Comparative analysis of total mercury concentrations in anadromous and non-anadromous Arctic charr (Salvelinus alpinus) from eastern Canada

Science of the Total Environment

Volumn 447, Issue , 2013, Pages 438-449

  Van der Velden, S ^a   Evans, M S ^b   Dempson, J B ^c   Muir, D C G ^b   Power, M ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF WATERLOO   (Canada)

^b ENVIRONMENT CANADA   (Canada)

^c FISHERIES AND OCEANS CANADA   (Canada)

Author keywords

Age; Anadromy; Arctic charr; Latitude; Mercury; Trophic position

Indexed keywords

AGE; ANADROMY; ARCTIC CHARRS; LATITUDE; TROPHIC POSITION;

FISH; POPULATION STATISTICS;

MERCURY (METAL);

MERCURY; NITROGEN 15;

AGE DETERMINATION; COMPARATIVE STUDY; CONCENTRATION (COMPOSITION); MERCURY (ELEMENT); POPULATION DYNAMICS; SALMONID; SIZE DISTRIBUTION; TROPHIC LEVEL;

AGE; ARCTIC; ARTICLE; BODY GROWTH; BODY HEIGHT; CANADA; CONCENTRATION (PARAMETERS); CONTROLLED STUDY; FRESHWATER FISH; GROWTH RATE; LATITUDE; LIFE HISTORY; NONHUMAN; POPULATION DIFFERENTIATION; PRIORITY JOURNAL; SALVELINUS ALPINUS; WEIGHT;

AGE FACTORS; ANIMALS; BODY SIZE; BODY WEIGHT; CANADA; MERCURY; TROUT; WATER POLLUTANTS, CHEMICAL;

CANADA;

EID: 84873689175     PISSN: 00489697     EISSN: 18791026     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2012.12.092     Document Type: Article

References (102)

1. AMAP AMAP assessment 2002: heavy metals in the Arctic 2005, Arctic Monitoring and Assessment Programme (AMAP), Oslo, Norway.
2. Anthony J.A., Roby D.D., Turco K.R. Lipid content and energy density of forage fishes from the northern Gulf of Alaska. J Exp Mar Biol Ecol 2000, 248:53-78.
3. Attrill M.J., Rundle S.D., Fraser A., Power M. Oligochaetes as a possible entry route for terrigenous organic carbon into estuarine benthic food webs. Mar Ecol Prog Ser 2009, 384:147-157.
4. Auel H., Harjes M., da Rocha R., Stübing D., Hagen W. Lipid biomarkers indicate different ecological niches and trophic relationships of the Arctic hyperiid amphipods Themisto abyssorum and T. libellula. Polar Biol 2002, 25:374-383.
5. Baker M.R., Schindler D.E., Holtgrieve G.W., St.Louis V.L. Bioaccumulation and transport of contaminants: migrating sockeye salmon as vectors of mercury. Environ Sci Technol 2009, 43:8840-8846.
6. Berglund O., Larsson P., Ewald G., Okla L. The effect of lake trophy on lipid content and PCB concentrations in planktonic food webs. Ecology 2001, 82:1078-1088.
7. Bruce W.J., Spencer K.D. Mercury levels in Labrador fish, 1977-78. Can Ind Rep Fish Aquat Sci 1979, 111. [iv-12].
8. Cabana G., Rasmussen J.B. Modeling food-chain structure and contaminant bioaccumulation using stable nitrogen isotopes. Nature 1994, 372:255-257.
9. Chen C.Y., Folt C.L. High plankton densities reduce mercury biomagnification. Environ Sci Technol 2005, 39:115-121.
10. Chen C.Y., Stemberger R.S., Kamman N.C., Mayes B.M., Folt C.L. Patterns of Hg bioaccumulation and transfer in aquatic food webs across multi-lake studies in the northeast US. Ecotoxicology 2005, 14:135-147.
11. Chetelat J., Amyot M. Elevated methylmercury in High Arctic Daphnia and the role of productivity in controlling their distribution. Glob Chang Biol 2009, 15:706-718.
12. Cheung K.C., Leung H.M., Wong M.H. Metal concentrations of common freshwater and marine fish from the Pearl River Delta, South China. Arch Environ Contam Toxicol 2008, 54:705-715.
13. Cossa D., Gobeil C. Mercury speciation in the lower St. Lawrence Estuary. Can J Fish Aquat Sci 2000, 57:138-147.
14. Cossa D., Rondeau J. Seasonal, geographical and size-induced variability in mercury content of Mytilus edulis in an estuarine environment: a re-assessment of mercury pollution level in the Estuary and Gulf of St. Lawrence. Mar Biol 1985, 88:43-49.
15. Dietz R., Basu N., Braune B., O'Hara T., Scheulhammer T., Sonne C. What are the toxicological effects of mercury in Arctic biota?. AMAP assessment 2011: mercury in the Arctic 2011, 113-137. Arctic Monitoring and Assessment Programme (AMAP), Oslo, Norway.
16. Dietz R., Outridge P.M., Hobson K.A. Anthropogenic contributions to mercury levels in present-day Arctic animals-a review. Sci Total Environ 2009, 407:6120-6131.
17. Doucett R.R., Power M., Power G., Caron F., Reist J.D. Evidence for anadromy in a southern relict population of Arctic charr from North America. J Fish Biol 1999, 55:84-93.
18. Doyon J., Schetagne R., Verdon R. Different mercury bioaccumulation rates between sympatric populations of dwarf and normal lake whitefish (Coregonus clupeaformis) in the La Grande complex watershed, James Bay, Québec. Biogeochemistry 1998, 40:203-216.
19. Essington T.E., Houser J.N. The effect of whole-lake nutrient enrichment on mercury concentration in age-1 yellow perch. Trans Am Fish Soc 2003, 132:57-68.
20. Evans M.S., Lockhart W.L., Doetzel L., Low G., Muir D., Kidd K., et al. Elevated mercury concentrations in fish in lakes in the Mackenzie River Basin: the role of physical, chemical, and biological factors. Sci Total Environ 2005, 351-352:479-500.
21. Evans M.S., Muir D. Temporal trends and spatial variations in persistent organic pollutants and metals in sea-run char from the Canadian Arctic. Synopsis of research conducted under the 2009-2010 Northern Contaminants Program 2010, 142-150. Indian and Northern Affairs Canada, Ottawa.
22. Evans M.S., Muir D., Lockhart W.L., Stern G.A., Ryan M., Roach P. Persistent organic pollutants and metals in the freshwater biota of the Canadian Subarctic and Arctic: an overview. Sci Total Environ 2005, 351-352:94-147.
23. Finstad A.G., Hein C.L. Migrate or stay: terrestrial primary productivity and climate drive anadromy in Arctic char. Glob Chang Biol 2012, 18:2487-2497.
24. Fraser N.C., Power G. Influences of lake trout on lake-resident Arctic char in northern Quebec, Canada. Trans Am Fish Soc 1989, 118:36-45.
25. Fry B., Chumchal M.M. Mercury bioaccumulation in estuarine food webs. Ecol Appl 2012, 22:606-623.
26. Gantner N., Muir D., Power M., Iqaluk D., Reist J.D., Babaluk J.A., et al. Mercury concentrations in landlocked Arctic char (Salvelinus alpinus) from the Canadian Arctic. Part II: influence of lake biotic and abiotic characteristics on geographic trends in 27 populations. Environ Toxicol Chem 2010, 29:633-643.
27. Gantner N., Power M., Iqaluk D., Meili M., Borg H., Sundbom M., et al. Mercury concentrations in landlocked Arctic char (Salvelinus alpinus) from the Canadian Arctic. Part I: insights from trophic relationships in 18 lakes. Environ Toxicol Chem 2010, 29:621-632.
28. Gantner N., Power M., Babaluk J.A., Reist J.D., Koeck G., Lockhart L.W., et al. Temporal trends of mercury, cesium, potassium, selenium, and thallium in Arctic char (Salvelinus alpinus) from Lake Hazen, Nunavut, Canada: effects of trophic position, size, and age. Environ Toxicol Chem 2009, 28:254-263.
29. Greenfield B.K., Hrabik T.R., Harvey C.J., Carpenter S.R. Predicting mercury levels in yellow perch: use of water chemistry, trophic ecology, and spatial traits. Can J Fish Aquat Sci 2001, 58:1419-1429.
30. Grey J., Thackeray S.J., Jones R.I., Shine A. Ferox trout (Salmo trutta) as 'Russian dolls': complementary gut content and stable isotope analyses of the Loch Ness foodweb. Freshwat Biol 2002, 47:1235-1243.
31. 15N of fish gut contents. J Fish Biol 2008, 72:301-309.
32. Hall B.D., Bodaly R.A., Fudge R.J.P., Rudd J.W.M., Rosenberg D.M. Food as the dominant pathway of methylmercury uptake by fish. Water Air Soil Pollut 1997, 100:13-24.
33. Hammerschmidt C.R., Fitzgerald W.F. Methylmercury in freshwater fish linked to atmospheric mercury deposition. Environ Sci Technol 2006, 40:7764-7770.
34. Hanson B.J., Cummins K.W., Cargill A.S., Lowry R.R. Lipid content, fatty acid composition, and the effect of diet on fats of aquatic insects. Comp Biochem Physiol B 1985, 80:257-276.
35. Hecky R.E., Hesslein R.H. Contributions of benthic algae to lake food webs as revealed by stable isotope analysis. J N Am Benthol Soc 1995, 14:631-653.
36. Henery R.E., Sommer T.R., Goldman C.R. Growth and methylmercury accumulation in juvenile Chinook salmon in the Sacramento River and its floodplain, the Yolo Bypass. Trans Am Fish Soc 2010, 139:550-563.
37. Høgåsen H.R. Physiological changes associated with the diadromous migration of salmonids. Canadian special publications in fisheries and aquatic sciences 1998, 127. NRC Research Press, Ottawa ON.
38. Hoekstra P.F., O'Hara T.M., Teixeira C., Backus S., Fisk A.T., Muir D.C.G. Spatial trends and bioaccumulation of organochlorine pollutants in marine zooplankton from the Alaskan and Canadian Arctic. Environ Toxicol Chem 2002, 21:575-583.
39. Holsbeek L., Das H.K., Joiris C.R. Mercury speciation and accumulation in Bangladesh freshwater and anadromous fish. Sci Total Environ 1997, 198:201-210.
40. Jardine T.D., Kidd K.A., Fisk A.T. Applications, considerations, and sources of uncertainty when using stable isotope analysis in ecotoxicology. Environ Sci Technol 2006, 40:7501-7511.
41. Jewett S.C., Duffy L.K. Mercury in fishes of Alaska, with emphasis on subsistence species. Sci Total Environ 2007, 387:3-27.
42. Johnson L. Homeostatic characteristics of single species fish stocks in Arctic lakes. Can J Fish Aquat Sci 1983, 40:987-1024.
43. Johnson L. The Arctic charr, Salvelinus alpinus. Charrs: Salmonid fishes of the genus Salvelinus 1980, 15-98. Dr. W. Junk, The Hague. E.K. Balon (Ed.).
44. Kidd K., Bootsma H.A., Hesslein R.H., Lyle Lockhart W., Hecky R.E. Mercury concentrations in the food web of Lake Malawi, East Africa. J Great Lakes Res 2003, 29:258-266.
45. 15N on mercury concentrations in freshwater organisms. Water Air Soil Pollut 1995, 80:1011-1015.
46. Kidd K.A., Hesslein R.H., Ross B.J., Koczanski K., Stephens G.R., Muir D.C.G. Bioaccumulation of organochlorines through a remote freshwater food web in the Canadian Arctic. Environ Pollut 1998, 102:91-103.
47. Kim J.P., Rochford T. Methyl mercury in brown trout (Salmo trutta) in Arahura River, New Zealand. NZ J Mar Freshwat Res 2008, 42:271-276.
48. Klemetsen A., Amundsen P., Dempson J.B., Jonsson B., Jonsson N., O'Connell M.F. Atlantic salmon Salmo salar L., brown trout Salmo trutta L. and Arctic charr Salvelinus alpinus (L.): a review of aspects of their life histories. Ecol Freshw Fish 2003, 12:1-12:59.
49. Klemetsen A., Knudsen R., Staldvik F.J., Amundsen P.A. Habitat, diet and food assimilation of Arctic charr under the winter ice in two subarctic lakes. J Fish Biol 2003, 62:1082-1098.
50. Kütter V., Mirlean N., Baisch P., Kütter M., Silva-Filho E. Mercury in freshwater, estuarine, and marine fishes from southern Brazil and its ecological implication. Environ Monit Assess 2009, 159:35-42.
51. Larsson S., Berglund I. The effect of temperature on the energetic growth efficiency of Arctic charr (Salvelinus alpinus L.) from four Swedish populations. J Therm Biol 2005, 30:29-36.
52. Lavoie R.A., Hebert C.E., Rail J., Braune B.M., Yumvihoze E., Hill L.G., et al. Trophic structure and mercury distribution in a Gulf of St. Lawrence (Canada) food web using stable isotope analysis. Sci Total Environ 2010, 408:5529-5539.
53. Leopold K., Foulkes M., Worsfold P. Methods for the determination and speciation of mercury in natural waters - a review. Anal Chim Acta 2010, 663:127-138.
54. Lepak J.M., Robinson J.M., Kraft C.E., Josephson D.C. Changes in mercury bioaccumulation in an apex predator in response to removal of an introduced competitor. Ecotoxicology 2009, 18:488-498.
55. Lesage V., Hammill M.O., Kovacs K.M. Marine mammals and the community structure of the Estuary and Gulf of St Lawrence, Canada: evidence from stable isotope analysis. Mar Ecol Prog Ser 2001, 210:203-221.
56. Lockhart W.L., Stern G.A., Low G., Hendzel M., Boila G., Roach P., et al. A history of total mercury in edible muscle of fish from lakes in northern Canada. Sci Total Environ 2005, 351-352:427-463.
57. Loewen T., Gillis D., Tallman R. Ecological niche specialization inferred from morphological variation and otolith strontium of Arctic charr Salvelinus alpinus L. found within open lake systems of southern Baffin Island, Nunavut, Canada. J Fish Biol 2009, 75:1473-1495.
58. Marusczak N., Larose C., Dommergue A., Paquet S., Beaulne J.S., Maury-Brachet R., et al. Mercury and methylmercury concentrations in high altitude lakes and fish (Arctic charr) from the French Alps related to watershed characteristics. Sci Total Environ 2011, 1909-1915.
59. Mason R., Reinfelder J., Morel F. Bioaccumulation of mercury and methylmercury. Water Air Soil Pollut 1995, 80:915-921.
60. Mason R., Heyes D., Sveinsdottir A. Methylmercury concentrations in fish from tidal waters of the Chesapeake Bay. Arch Environ Contam Toxicol 2006, 51:425-437.
61. McCutchan J.H., Lewis W.M., Kendall C., McGrath C.C. Variation in trophic shift for stable isotope ratios of carbon, nitrogen, and sulfur. Oikos 2003, 378-390.
62. 15N and animal age. Geochim Cosmochim Acta 1984, 48:1135-1140.
63. Muir D., Günter K., Evans M.S. Temporal trends of persistent organic pollutants and mercury in landlocked char in the high Arctic. Synopsis of research conducted under the 2008-2009 Northern Contaminants Program 2009, 145-151. Indian and Northern Affairs Canada, Ottawa, ON. S.L. Smith, J. Stow (Eds.).
64. Muir D., Wang X., Yang F., Nguyen N., Jackson T.A., Evans M.S., et al. Spatial trends and historical deposition of mercury in eastern and northern Canada inferred from lake sediment cores. Environ Sci Technol 2009, 43:4802-4809.
65. Muir D., Wang X., Bright D., Lockhart L., Kock G. Spatial and temporal trends of mercury and other metals in landlocked char from lakes in the Canadian Arctic archipelago. Sci Total Environ 2005, 351-352:464-478.
66. Peterson B.J. Stable isotopes as tracers of organic matter input and transfer in benthic food webs: a review. Acta Oecol 1999, 20:479-487.
67. Peterson B.J., Fry B. Stable isotopes in ecosystem studies. Annu Rev Ecol Syst 1987, 18:293-320.
68. Pickhardt P.C., Folt C.L., Chen C.Y., Klaue B., Blum J.D. Algal blooms reduce the uptake of toxic methylmercury in freshwater food webs. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2002, 99:4419-4423.
69. Post D.M. Using stable isotopes to estimate trophic position: models, methods, and assumptions. Ecology 2002, 83:703-718.
70. Pothoven S.A., Nalepa T.F., Madenjian C.P., Rediske R.R., Schneeberger P.J., He J.X. Energy density of lake whitefish Coregonus clupeaformis in Lakes Huron and Michigan. Environ Biol Fish 2006, 76:151-158.
71. Power M., Klein G.M., Guiguer K.R.R.A., Kwan M.K.H. Mercury accumulation in the fish community of a sub-Arctic lake in relation to trophic position and carbon sources. J Appl Ecol 2002, 39:819-830.
72. Power M., Reist J.D., Dempson J.B. Fish in high-latitude Arctic lakes. Polar lakes and rivers: limnology of Arctic and Antarctic aquatic ecosystems 2008, 249-268. Oxford University Press, Oxford. W.F. Vincent, J. Laybourn-Parry (Eds.).
73. R Development Core Team R: A language and environment for statistical computing 2009, R Foundation for Statistical Computing, Vienna, Austria, [http://www.r-project.org].
74. Reist J.D., Gyselman E., Babaluk J.A., Johnston J.D., Wissink R. Evidence for two morphotypes of Arctic char (Salvelinus alpinus (L.)) from Lake Hazen, Ellesmere Island, Northwest Territories, Canada. Nordic J Freshw Res 1995, 71:396-410.
75. Riget F., Asmund G., Aastrup P. Mercury in Arctic char (Salvelinus alpinus) populations from Greenland. Sci Total Environ 2000, 245:161-172.
76. Riget F., Dietz R., Vorkamp K., Johansen P., Muir D. Levels and spatial and temporal trends of contaminants in Greenland biota: an updated review. Sci Total Environ 2004, 331:29-52.
77. Rikardsen A.H., Amundsen P.A., Bjørn P.A., Johansen M. Comparison of growth, diet and food consumption of sea-run and lake-dwelling Arctic charr. J Fish Biol 2000, 57:1172-1188.
78. Rikardsen A.H., Amundsen P.A., Bodin P.J. Growth and diet of anadromous Arctic charr after their return to freshwater. Ecol Freshw Fish 2003, 12:74-80.
79. Rognerud S., Grimalt J.O., Rosseland B.O., Fernandez P., Hofer R., Lackner R., et al. Mercury and organochlorine contamination in brown trout (Salmo trutta) and Arctic charr (Salvelinus alpinus) from high mountain lakes in Europe and the Svalbard Archipelago. Water Air Soil Pollut 2002, 2:209-232.
80. Schindler D.W., Kidd K.A., Muir D.C.G., Lockhart W.L. The effects of ecosystem characteristics on contaminant distribution in northern freshwater lakes. Sci Total Environ 1995, 160-161:1-17.
81. Scott C.L., Falk-Petersen S., Sargent J.R., Hop H., Lønne O.J., Poltermann M. Lipids and trophic interactions of ice fauna and pelagic zooplankton in the marginal ice zone of the Barents Sea. Polar Biol 1999, 21:65-70.
82. Shapiro S.S., Wilk M.B. An analysis of variance test for normality (complete samples). Biometrika 1965, 52:591-611.
83. St.Louis V.L., Sharp M.J., Steffen A., May A., Barker J., Kirk J.L., et al. Some sources and sinks of monomethyl and inorganic mercury on Ellesmere Island in the Canadian high Arctic. Environ Sci Technol 2005, 39:2686-2701.
84. Stow J., Krümmel E., Leech T., Donaldson S., Hansen J.C., Van Oostdam J., et al. What is the impact of mercury contamination on human health in the Arctic?. AMAP assessment 2011: mercury in the Arctic 2011, 159-169. Arctic Monitoring and Assessment Programme (AMAP), Oslo, Norway.
85. Svenning M., Klemetsen A., Olsen T. Habitat and food choice of Arctic charr in Linnevatn on Spitsbergen, Svalbard: the first year-round investigation in a high Arctic lake. Ecol Freshw Fish 2007, 16:70-77.
86. Swanson H.K., Kidd K.A., Reist J.D., Trudel M. Quantifying importance of marine prey in the diets of two partially anadromous fishes. Can J Fish Aquat Sci 2011, 68:2020-2028.
87. Swanson H.K., Kidd K.A. Mercury concentrations in Arctic food fishes reflect the presence of anadromous Arctic charr (Salvelinus alpinus), species, and life history. Environ Sci Technol 2010, 44:3286-3292.
88. Swanson H., Gantner N., Kidd K.A., Muir D.C.G., Reist J.D. Comparison of mercury concentrations in landlocked, resident, and sea-run fish (Salvelinus spp.) from Nunavut, Canada. Environ Toxicol Chem 2011, 30:1459-1467.
89. 13C analysis of diet. Oecologia 1983, 57:32-37.
90. Trudel M., Rasmussen J.B. Bioenergetics and mercury dynamics in fish: a modelling perspective. Can J Fish Aquat Sci 2006, 63:1890-1902.
91. U.S.Environmental Protection Agency Method 7473: mercury in solids and solutions by thermal decomposition, amalgamation, and atomic absorption spectrophotometry [downloaded August 18, 2011]. http://www.epa.gov/osw/hazard/testmethods/sw846/pdfs/7473.pdf.
92. Ullrich S.M., Tanton T.W., Abdrashitova S.A. Mercury in the aquatic environment: a review of factors affecting methylation. Crit Rev Environ Sci Technol 2001, 31:241-293.
93. van der Velden S., Reist J.D., Babaluk J.A., Power M. Biological and life-history factors affecting total mercury concentrations in Arctic charr from Heintzelman Lake, Ellesmere Island, Nunavut. Sci Total Environ 2012, 433:309-317.
94. Van Oostdam J., Donaldson S., Feeley M., Arnold D., Ayotte P., Bondy G., et al. Human health implications of environmental contaminants in Arctic Canada: a review. Sci Total Environ 2005, 351:165-246.
95. Vander Zanden M.J., Rasmussen J.B. Variation in delta N-15 and delta C-13 trophic fractionation: implications for aquatic food web studies. Limnol Oceanogr 2001, 46:2061-2066.
96. 15N enrichment: a meta-analysis. Oecologia 2003, 136:169-182.
97. Verta M. Changes in fish mercury concentrations in an intensively fished lake. Can J Fish Aquat Sci 1990, 47:1888-1897.
98. Wang W.X., Wong R.S.K. Bioaccumulation kinetics and exposure pathways of inorganic mercury and methylmercury in a marine fish, the sweetlips Plectorhinchus gibbosus. Mar Ecol Prog Ser 2003, 261:257-268.
99. Ward D.M., Nislow K.H., Chen C.Y., Folt C.L. Rapid, efficient growth reduces mercury concentrations in stream-dwelling Atlantic salmon. Trans Am Fish Soc 2010, 139:1-10.
100. Watras C., Back R., Halvorsen S., Hudson R., Morrison K., Wente S. Bioaccumulation of mercury in pelagic freshwater food webs. Sci Total Environ 1998, 219:183-208.
101. Xu Y., Wang W.X. Exposure and potential food chain transfer factor of Cd, Se and Zn in marine fish Lutjanus argentimaculatus. Mar Ecol Prog Ser 2002, 238:173-186.
102. Zar J.H. Biostatistical analysis Upper Saddle River 2010, Prentice Hall, N.J.