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Volumn 34, Issue 1, 2013, Pages 77-108

Livelihoods as Intimate Government: Reframing the logic of livelihoods for development

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

ANALYTICAL FRAMEWORK; ECONOMIC ACTIVITY; EMPLOYMENT; GOVERNMENT RELATIONS;

EID: 84873719704     PISSN: 01436597     EISSN: 13602241     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1080/01436597.2012.755012     Document Type: Article
Times cited : (69)

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    • In the interests of space, I will not go into a deeply detailed discussion of the vulnerability context of these villages. I explore this context in great detail in Carr, Delivering Development
    • In the interests of space, I will not go into a deeply detailed discussion of the vulnerability context of these villages. I explore this context in great detail in Carr, Delivering Development.
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    • In the interests of space, I will not go into a deeply detailed discussion of the vulnerability context of these villages. I explore this context in great detail in Carr, Delivering Development
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    • Throughout the empirical sections of this paper, I refer to reported income figures. These figures do not represent the cash value of subsistence production or household labour, as respondents were unable to provide such information and data do not yet exist that allow for the rough equation of hectares to value for particular crops. While this limitation of the data clearly undervalues women's economic production, it accurately represents their economic position within the household and in society. No woman is compensated for subsistence production or household labour
    • Throughout the empirical sections of this paper, I refer to reported income figures. These figures do not represent the cash value of subsistence production or household labour, as respondents were unable to provide such information and data do not yet exist that allow for the rough equation of hectares to value for particular crops. While this limitation of the data clearly undervalues women's economic production, it accurately represents their economic position within the household and in society. No woman is compensated for subsistence production or household labour.
  • 134
    • 84873723522 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Further, there is a general understanding in the literature that, for various reasons, when asked about their finances the Akan tend to underestimate income and overestimate expenses
    • Further, there is a general understanding in the literature that, for various reasons, when asked about their finances the Akan tend to underestimate income and overestimate expenses.
  • 137
    • 84873725482 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • I therefore do not consider these data very reliable except as a measure of relative earnings. All dollar values in this paper are converted from Ghanaian Cedis at the time of the interview(s) on which they are based
    • I therefore do not consider these data very reliable except as a measure of relative earnings. All dollar values in this paper are converted from Ghanaian Cedis at the time of the interview(s) on which they are based.
  • 138
    • 84873741010 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • There are almost no remittances flowing into these villages. At most, the same one or two men leave each year to take up fishing or baking in nearby countries, but this is not a common livelihoods practice
    • There are almost no remittances flowing into these villages. At most, the same one or two men leave each year to take up fishing or baking in nearby countries, but this is not a common livelihoods practice.
  • 140
    • 84930557552 scopus 로고
    • Matriliny and the new intestate succession law of Ghana
    • K Awusabu-Asare, 'Matriliny and the new intestate succession law of Ghana', Canadian Journal of African Studies, 24, 1990, pp 1-16.
    • (1990) Canadian Journal of African Studies , vol.24 , pp. 1-16
    • Awusabu-Asare, K.1
  • 141
    • 0023466298 scopus 로고
    • Women and the family: Cultural change in Avatime, Ghana, 1900-80
    • L Brydon, 'Women and the family: cultural change in Avatime, Ghana, 1900-80', Development and Change, 18, 1987, pp 251-269.
    • (1987) Development and Change , vol.18 , pp. 251-269
    • Brydon, L.1
  • 146
    • 84873716949 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The issue of access to land for females heading a household is a key point that breaks down the husband/ wife duality that I have thus far presented in the livelihoods of Dominase and Ponkrum, pointing to other social relations (in this case, father/uncle-child relations) that have a bearing on the well-being of the residents
    • The issue of access to land for females heading a household is a key point that breaks down the husband/ wife duality that I have thus far presented in the livelihoods of Dominase and Ponkrum, pointing to other social relations (in this case, father/uncle-child relations) that have a bearing on the well-being of the residents.
  • 148
    • 84873703939 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • In subsequent field seasons, I found that men whose wives had raised enough to sell a significant surplus generally reduced the size of their wives' farms the next year
    • In subsequent field seasons, I found that men whose wives had raised enough to sell a significant surplus generally reduced the size of their wives' farms the next year.
  • 149
    • 84873737727 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • While the number of households operating under this strategy seems small, later fieldwork that effectively covered the entire population of these villages showed that this was probably all, or nearly all, of the households operating under this strategy in, The same is true of the number of diversified households discussed below
    • While the number of households operating under this strategy seems small, later fieldwork that effectively covered the entire population of these villages showed that this was probably all, or nearly all, of the households operating under this strategy in 2004. The same is true of the number of diversified households discussed below.
    • (2004)
  • 150
    • 84873710714 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • It is important to note that in any given year roughly 40% of the population shifts out of both strategies to a situation where the husband and wife farm together, with no differentiation in their agricultural labour. In nearly all cases this shift was a one-year solution for a temporally bounded issue, such as pregnancy, and the household returned to one of the two dominant strategies in the following year
    • It is important to note that in any given year roughly 40% of the population shifts out of both strategies to a situation where the husband and wife farm together, with no differentiation in their agricultural labour. In nearly all cases this shift was a one-year solution for a temporally bounded issue, such as pregnancy, and the household returned to one of the two dominant strategies in the following year.
  • 151
    • 84873709946 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Therefore, virtually all cases where a household is operating under a different strategy from those laid out here are temporary. They give us a picture of a single household dealing with a transition in a single year, but they do not speak to the long-term government of the household achieved through livelihoods in these villages
    • Therefore, virtually all cases where a household is operating under a different strategy from those laid out here are temporary. They give us a picture of a single household dealing with a transition in a single year, but they do not speak to the long-term government of the household achieved through livelihoods in these villages.
  • 153
    • 84873708686 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • I thank for pushing me to think more about this aspect of governmentality in the context of these livelihoods
    • I thank Arun Agrawal for pushing me to think more about this aspect of governmentality in the context of these livelihoods.
    • Agrawal, A.1
  • 154
    • 84873716242 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • This was especially true with regard to school expenses, such as books and school uniforms. Under Akan kinship, the children belong to the mother's family, and therefore are the ultimate responsibility of the mother and her extended family (ie the children's maternal uncles and grandparents). This gave men something of an excuse for refusing to pay for such items
    • This was especially true with regard to school expenses, such as books and school uniforms. Under Akan kinship, the children belong to the mother's family, and therefore are the ultimate responsibility of the mother and her extended family (ie the children's maternal uncles and grandparents). This gave men something of an excuse for refusing to pay for such items.
  • 155
    • 84873707992 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Small farmers, big impacts
    • R Shah & S Radelet, eds, Washing, ton, DC: USAID
    • ER Carr, 'Small farmers, big impacts', in R Shah & S Radelet (eds), Frontiers in Development, Washington, DC: USAID, 2012, pp 92-97.
    • (2012) Frontiers In Development , pp. 92-97
    • Carr, E.R.1
  • 156
    • 84873744587 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • See, for example, usaid, accessed 28 September 2012
    • See, for example, usaid, 'Evaluation: learning from experience: usaid evaluation policy', 2011, at http://transition.usaid.gov/evaluation/USAIDEvaluationPolicy.pdf, accessed 28 September 2012.
    • (2011) Evaluation: Learning From Experience: Usaid Evaluation Policy


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.