What is the role of adiponectin in obesity related non-alcoholic fatty liver disease?

World Journal of Gastroenterology

Volumn 19, Issue 6, 2013, Pages 802-812

  Finelli, Carmine ^a,b   Tarantino, Giovanni ^a,b  

^a Stella Maris Mediterraneum Foundation   (Italy)

^b UNIVERSITY OF NAPLES FEDERICO II   (Italy)

Author keywords

Adipokines; Adiponectin; Non alcoholic fatty liver disease; Obesity; Visceral fat

Indexed keywords

2,4 THIAZOLIDINEDIONE DERIVATIVE; ACETYL COENZYME A CARBOXYLASE; ADIPONECTIN; ADIPONECTIN RECEPTOR 1; ADIPONECTIN RECEPTOR 2; C REACTIVE PROTEIN; FATTY ACID; IMMUNOGLOBULIN ENHANCER BINDING PROTEIN; INTERLEUKIN 10; INTERLEUKIN 6; LEPTIN; OLIGOMER; PEROXISOME PROLIFERATOR ACTIVATED RECEPTOR ALPHA; REACTIVE OXYGEN METABOLITE; STEROL REGULATORY ELEMENT BINDING PROTEIN 1C; TOLL LIKE RECEPTOR 4; TUMOR NECROSIS FACTOR ALPHA; UNCOUPLING PROTEIN 2;

DISEASE ASSOCIATION; DISEASE SEVERITY; GENETIC POLYMORPHISM; HUMAN; INSULIN RESISTANCE; INTRAABDOMINAL FAT; MOLECULAR WEIGHT; NONALCOHOLIC FATTY LIVER; NONHUMAN; OBESITY; PATHOGENESIS; PROTEIN EXPRESSION; REVIEW; RISK FACTOR; SIGNAL TRANSDUCTION; WEIGHT REDUCTION;

EID: 84873720119     PISSN: 10079327     EISSN: 22192840     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v19.i6.802     Document Type: Review

References (143)

1. Tarantino G, Saldalamacchia G, Conca P, Arena A. Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease: further expression of the metabolic syndrome. J Gastroenterol Hepatol 2007; 22: 293-303. [PMID: 17295757 DOI: 10.1111/j.1440-1746.2007.04824.x]
2. Fan JG, Saibara T, Chitturi S, Kim BI, Sung JJ, Chutaputti A. What are the risk factors and settings for nonalcoholic fatty liver disease in Asia-Pacific? J Gastroenterol Hepatol 2007; 22: 794-800. [PMID: 17498218 DOI: 10.1111/ j.1440-1746.2007.04952.x]
3. Tajiri K, Shimizu Y. Role of NKT Cells in the Pathogenesis of NAFLD. Int J Hepatol 2012; 2012: 850836. [PMID: 22577564]
4. Farrell GC, Larter CZ. Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease: from steatosis to cirrhosis. Hepatology 2006; 43: S99-S112. [PMID: 16447287 DOI: 10.1002/hep.20973]
5. Hamaguchi M, Takeda N, Kojima T, Ohbora A, Kato T, Sarui H, Fukui M, Nagata C, Takeda J. Identification of individuals with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease by the diagnostic criteria for the metabolic syndrome. World J Gastroenterol 2012; 18: 1508-1516. [PMID: 22509083 DOI: 10.3748/wjg. v18.i13.1508]
6. Lazo M, Hernaez R, Bonekamp S, Kamel IR, Brancati FL, Guallar E, Clark JM. Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease and mortality among US adults: prospective cohort study. BMJ 2011; 343: d6891. [PMID: 22102439 DOI: 10.1136/bmj.d6891]
7. Edens MA, Kuipers F, Stolk RP. Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease is associated with cardiovascular disease risk markers. Obes Rev 2009; 10: 412-419. [PMID: 19413701 DOI: 10.1111/j.1467-789X.2009.00594.x]
8. Watanabe S, Yaginuma R, Ikejima K, Miyazaki A. Liver diseases and metabolic syndrome. J Gastroenterol 2008; 43: 509-518. [PMID: 18648737 DOI: 10.1007/s00535-008-2193-6]
9. Tsochatzis EA, Papatheodoridis GV. Is there any progress in the treatment of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease? World J Gastrointest Pharmacol Ther 2011; 2: 1-5. [PMID: 21577310 DOI: 10.4292/wjgpt.v2.i1.1]
10. Lee J, Chung DS, Kang JH, Yu BY. Comparison of visceral fat and liver fat as risk factors of metabolic syndrome. J Korean Med Sci 2012; 27: 184-189. [PMID: 22323866 DOI: 10.3346/jkms.2012.27.2.184]
11. Obika M, Noguchi H. Diagnosis and evaluation of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. Exp Diabetes Res 2012; 2012: 145754. [PMID: 22110476]
12. Tarantino G, Colao A, Capone D, Conca P, Tarantino M, Grimaldi E, Chianese D, Finelli C, Contaldo F, Scopacasa F, Savastano S. Circulating levels of cytochrome C, gammaglutamyl transferase, triglycerides and unconjugated bilirubin in overweight/obese patients with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. J Biol Regul Homeost Agents 2011; 25: 47-56. [PMID: 21382273]
13. Tarantino G, Finelli C, Colao A, Capone D, Tarantino M, Grimaldi E, Chianese D, Gioia S, Pasanisi F, Contaldo F, Scopacasa F, Savastano S. Are hepatic steatosis and carotid intima media thickness associated in obese patients with normal or slightly elevated gamma-glutamyl-transferase? J Transl Med 2012; 10: 50. [PMID: 22424154 DOI: 10.1186/1479-5876-10-50]
14. Thorn SR, Rozance PJ, Brown LD, Hay WW. The intrauterine growth restriction phenotype: fetal adaptations and potential implications for later life insulin resistance and diabetes. Semin Reprod Med 2011; 29: 225-236. [PMID: 21710398 DOI: 10.1055/s-0031-1275516]
15. Houmard JA. Intramuscular lipid oxidation and obesity. Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol 2008; 294: R1111-R1116. [PMID: 18256136 DOI: 10.1152/ajpregu.00396.2007]
16. Joseph AM, Joanisse DR, Baillot RG, Hood DA. Mitochondrial dysregulation in the pathogenesis of diabetes: potential for mitochondrial biogenesis-mediated interventions. Exp Diabetes Res 2012; 2012: 642038. [PMID: 22203837]
17. Rocha PM, Barata JT, Minderico CS, Silva AM, Teixeira PJ, Sardinha LB. Visceral abdominal and subfascial femoral adipose tissue have opposite associations with liver fat in overweight and obese premenopausal caucasian women. J Lipids 2011; 2011: 154672. [PMID: 21961071]
18. Longato L, Ripp K, Setshedi M, Dostalek M, Akhlaghi F, Branda M, Wands JR, de la Monte SM. Insulin resistance, ceramide accumulation, and endoplasmic reticulum stress in human chronic alcohol-related liver disease. Oxid Med Cell Longev 2012; 2012: 479348. [PMID: 22577490]
19. Yoshimura E, Kumahara H, Tobina T, Matono S, Kiyonaga A, Kimura M, Tsukikawa H, Kono S, Etou T, Irie S, Anzai K, Tanaka H. Relationships between fat deposition in the liver and skeletal muscle and insulin sensitivity in Japanese individuals: a pilot study. Diabetes Metab Syndr Obes 2011; 4: 35-43. [PMID: 21448320 DOI: 10.2147/DMSO.S16175]
20. Gathercole LL, Morgan SA, Bujalska IJ, Hauton D, Stewart PM, Tomlinson JW. Regulation of lipogenesis by glucocorticoids and insulin in human adipose tissue. PLoS One 2011; 6: e26223. [PMID: 22022575 DOI: 10.1371/journal. pone.0026223]
21. Choi SH, Ginsberg HN. Increased very low density lipoprotein (VLDL) secretion, hepatic steatosis, and insulin resistance. Trends Endocrinol Metab 2011; 22: 353-363. [PMID: 21616678 DOI: 10.1016/j.tem.2011.04.007]
22. Capeau J. Insulin resistance and steatosis in humans. Diabetes Metab 2008; 34: 649-657. [PMID: 19195626 DOI: 10.1016/S1262-3636(08)74600-7]
23. Nagarajan P, Mahesh Kumar MJ, Venkatesan R, Majundar SS, Juyal RC. Genetically modified mouse models for the study of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. World J Gastroenterol 2012; 18: 1141-1153. [PMID: 22468076 DOI: 10.3748/wjg. v18.i11.1141]
24. Nagata K, Suzuki H, Sakaguchi S. Common pathogenic mechanism in development progression of liver injury caused by non-alcoholic or alcoholic steatohepatitis. J Toxicol Sci 2007; 32: 453-468. [PMID: 18198478 DOI: 10.2131/ jts.32.453]
25. Mirza MS. Obesity, Visceral Fat, and NAFLD: Querying the Role of Adipokines in the Progression of Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease. ISRN Gastroenterol 2011; 2011: 592404. [PMID: 21991518]
26. Charlton M. Noninvasive indices of fibrosis in NAFLD: starting to think about a three-hit (at least) phenomenon. Am J Gastroenterol 2007; 102: 409-411. [PMID: 17311653 DOI: 10.1111/j.1572-0241.2006.01039.x]
27. de Luca C, Olefsky JM. Inflammation and insulin resistance. FEBS Lett 2008; 582: 97-105. [PMID: 18053812 DOI: 10.1016/ j.febslet.2007.11.057]
28. Liu Q, Bengmark S, Qu S. The role of hepatic fat accumulation in pathogenesis of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). Lipids Health Dis 2010; 9: 42. [PMID: 20426802 DOI: 10.1186/1476-511X-9-42]
29. Polyzos SA, Kountouras J, Zavos C. Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease: the pathogenetic roles of insulin resistance and adipocytokines. Curr Mol Med 2009; 9: 299-314. [PMID: 19355912 DOI: 10.2174/156652409787847191]
30. van der Poorten D, Milner KL, Hui J, Hodge A, Trenell MI, Kench JG, London R, Peduto T, Chisholm DJ, George J. Visceral fat: a key mediator of steatohepatitis in metabolic liver disease. Hepatology 2008; 48: 449-457. [PMID: 18627003 DOI: 10.1002/hep.22350]
31. El-Koofy NM, Anwar GM, El-Raziky MS, El-Hennawy AM, El-Mougy FM, El-Karaksy HM, Hassanin FM, Helmy HM. The association of metabolic syndrome, insulin resistance and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease in overweight/ obese children. Saudi J Gastroenterol 2012; 18: 44-49. [PMID: 22249092 DOI: 10.4103/1319-3767.91738]
32. Jang S, Lee CH, Choi KM, Lee J, Choi JW, Kim KA, Park CM. Correlation of fatty liver and abdominal fat distribution using a simple fat computed tomography protocol. World J Gastroenterol 2011; 17: 3335-3341. [PMID: 21876622 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v17.i28.3335]
33. Verrijken A, Francque S, Mertens I, Talloen M, Peiffer F, Van Gaal L. Visceral adipose tissue and inflammation correlate with elevated liver tests in a cohort of overweight and obese patients. Int J Obes (Lond) 2010; 34: 899-907. [PMID: 20142825 DOI: 10.1038/ijo.2010.4]
34. Koda M, Kawakami M, Murawaki Y, Senda M. The impact of visceral fat in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease: crosssectional and longitudinal studies. J Gastroenterol 2007; 42: 897-903. [PMID: 18008034 DOI: 10.1007/s00535-007-2107-z]
35. Foster MT, Shi H, Seeley RJ, Woods SC. Transplantation or removal of intra-abdominal adipose tissue prevents age-induced glucose insensitivity. Physiol Behav 2010; 101: 282-288. [PMID: 20570685 DOI: 10.1016/j.physbeh.2010.05.014]
36. Antuna-Puente B, Feve B, Fellahi S, Bastard JP. Adipokines: the missing link between insulin resistance and obesity. Diabetes Metab 2008; 34: 2-11. [PMID: 18093861 DOI: 10.1016/ j.diabet.2007.09.004]
37. Matsuzawa Y. Adiponectin: a key player in obesity re-lated disorders. Curr Pharm Des 2010; 16: 1896-1901. [PMID: 20370675 DOI: 10.2174/138161210791208893]
38. Tarantino G, Savastano S, Colao A. Hepatic steatosis, lowgrade chronic inflammation and hormone/growth factor/adipokine imbalance. World J Gastroenterol 2010; 16: 4773-4783. [PMID: 20939105 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v16.i38.4773]
39. Fiorenza CG, Chou SH, Mantzoros CS. Lipodystrophy: pathophysiology and advances in treatment. Nat Rev Endocrinol 2011; 7: 137-150. [PMID: 21079616 DOI: 10.1038/nrendo.2010.199]
40. Chong AY, Lupsa BC, Cochran EK, Gorden P. Efficacy of leptin therapy in the different forms of human lipodystrophy. Diabetologia 2010; 53: 27-35. [PMID: 19727665 DOI: 10.1007/s00125-009-1502-9]
41. Huang XD, Fan Y, Zhang H, Wang P, Yuan JP, Li MJ, Zhan XY. Serum leptin and soluble leptin receptor in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. World J Gastroenterol 2008; 14: 2888-2893. [PMID: 18473416 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.14.2888]
42. Kim IK, Kim J, Kang JH, Song J. Serum leptin as a predictor of fatty liver in 7-year-old Korean children. Ann Nutr Metab 2008; 53: 109-116. [PMID: 18946208 DOI: 10.1159/000165360]
43. Kukla M, Mazur W, Bułdak RJ, Zwirska-Korczala K. Potential role of leptin, adiponectin and three novel adipokines- -visfatin, chemerin and vaspin--in chronic hepatitis. Mol Med 2011; 17: 1397-1410. [PMID: 21738955 DOI: 10.2119/molmed.2010.00105]
44. Braunersreuther V, Viviani GL, Mach F, Montecucco F. Role of cytokines and chemokines in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. World J Gastroenterol 2012; 18: 727-735. [PMID: 22371632 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v18.i8.727]
45. Tarantino G, Scopacasa F, Colao A, Capone D, Tarantino M, Grimaldi E, Savastano S. Serum Bcl-2 concentrations in overweight-obese subjects with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. World J Gastroenterol 2011; 17: 5280-5288. [PMID: 22219597 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v17.i48.5280]
46. Chakraborty JB, Oakley F, Walsh MJ. Mechanisms and biomarkers of apoptosis in liver disease and fibrosis. Int J Hepatol 2012; 2012: 648915. [PMID: 22567408]
47. Farrell GC, van Rooyen D, Gan L, Chitturi S. NASH is an Inflammatory Disorder: Pathogenic, Prognostic and Therapeutic Implications. Gut Liver 2012; 6: 149-171. [PMID: 22570745 DOI: 10.5009/gnl.2012.6.2.149]
48. Maher JJ, Leon P, Ryan JC. Beyond insulin resistance: Innate immunity in nonalcoholic steatohepatitis. Hepatology 2008; 48: 670-678. [PMID: 18666225 DOI: 10.1002/hep.22399]
49. Di Minno MN, Iervolino S, Peluso R, Russolillo A, Lupoli R, Scarpa R, Di Minno G, Tarantino G. Hepatic steatosis and disease activity in subjects with psoriatic arthritis receiving tumor necrosis factor-α blockers. J Rheumatol 2012; 39: 1042-1046. [PMID: 22422493 DOI: 10.3899/jrheum.111391]
50. Chu SH, Lee MK, Ahn KY, Im JA, Park MS, Lee DC, Jeon JY, Lee JW. Chemerin and adiponectin contribute reciprocally to metabolic syndrome. PLoS One 2012; 7: e34710. [PMID: 22509348 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0034710]
51. Buechler C, Wanninger J, Neumeier M. Adiponectin, a key adipokine in obesity related liver diseases. World J Gastroenterol 2011; 17: 2801-2811. [PMID: 21734787]
52. Lemoine M, Ratziu V, Kim M, Maachi M, Wendum D, Paye F, Bastard JP, Poupon R, Housset C, Capeau J, Serfaty L. Serum adipokine levels predictive of liver injury in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. Liver Int 2009; 29: 1431-1438. [PMID: 19422483 DOI: 10.1111/j.1478-3231.2009.02022.x]
53. Dowman JK, Tomlinson JW, Newsome PN. Systematic review: the diagnosis and staging of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease and non-alcoholic steatohepatitis. Aliment Pharmacol Ther 2011; 33: 525-540. [PMID: 21198708 DOI: 10.1111/ j.1365-2036.2010.04556.x]
54. Musso G, Gambino R, Biroli G, Carello M, Fagà E, Pacini G, De Michieli F, Cassader M, Durazzo M, Rizzetto M, Pagano G. Hypoadiponectinemia predicts the severity of hepatic fibrosis and pancreatic Beta-cell dysfunction in nondiabetic nonobese patients with nonalcoholic steatohepatitis. Am J Gastroenterol 2005; 100: 2438-2446. [PMID: 16279898 DOI: 10.1111/j.1572-0241.2005.00297.x]
55. Polyzos SA, Toulis KA, Goulis DG, Zavos C, Kountouras J. Serum total adiponectin in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Metabolism 2011; 60: 313-326. [PMID: 21040935 DOI: 10.1016/ j.metabol.2010.09.003]
56. Van Wagner LB, Rinella ME. The role of insulin-sensitizing agents in the treatment of nonalcoholic steatohepatitis. Therap Adv Gastroenterol 2011; 4: 249-263. [PMID: 21765869 DOI: 10.1177/1756283X11403809]
57. Lee UE, Friedman SL. Mechanisms of hepatic fibrogenesis. Best Pract Res Clin Gastroenterol 2011; 25: 195-206. [PMID: 21497738 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpg.2011.02.005]
58. Yang Z, Wang X, Wen J, Ye Z, Li Q, He M, Lu B, Ling C, Wu S, Hu R. Prevalence of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease and its relation to hypoadiponectinaemia in the middle-aged and elderly Chinese population. Arch Med Sci 2011; 7: 665-672. [PMID: 22291803 DOI: 10.5114/aoms.2011.24137]
59. Takahashi Y, Soejima Y, Fukusato T. Animal models of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease/nonalcoholic steatohepatitis. World J Gastroenterol 2012; 18: 2300-2308. [PMID: 22654421]
60. Matsumoto H, Tamura S, Kamada Y, Kiso S, Fukushima J, Wada A, Maeda N, Kihara S, Funahashi T, Matsuzawa Y, Shimomura I, Hayashi N. Adiponectin deficiency exacerbates lipopolysaccharide/D-galactosamine-induced liver injury in mice. World J Gastroenterol 2006; 12: 3352-3358. [PMID: 16733851]
61. Mandal P, Park PH, McMullen MR, Pratt BT, Nagy LE. The anti-inflammatory effects of adiponectin are mediated via a heme oxygenase-1-dependent pathway in rat Kupffer cells. Hepatology 2010; 51: 1420-1429. [PMID: 20052772 DOI: 10.1002/hep.23427]
62. Rogers CQ, Ajmo JM, You M. Adiponectin and alcoholic fatty liver disease. IUBMB Life 2008; 60: 790-797. [PMID: 18709650 DOI: 10.1002/iub.124]
63. Fukushima J, Kamada Y, Matsumoto H, Yoshida Y, Ezaki H, Takemura T, Saji Y, Igura T, Tsutsui S, Kihara S, Funahashi T, Shimomura I, Tamura S, Kiso S, Hayashi N. Adiponectin prevents progression of steatohepatitis in mice by regulating oxidative stress and Kupffer cell phenotype polarization. Hepatol Res 2009; 39: 724-738. [PMID: 19473437 DOI: 10.1111/j.1872-034X.2009.00509.x]
64. Díez JJ, Iglesias P. The role of the novel adipocyte-derived hormone adiponectin in human disease. Eur J Endocrinol 2003; 148: 293-300. [PMID: 12611609 DOI: 10.1530/ eje.0.1480293]
65. Fukuhara Y, Suda T, Kobayashi M, Tamura Y, Igarashi M, Waguri N, Kawai H, Aoyagi Y. Identification of cellular genes showing differential expression associated with hepatitis B virus infection. World J Hepatol 2012; 4: 139-148. [PMID: 22567186 DOI: 10.4254/wjh.v4.i4.139]
66. Daniele A, Cammarata R, Pasanisi F, Finelli C, Salvatori G, Calcagno G, Bracale R, Labruna G, Nardelli C, Buono P, Sacchetti L, Contaldo F, Oriani G. Molecular analysis of the adiponectin gene in severely obese patients from southern Italy. Ann Nutr Metab 2008; 53: 155-161. [PMID: 19011278 DOI: 10.1159/000172976]
67. Bracale R, Labruna G, Finelli C, Daniele A, Sacchetti L, Oriani G, Contaldo F, Pasanisi F. The absence of polymorphisms in ADRB3, UCP1, PPARγ, and ADIPOQ genes protects morbid obese patients toward insulin resistance. J Endocrinol Invest 2012; 35: 2-4. [PMID: 22391136]
68. Woo YC, Tso AW, Xu A, Law LS, Fong CH, Lam TH, Lo SV, Wat NM, Cheung BM, Lam KS. Combined use of serum adiponectin and tumor necrosis factor-alpha receptor 2 levels was comparable to 2-hour post-load glucose in diabetes prediction. PLoS One 2012; 7: e36868. [PMID: 22615828 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0036868]
69. Kawano J, Arora R. The role of adiponectin in obesity, diabetes, and cardiovascular disease. J Cardiometab Syndr 2009; 4: 44-49. [PMID: 19245516 DOI: 10.1111/j.1559-4572.2008.00030.x]
70. Deng Y, Scherer PE. Adipokines as novel biomarkers and regulators of the metabolic syndrome. Ann N Y Acad Sci 2010; 1212: E1-E19. [PMID: 21276002 DOI: 10.1111/ j.1749-6632.2010.05875.x]
71. Li R, Lau WB, Ma XL. Adiponectin resistance and vascular dysfunction in the hyperlipidemic state. Acta Pharmacol Sin 2010; 31: 1258-1266. [PMID: 20802503 DOI: 10.1038/ aps.2010.95]
72. Oh DK, Ciaraldi T, Henry RR. Adiponectin in health and disease. Diabetes Obes Metab 2007; 9: 282-289. [PMID: 17391153 DOI: 10.1111/j.1463-1326.2006.00610.x]
73. Simpson F, Whitehead JP. Adiponectin--it's all about the modifications. Int J Biochem Cell Biol 2010; 42: 785-788. [PMID: 20044026 DOI: 10.1016/j.biocel.2009.12.021]
74. Briggs DB, Giron RM, Malinowski PR, Nuñez M, Tsao TS. Role of redox environment on the oligomerization of higher molecular weight adiponectin. BMC Biochem 2011; 12: 24. [PMID: 21600065 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2091-12-24]
75. Jungtrakoon P, Plengvidhya N, Tangjittipokin W, Chimnaronk S, Salaemae W, Chongjaroen N, Chanprasert K, Sujjitjoon J, Srisawat C, Yenchitsomanus PT. Novel adiponectin variants identified in type 2 diabetic patients reveal multimerization and secretion defects. PLoS One 2011; 6: e26792. [PMID: 22046359 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0026792]
76. Misu H, Ishikura K, Kurita S, Takeshita Y, Ota T, Saito Y, Takahashi K, Kaneko S, Takamura T. Inverse correlation between serum levels of selenoprotein P and adiponectin in patients with type 2 diabetes. PLoS One 2012; 7: e34952. [PMID: 22496878 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0034952]
77. Mohammadzadeh G, Zarghami N. Hypoadiponectinemia in obese subjects with type II diabetes: A close association with central obesity indices. J Res Med Sci 2011; 16: 713-723. [PMID: 22091299]
78. Richards AA, Stephens T, Charlton HK, Jones A, Macdonald GA, Prins JB, Whitehead JP. Adiponectin multimerization is dependent on conserved lysines in the collagenous domain: evidence for regulation of multimerization by alterations in posttranslational modifications. Mol Endocrinol 2006; 20: 1673-1687. [PMID: 16497731 DOI: 10.1210/ me.2005-0390]
79. Rothan HA, Teh SH, Haron K, Mohamed Z. A Comparative Study on the Expression, Purification and Functional Characterization of Human Adiponectin in Pichia pastoris and Escherichia coli. Int J Mol Sci 2012; 13: 3549-3562. [PMID: 22489167 DOI: 10.3390/ijms13033549]
80. Dadson K, Liu Y, Sweeney G. Adiponectin action: a combination of endocrine and autocrine/paracrine effects. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2011; 2: 62. [PMID: 22649379]
81. Vrachnis N, Belitsos P, Sifakis S, Dafopoulos K, Siristatidis C, Pappa KI, Iliodromiti Z. Role of adipokines and other inflammatory mediators in gestational diabetes mellitus and previous gestational diabetes mellitus. Int J Endocrinol 2012; 2012: 549748. [PMID: 22550485]
82. Suzuki S, Wilson-Kubalek EM, Wert D, Tsao TS, Lee DH. The oligomeric structure of high molecular weight adiponectin. FEBS Lett 2007; 581: 809-814. [PMID: 17292892 DOI: 10.1016/j.febslet.2007.01.046]
83. Yamauchi T, Kadowaki T. Physiological and pathophysiological roles of adiponectin and adiponectin receptors in the integrated regulation of metabolic and cardiovascular diseases. Int J Obes (Lond) 2008; 32 Suppl 7: S13-S18. [PMID: 19136982 DOI: 10.1038/ijo.2008.233]
84. Polak J, Kovacova Z, Holst C, Verdich C, Astrup A, Blaak E, Patel K, Oppert JM, Langin D, Martinez JA, Sørensen TI, Stich V. Total adiponectin and adiponectin multimeric complexes in relation to weight loss-induced improvements in insulin sensitivity in obese women: the NUGENOB study. Eur J Endocrinol 2008; 158: 533-541. [PMID: 18362301 DOI: 10.1530/EJE-07-0512]
85. Salani B, Briatore L, Andraghetti G, Adami GF, Maggi D, Cordera R. High-molecular weight adiponectin isoforms increase after biliopancreatic diversion in obese subjects. Obesity (Silver Spring) 2006; 14: 1511-1514. [PMID: 17030961 DOI: 10.1038/oby.2006.174]
86. Hage MP, Safadi B, Salti I, Nasrallah M. Role of Gut-Related Peptides and Other Hormones in the Amelioration of Type 2 Diabetes after Roux-en-Y Gastric Bypass Surgery. ISRN Endocrinol 2012; 2012: 504756. [PMID: 22619730]
87. Liu Y, Retnakaran R, Hanley A, Tungtrongchitr R, Shaw C, Sweeney G. Total and high molecular weight but not trimeric or hexameric forms of adiponectin correlate with markers of the metabolic syndrome and liver injury in Thai subjects. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2007; 92: 4313-4318. [PMID: 17698903 DOI: 10.1210/jc.2007-0890]
88. Berg AH, Combs TP, Du X, Brownlee M, Scherer PE. The adipocyte-secreted protein Acrp30 enhances hepatic insulin action. Nat Med 2001; 7: 947-953. [PMID: 11479628 DOI: 10.1038/90992]
89. Xie L, Boyle D, Sanford D, Scherer PE, Pessin JE, Mora S. Intracellular trafficking and secretion of adiponectin is dependent on GGA-coated vesicles. J Biol Chem 2006; 281: 7253-7259. [PMID: 16407204]
90. Gastaldelli A, Harrison SA, Belfort-Aguilar R, Hardies LJ, Balas B, Schenker S, Cusi K. Importance of changes in adipose tissue insulin resistance to histological response during thiazolidinedione treatment of patients with nonalcoholic steatohepatitis. Hepatology 2009; 50: 1087-1093. [PMID: 19670459 DOI: 10.1002/hep.23116]
91. Cao J, Puri N, Sodhi K, Bellner L, Abraham NG, Kappas A. Apo A1 Mimetic Rescues the Diabetic Phenotype of HO-2 Knockout Mice via an Increase in HO-1 Adiponectin and LKBI Signaling Pathway. Int J Hypertens 2012; 2012: 628147. [PMID: 22577519]
92. Hendricks GL, Hadley JA, Krzysik-Walker SM, Prabhu KS, Vasilatos-Younken R, Ramachandran R. Unique profile of chicken adiponectin, a predominantly heavy molecular weight multimer, and relationship to visceral adiposity. Endocrinology 2009; 150: 3092-3100. [PMID: 19299452 DOI: 10.1210/en.2008-1558]
93. Neumeier M, Sigruener A, Eggenhofer E, Weigert J, Weiss TS, Schaeffler A, Schlitt HJ, Aslanidis C, Piso P, Langmann T, Schmitz G, Schölmerich J, Buechler C. High molecular weight adiponectin reduces apolipoprotein B and E release in human hepatocytes. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2007; 352: 543-548. [PMID: 17129575 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2006.11.058]
94. Adachi M, Brenner DA. High molecular weight adiponectin inhibits proliferation of hepatic stellate cells via activation of adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase. Hepatology 2008; 47: 677-685. [PMID: 18220291 DOI: 10.1002/ hep.21991]
95. Kadowaki T, Yamauchi T. Adiponectin and adiponectin receptors. Endocr Rev 2005; 26: 439-451. [PMID: 15897298 DOI: 10.1210/er.2005-0005]
96. Kadowaki T, Yamauchi T, Kubota N. The physiological and pathophysiological role of adiponectin and adiponectin receptors in the peripheral tissues and CNS. FEBS Lett 2008; 582: 74-80. [PMID: 18054335 DOI: 10.1016/j.febslet.2007.11.070]
97. Yamauchi T, Nio Y, Maki T, Kobayashi M, Takazawa T, Iwabu M, Okada-Iwabu M, Kawamoto S, Kubota N, Kubota T, Ito Y, Kamon J, Tsuchida A, Kumagai K, Kozono H, Hada Y, Ogata H, Tokuyama K, Tsunoda M, Ide T, Murakami K, Awazawa M, Takamoto I, Froguel P, Hara K, Tobe K, Nagai R, Ueki K, Kadowaki T. Targeted disruption of AdipoR1 and AdipoR2 causes abrogation of adiponectin binding and metabolic actions. Nat Med 2007; 13: 332-339. [PMID: 17268472 DOI: 10.1038/nm1557]
98. Liu Y, Michael MD, Kash S, Bensch WR, Monia BP, Murray SF, Otto KA, Syed SK, Bhanot S, Sloop KW, Sullivan JM, Reifel-Miller A. Deficiency of adiponectin receptor 2 reduces diet-induced insulin resistance but promotes type 2 diabetes. Endocrinology 2007; 148: 683-692. [PMID: 17068142 DOI: 10.1210/en.2006-0708]
99. Ma H, Gomez V, Lu L, Yang X, Wu X, Xiao SY. Expression of adiponectin and its receptors in livers of morbidly obese patients with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. J Gastroenterol Hepatol 2009; 24: 233-237. [PMID: 18713296 DOI: 10.1111/ j.1440-1746.2008.05548.x]
100. Nannipieri M, Cecchetti F, Anselmino M, Mancini E, Marchetti G, Bonotti A, Baldi S, Solito B, Giannetti M, Pinchera A, Santini F, Ferrannini E. Pattern of expression of adiponectin receptors in human liver and its relation to nonalcoholic steatohepatitis. Obes Surg 2009; 19: 467-474. [PMID: 18923878 DOI: 10.1007/s11695-008-9701-x]
101. Tiniakos DG. Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease/nonalcoholic steatohepatitis: histological diagnostic criteria and scoring systems. Eur J Gastroenterol Hepatol 2010; 22: 643-650. [PMID: 19478676]
102. Vuppalanchi R, Marri S, Kolwankar D, Considine RV, Chalasani N. Is adiponectin involved in the pathogenesis of nonalcoholic steatohepatitis? A preliminary human study. J Clin Gastroenterol 2005; 39: 237-242. [PMID: 15718867 DOI: 10.1097/01.mcg.0000152747.79773.2f]
103. Deepa SS, Dong LQ. APPL1: role in adiponectin signaling and beyond. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 2009; 296: E22-E36. [PMID: 18854421 DOI: 10.1152/ajpendo.90731.2008]
104. Yamauchi T, Kamon J, Minokoshi Y, Ito Y, Waki H, Uchida S, Yamashita S, Noda M, Kita S, Ueki K, Eto K, Akanuma Y, Froguel P, Foufelle F, Ferre P, Carling D, Kimura S, Nagai R, Kahn BB, Kadowaki T. Adiponectin stimulates glucose utilization and fatty-acid oxidation by activating AMP-activated protein kinase. Nat Med 2002; 8: 1288-1295. [PMID: 12368907 DOI: 10.1038/nm788]
105. Shimano M, Ouchi N, Shibata R, Ohashi K, Pimentel DR, Murohara T, Walsh K. Adiponectin deficiency exacerbates cardiac dysfunction following pressure overload through disruption of an AMPK-dependent angiogenic response. J Mol Cell Cardiol 2010; 49: 210-220. [PMID: 20206634 DOI: 10.1016/j.yjmcc.2010.02.021]
106. Kubota N, Yano W, Kubota T, Yamauchi T, Itoh S, Kumagai H, Kozono H, Takamoto I, Okamoto S, Shiuchi T, Suzuki R, Satoh H, Tsuchida A, Moroi M, Sugi K, Noda T, Ebinuma H, Ueta Y, Kondo T, Araki E, Ezaki O, Nagai R, Tobe K, Terauchi Y, Ueki K, Minokoshi Y, Kadowaki T. Adiponectin stimulates AMP-activated protein kinase in the hypothalamus and increases food intake. Cell Metab 2007; 6: 55-68. [PMID: 17618856 DOI: 10.1016/j.cmet.2007.06.003]
107. Holmes RM, Yi Z, De Filippis E, Berria R, Shahani S, Sathyanarayana P, Sherman V, Fujiwara K, Meyer C, Christ-Roberts C, Hwang H, Finlayson J, Dong LQ, Mandarino LJ, Bajaj M. Increased abundance of the adaptor protein containing pleckstrin homology domain, phosphotyrosine binding domain and leucine zipper motif (APPL1) in patients with obesity and type 2 diabetes: evidence for altered adiponectin signalling. Diabetologia 2011; 54: 2122-2131. [PMID: 21562756 DOI: 10.1007/s00125-011-2173-x]
108. Gu W, Li Y. The therapeutic potential of the adiponectin pathway. BioDrugs 2012; 26: 1-8. [PMID: 22050309 DOI: 10.2165/11594790-000000000-00000]
109. Cleasby ME, Lau Q, Polkinghorne E, Patel SA, Leslie SJ, Turner N, Cooney GJ, Xu A, Kraegen EW. The adaptor protein APPL1 increases glycogen accumulation in rat skeletal muscle through activation of the PI3-kinase signalling pathway. J Endocrinol 2011; 210: 81-92. [PMID: 21543456 DOI: 10.1530/JOE-11-0039]
110. Woods A, Azzout-Marniche D, Foretz M, Stein SC, Lemarchand P, Ferré P, Foufelle F, Carling D. Characterization of the role of AMP-activated protein kinase in the regulation of glucose-activated gene expression using constitutively active and dominant negative forms of the kinase. Mol Cell Biol 2000; 20: 6704-6711. [PMID: 10958668 DOI: 10.1128/MC B.20.18.6704-6711.2000]
111. Polakof S, Panserat S, Craig PM, Martyres DJ, Plagnes-Juan E, Savari S, Aris-Brosou S, Moon TW. The metabolic consequences of hepatic AMP-kinase phosphorylation in rainbow trout. PLoS One 2011; 6: e20228. [PMID: 21625448 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0020228]
112. You M, Rogers CQ. Adiponectin: a key adipokine in alcoholic fatty liver. Exp Biol Med (Maywood) 2009; 234: 850-859. [PMID: 19491377 DOI: 10.3181/0902-MR-61]
113. Carter-Kent C, Zein NN, Feldstein AE. Cytokines in the pathogenesis of fatty liver and disease progression to steatohepatitis: implications for treatment. Am J Gastroenterol 2008; 103: 1036-1042. [PMID: 18177455 DOI: 10.1111/ j.1572-0241.2007.01709.x]
114. Garg MK, Dutta MK, Mahalle N. Adipokines (adiponectin and plasminogen activator inhhibitor-1) in metabolic syndrome. Indian J Endocrinol Metab 2012; 16: 116-123. [PMID: 22276262 DOI: 10.4103/2230-8210.91206]
115. Savastano S, Valentino R, Di Somma C, Orio F, Pivonello C, Passaretti F, Brancato V, Formisano P, Colao A, Beguinot F, Tarantino G. Serum 25-Hydroxyvitamin D Levels, phosphoprotein enriched in diabetes gene product (PED/ PEA-15) and leptin-to-adiponectin ratio in women with PCOS. Nutr Metab (Lond) 2011; 8: 84. [PMID: 22112520 DOI: 10.1186/1743-7075-8-84]
116. Huang H, Park PH, McMullen MR, Nagy LE. Mechanisms for the anti-inflammatory effects of adiponectin in macrophages. J Gastroenterol Hepatol 2008; 23 Suppl 1: S50-S53. [PMID: 18336664 DOI: 10.1111/j.1440-1746.2007.05284.x]
117. Begriche K, Massart J, Robin MA, Borgne-Sanchez A, Fromenty B. Drug-induced toxicity on mitochondria and lipid metabolism: mechanistic diversity and deleterious consequences for the liver. J Hepatol 2011; 54: 773-794. [PMID: 21145849 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhep.2010.11.006]
118. Adler M, Taylor S, Okebugwu K, Yee H, Fielding C, Fielding G, Poles M. Intrahepatic natural killer T cell populations are increased in human hepatic steatosis. World J Gastroenterol 2011; 17: 1725-1731. [PMID: 21483633 DOI: 10.3748/wjg. v17.i13.1725]
119. Jarrar MH, Baranova A, Collantes R, Ranard B, Stepanova M, Bennett C, Fang Y, Elariny H, Goodman Z, Chandhoke V, Younossi ZM. Adipokines and cytokines in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. Aliment Pharmacol Ther 2008; 27: 412-421. [PMID: 18081738 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2036.2007.03586.x]
120. Wulster-Radcliffe MC, Ajuwon KM, Wang J, Christian JA, Spurlock ME. Adiponectin differentially regulates cytokines in porcine macrophages. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2004; 316: 924-929. [PMID: 15033490 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2004.02.130]
121. Kumada M, Kihara S, Ouchi N, Kobayashi H, Okamoto Y, Ohashi K, Maeda K, Nagaretani H, Kishida K, Maeda N, Nagasawa A, Funahashi T, Matsuzawa Y. Adiponectin specifically increased tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase-1 through interleukin-10 expression in human macrophages. Circulation 2004; 109: 2046-2049. [PMID: 15096450 DOI: 10.1161/01. CIR.0000127953.98131.ED]
122. Wolf AM, Wolf D, Rumpold H, Enrich B, Tilg H. Adiponectin induces the anti-inflammatory cytokines IL-10 and IL-1RA in human leukocytes. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2004; 323: 630-635. [PMID: 15369797 DOI: 10.1016/ j.bbrc.2004.08.145]
123. Wang SN, Wang ST, Lee KT. The potential interplay of adipokines with toll-like receptors in the development of hepatocellular carcinoma. Gastroenterol Res Pract 2011; 2011: 215986. [PMID: 21960997]
124. Bertolani C, Marra F. Role of adipocytokines in hepatic fibrosis. Curr Pharm Des 2010; 16: 1929-1940. [PMID: 20370673 DOI: 10.2174/138161210791208857]
125. Handy JA, Fu PP, Kumar P, Mells JE, Sharma S, Saxena NK, Anania FA. Adiponectin inhibits leptin signalling via multiple mechanisms to exert protective effects against hepatic fibrosis. Biochem J 2011; 440: 385-395. [PMID: 21846328 DOI: 10.1042/BJ20102148]
126. Caligiuri A, Bertolani C, Guerra CT, Aleffi S, Galastri S, Trappoliere M, Vizzutti F, Gelmini S, Laffi G, Pinzani M, Marra F. Adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase modulates the activated phenotype of hepatic stellate cells. Hepatology 2008; 47: 668-676. [PMID: 18098312 DOI: 10.1002/ hep.21995]
127. Tomita K, Oike Y, Teratani T, Taguchi T, Noguchi M, Suzuki T, Mizutani A, Yokoyama H, Irie R, Sumimoto H, Takayanagi A, Miyashita K, Akao M, Tabata M, Tamiya G, Ohkura T, Hibi T. Hepatic AdipoR2 signaling plays a protective role against progression of nonalcoholic steatohepatitis in mice. Hepatology 2008; 48: 458-473. [PMID: 18666257 DOI: 10.1002/ hep.22365]
128. Tarantino G, Conca P, Riccio A, Tarantino M, Di Minno MN, Chianese D, Pasanisi F, Contaldo F, Scopacasa F, Capone D. Enhanced serum concentrations of transforming growth factor-beta1 in simple fatty liver: is it really benign? J Transl Med 2008; 6: 72. [PMID: 19038040 DOI: 10.1186/1479-5876-6-72] 129
129. Ruiz JR, Lasa A, Simon E, Larrarte E, Labayen I. Lower plasma NAMPT/visfatin levels are associated with impaired hepatic mitochondrial function in non-diabetic obese women: a potential link between obesity and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. Nutr Metab Cardiovasc Dis 2012; 22: e1-e2. [PMID: 22227071 DOI: 10.1016/j.numecd.2011.03.003]
130. Ren LP, Chan SM, Zeng XY, Laybutt DR, Iseli TJ, Sun RQ, Kraegen EW, Cooney GJ, Turner N, Ye JM. Differing endoplasmic reticulum stress response to excess lipogenesis versus lipid oversupply in relation to hepatic steatosis and insulin resistance. PLoS One 2012; 7: e30816. [PMID: 22355328 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0030816]
131. Hsieh PS, Hsieh YJ. Impact of liver diseases on the development of type 2 diabetes mellitus. World J Gastroenterol 2011; 17: 5240-5245. [PMID: 22219592 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v17. i48.5240]
132. Pessayre D. Role of mitochondria in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. J Gastroenterol Hepatol 2007; 22 Suppl 1: S20-S27. [PMID: 17567459 DOI: 10.1111/j.1440-1746.2006.04640.x]
133. Deng S, Yang Y, Han Y, Li X, Wang X, Li X, Zhang Z, Wang Y. UCP2 inhibits ROS-mediated apoptosis in A549 under hypoxic conditions. PLoS One 2012; 7: e30714. [PMID: 22292025 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0030714]
134. Bai Y, Onuma H, Bai X, Medvedev AV, Misukonis M, Weinberg JB, Cao W, Robidoux J, Floering LM, Daniel KW, Collins S. Persistent nuclear factor-kappa B activation in Ucp2-/mice leads to enhanced nitric oxide and inflammatory cytokine production. J Biol Chem 2005; 280: 19062-19069. [PMID: 15757894 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.M500566200]
135. Baffy G. Kupffer cells in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease: the emerging view. J Hepatol 2009; 51: 212-223. [PMID: 19447517 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhep.2009.03.008]
136. Petersen KF, Dufour S, Morino K, Yoo PS, Cline GW, Shulman GI. Reversal of muscle insulin resistance by weight reduction in young, lean, insulin-resistant offspring of parents with type 2 diabetes. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 2012; 109: 8236-8240. [PMID: 22547801 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1205675109]
137. Mummadi RR, Kasturi KS, Chennareddygari S, Sood GK. Effect of bariatric surgery on nonalcoholic fatty liver disease: systematic review and meta-analysis. Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol 2008; 6: 1396-1402. [PMID: 18986848 DOI: 10.1016/ j.cgh.2008.08.012]
138. Ahmed MH, Byrne CD. Current treatment of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. Diabetes Obes Metab 2009; 11: 188-195. [PMID: 18564173 DOI: 10.1111/j.1463-1326.2008.00926.x]
139. Massip-Salcedo M, Zaouali MA, Padrissa-Altés S, Casillas-Ramirez A, Rodés J, Roselló-Catafau J, Peralta C. Activation of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-alpha inhibits the injurious effects of adiponectin in rat steatotic liver undergoing ischemia-reperfusion. Hepatology 2008; 47: 461-472. [PMID: 18098300 DOI: 10.1002/hep.21935]
140. Walter R, Wanninger J, Bauer S, Eisinger K, Neumeier M, Weiss TS, Amann T, Hellerbrand C, Schäffler A, Schölmerich J, Buechler C. Adiponectin reduces connective tissue growth factor in human hepatocytes which is already induced in non-fibrotic non-alcoholic steatohepatitis. Exp Mol Pathol 2011; 91: 740-744. [PMID: 21946149 DOI: 10.1016/ j.yexmp.2011.09.006]
141. Elias-Miró M, Jiménez-Castro MB, Mendes-Braz M, Casillas-Ramírez A, Peralta C. The Current Knowledge of the Role of PPAR in Hepatic Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury. PPAR Res 2012; 2012: 802384. [PMID: 22675337]
142. Labruna G, Pasanisi F, Nardelli C, Tarantino G, Vitale DF, Bracale R, Finelli C, Genua MP, Contaldo F, Sacchetti L. UCP1 -3826 AG+GG genotypes, adiponectin, and leptin/ adiponectin ratio in severe obesity. J Endocrinol Invest 2009; 32: 525-529. [PMID: 19474520]
143. Robinson K, Prins J, Venkatesh B. Clinical review: adiponectin biology and its role in inflammation and critical illness. Crit Care 2011; 15: 221. [PMID: 21586104 DOI: 10.1186/cc10021]