global and regional seismicity. J. Geophys. Res. 1981, 86:2825-2852. GCMT catalog at 〈www.globalcmt.org〉.
13. Dziewonski A.M., Steim J.M. Dispersion and attenuation of mantle waves through waveform inversion. Geophys. J. R. Astron. Soc. 1982, 70:503-527.
14. Ellsworth W.L., Beroza G.C. Seismic evidence for an earthquake nucleation phase. Science 1995, 268:851-855.
15. Freed A.M. Earthquake triggering by static, dynamic, and postseismic stress transfer. Annu. Rev. Earth Planet. Sci. 2005, 33:335-367.
16. Freymueller, J.T., Woodard, H., Cohen, S.C., Cross, R., Elliott, J., Larsen, C.F., Hreinsdóttir, S., Zweck, C., 2008. Active deformation processes in Alaska, based on 15 years of GPS measurements. In: Freymueller, J.T., Haeussler, P.J., Wesson, R., Ekström, G. (Eds.), Active Tectonics and Seismic Potential of Alaska, vol. 179, Geophysical Monograph. American Geophysical Union, Washington, DC, pp. 1-42.
17. Gomberg J., Beeler N.M., Blanpied M.L., Bodin P. Earthquake triggering by transient and static deformations. J. Geophys. Res. 1998, 103:24,411-24,426.
18. s=5.4 Little Skull Mountain, Nevada, earthquake with dynamic strains. Bull. Seismol. Soc. Am. 1994, 84:844-853.
19. Gomberg J., Bodin P., Dragert H. Earthquake nucleation by transient deformations caused by the M=7.9 Denali, Alaska, earthquake. Nature 2004, 427:621-624.
20. Hill D.P. Dynamic stresses, Coulomb failure, and remote triggering. Bull. Seismol. Soc. Am. 2008, 98:66-92.
21. Hill D.P., et al. Seismicity remotely triggered by the magnitude 7.3 Landers, California, earthquake. Science 1993, 260:1617-1623.
22. Hough S.E., Kanamori H. Source properties of earthquakes near the Salton Sea triggered by the 16 October 1999 M7.1 Hector Mine, California, earthquake. Bull. Seismol. Soc. Am. 2002, 92:1281-1289.
23. Iio Y. Observations of the slow initial phase generated by microearthquakes: Implications for earthquake nucleation and propagation. J. Geophys. Res. 1995, 100(B8):15,333-15,349.
24. Kaneko Y., Ampuero J.-P. A mechanism for preseismic steady rupture fronts observed in laboratory experiments. Geophys. Res. Lett. 2011, 38:L21307. 10.1029/2011GL049953.
25. Lapusta N., Rice J.R. Nucleation and early seismic propagation of small and large events in a crustal earthquake model. J. Geophys. Res. 2003, 108(B4):2205. 10.1029/2001JB000793.
26. Lockner D.A., Morrow C., Moore D., Hickman S. Low strength of deep San Andreas fault gouge from SAFOD core. Nature 2011, 472:82-86.
27. Malvern L.E. Introduction to the Mechanics of a Continuous Medium 1969, Prentice-Hall, Upper Saddle River, NJ, USA.
28. w 8.6 Sumatra Earthquake. Science 2012, 337:724-726.
29. Miyazawa M., Brodsky E.E. Deep low-frequency tremor that correlates with passing surface waves. J. Geophys. Res. 2008, 113:B01307. 10.1029/2006JB004890.
30. Mori J., Kanamori H. Initial rupture of earthquakes in the 1995 Ridgecrest, California sequence. Geophys. Res. Lett. 1996, 23:2437-2440.
31. Nielsen S., Taddeucci J., Vinciguerra S. Experimental observation of stick-slip instability fronts. Geophys. J. Int. 2010, 180:697-702.
32. Ohnaka M., Shen L. Scaling of the shear rupture process from nucleation to dynamic propagation. implications of geometric irregularity of the rupturing surfaces. J. Geophys. Res. 1999, 104:817-844.
33. Özalaybey S., Ergin M., Aktar M., Tapirdamaz C., Biçmen F., Yörük A. The 1999 İzmit earthquake sequence in Turkey. seismological and tectonic aspects. Bull. Seismol. Soc. Am. 2002, 92:376-386.
34. Page R.A., Plafker G., Pulpan H. Block rotation in east-central Alaska. a framework for evaluating earthquake potential?. Geology 1995, 23:629-632.
35. Parsons T., Kaven J.O., Velasco A.A., Gonzalez-Huizar H. Unraveling the apparent magnitude threshold of remote earthquake triggering using full wavefield surface wave simulation. Geochem. Geophys. Geosyst. 2006, 13(6):Q06016. 10.1029/2012GC004164.
36. Parsons T., Velasco A.A. Absence of remotely triggered large earthquakes beyond the mainshock region. Nat. Geosci. 2011, 4:312-316.
37. Peng Z., Gomberg J. An integrated perspective of the continuum between earthquakes and slow-slip phenomena. Nat. Geosci. 2010, 3:599-607.
38. Peng Z., Vidale J.E., Ishii M., Helmstetter A. Seismicity rate immediately before and after main shock rupture from high-frequency waveforms in Japan. J. Geophys. Res. 2007, 112:B03306. 10.1029/2006JB004386.
39. Perfettini H., Schmittbuhl J., Cochard A. Shear and normal load perturbations on a two-dimensional continuous fault. 2. Dynamic triggering. J. Geophys. Res. 2003, 108(B9):2409. 10.1029/2002JB001805.
40. Pollitz F.F., Stein R.S., Sevilgen V., Bürgmann R. The 11 April 2012 east Indian Ocean earthquake triggered large aftershocks worldwide. Nature 2012, 490:250-253.
41. Ratchkovski N.A., Hansen R.A. New constrains on tectonics of interior Alaska. earthquake locations, source mechanisms, and stress regime. Bull. Seismol. Soc. Am. 2002, 92:998-1014.
42. Rondenay S., Montési L.G.J., Abers G.A. New geophysical insight into the origin of the Denali volcanic gap. Geophys. J. Int. 2010, 182:613-630.
43. Rubin A.M., Ampuero J.-P. Earthquake nucleation on (aging) rate and state faults. J. Geophys. Res. 2005, 110:B11312. 10.1029/2005JB003686.
44. Rubinstein J.L., Vidale J.E., Gomberg J., Bodin P., Creager K.C., Malone S.D. Non-volcanic tremor driven by large transient shear stresses. Nature 2007, 448:579-582.
45. Sagy A., Brodsky E.E. Geometric and rheological asperities in an exposed fault zone. J. Geophys. Res. 2009, 114:B02301. 10.1029/2008JB005701.
46. Savage H.M., Marone C. Potential for earthquake triggering from transient deformations. J. Geophys. Res. 2008, 113:B05302. 10.1029/2007JB005277.
47. Scholz C.H. The Mechanics of Earthquakes and Faulting 2002, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, UK. 2nd ed.
48. Shearer P.M. Introduction to Seismology 2009, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, UK. 2nd ed.
49. Shearer P.M., Prieto G.A., Hauksson E. Comprehensive analysis of earthquake source spectra in southern California. J. Geophys. Res. 2006, 111:B06303. 10.1029/2005JB003979.
50. Shelly D.R., Peng Z., Hill D.P., Aiken C. Triggered creep as a possible mechanism for delayed dynamic triggering of tremor and earthquakes. Nat. Geosci. 2011, 4:384-388.
51. Tape, C., 2012. Assessment of Station Metadata in Alaska Based on Analysis of Love Waves from the 2012-04-11 Mw 8.6 Offshore Sumatra Earthquake, Version 3 (November 19, 2012). Alaska Earthquake Information Center Technical Report, available on-line, 36 pp.
52. Tape W., Tape C. Angle between principal axes triples. Geophys. J. Int. 2012, 191:813-831.
53. Tromp J., Komatitsch D., Hjörleifsdóttir V., Liu Q., Zhu H., Peter D., Bozdag E., McRitchie D., Friberg P., Trabant C., Hutko A. Near real-time simulations of global CMT earthquakes. Geophys. J. Int. 2010, 183:381-389.
54. Van Kooten G.K., Richter M., Zippi P.A. Alaska's Interior rift basins. a new frontier for discovery. Oil Gas J. 2012, 110(1a). 10 pp.
55. Veenstra E., Christensen D.H., Abers G.A., Ferris A. Crustal thickness variation in south-central Alaska. Geology 2006, 34:781-784.
56. Velasco A.A., Hernandez S., Parsons T., Pankow K. Global ubiquity of dynamic earthquake triggering. Nat. Geosci. 2008, 1:375-379.
57. West M., Sánchez J.J., McNutt S.R. Periodically triggered seismicity at Mount Wrangell, Alaska, after the Sumatra earthquake. Science 2005, 308:1144-1146.
58. Wu C., Peng Z., Weng W., Chen Q.F. Dynamic triggering of shallow earthquakes near Beijing, China. Geophys. J. Int. 2011, 185:1321-1334.
59. Zhu L., Helmberger D. Advancement in source estimation techniques using broadband regional seismograms. Bull. Seismol. Soc. Am. 1996, 86:1634-1641.
60. Zhu L., Rivera L.A. A note on the dynamic and static displacements from a point source in multilayered media. Geophys. J. Int. 2002, 148:619-627.
61. Zoback M.D., Zoback M.L., Mount V.S., Suppe J., Eaton J.P., Healy J.H., Oppenheimer D., Reasenberg P., Jones L., Raleigh C.B., Wong I.G., Scotti O., Wentworth C. New evidence on the state of stress of the San Andreas fault system. Science 1987, 238:1105-1111.