Case 5-2013: A 52-year-old woman with a mass in the thyroid

New England Journal of Medicine

Volumn 368, Issue 7, 2013, Pages 664-673

  Wirth, Lori J ^a,c   Ross, Douglas S ^a,c   Randolph, Gregory W ^b,c   Cunnane, Mary Elizabeth ^b,c   Sadow, Peter M ^a,c  

^a MASSACHUSETTS GENERAL HOSPITAL   (United States)

^b MASSACHUSETTS EYE AND EAR INFIRMARY   (United States)

^c HARVARD MEDICAL SCHOOL   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

THYROTROPIN; VANDETANIB; CALCITONIN; N (4 BROMO 2 FLUOROPHENYL) 6 METHOXY 7 ((1 METHYLPIPERIDIN 4 YL)METHOXY)QUINAZOLIN 4 AMINE; N-(4-BROMO-2-FLUOROPHENYL)-6-METHOXY-7-((1-METHYLPIPERIDIN-4-YL)METHOXY)QUINAZOL IN-4-AMINE; PIPERIDINE DERIVATIVE; QUINAZOLINE DERIVATIVE; VASCULOTROPIN RECEPTOR;

ACNE; ADULT; ARTICLE; CASE REPORT; CERVICAL LYMPHADENOPATHY; CLINICAL EXAMINATION; COUGHING; DIARRHEA; DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS; DISEASE ASSOCIATION; DISEASE SEVERITY; DRUG ERUPTION; DRUG SAFETY; ECHOGRAPHY; FATIGUE; FEMALE; FINE NEEDLE ASPIRATION BIOPSY; HEART PALPITATION; HUMAN; HUMAN TISSUE; MEDULLARY THYROID CANCER; PATHOLOGICAL ANATOMY; PRIORITY JOURNAL; RESPIRATORY TRACT INFECTION; SYSTOLIC HEART MURMUR; THYROID CANCER; THYROID NODULE; THYROTROPIN BLOOD LEVEL; BLOOD; CLINICAL OBSERVATION; CLINICAL STUDY; COMPUTER ASSISTED TOMOGRAPHY; DIAGNOSIS; DRUG ANTAGONISM; LYMPH NODE; LYMPHATIC SYSTEM DISEASE; MIDDLE AGED; NECK; PATHOLOGY; RADIOGRAPHY; THYROID GLAND; THYROID TUMOR;

BIOPSY, FINE-NEEDLE; CALCITONIN; DIAGNOSIS, DIFFERENTIAL; FEMALE; HUMANS; LYMPH NODES; LYMPHATIC DISEASES; MIDDLE AGED; NECK; PIPERIDINES; QUINAZOLINES; RECEPTORS, VASCULAR ENDOTHELIAL GROWTH FACTOR; THYROID GLAND; THYROID NEOPLASMS; THYROID NODULE; THYROTROPIN; TOMOGRAPHY, X-RAY COMPUTED;

MLCS; MLOWN;

EID: 84873619495     PISSN: 00284793     EISSN: 15334406     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1056/NEJMcpc1210080     Document Type: Article

References (53)

1. Boelaert K, Horacek J, Holder RL, Watkinson JC, Sheppard MC, Franklyn JA. Serum thyrotropin concentration as a novel predictor of malignancy in thyroid nodules investigated by fine-needle aspiration. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2006;91:4295-301.
2. Costante G, Meringolo D, Durante C, et al. Predictive value of serum calcitonin levels for preoperative diagnosis of medullary thyroid carcinoma in a cohort of 5817 consecutive patients with thyroid nodules. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2007;92:450-5.
3. Borget I, De Pouvourville G, Schlumberger M. Calcitonin determination in patients with nodular thyroid disease. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2007;92:425-7.
4. Elisei R, Bottici V, Luchetti F, et al. Impact of routine measurement of serum calcitonin on the diagnosis and outcome of medullary thyroid cancer: experience in 10,864 patients with nodular thyroid disorders. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2004;89:163-8.
5. Pacini F, Schlumberger M, Dralle H, Elisei R, Smit JW, Wiersinga W. European consensus for the management of patients with differentiated thyroid carcinoma of the follicular epithelium. Eur J Endocrinol 2006;154:787-803. [Erratum, Eur J Endocrinol 2006;155:385.]
6. Cooper DS, Doherty GM, Haugen BR, et al. Revised American Thyroid Association management guidelines for patients with thyroid nodules and differentiated thyroid cancer. Thyroid 2009;19:1167-214.
7. Gharib H, Papini E, Paschke R, et al. American Association of Clinical Endocrinologists, Associazione Medici Endocrinologi, and European Thyroid Association Medical guidelines for clinical practice for the diagnosis and management of thyroid nodules: executive summary of recommendations. Endocr Pract 2010;16:468-75.
8. Colombo C, Verga U, Mian C, et al. Comparison of calcium and pentagastrin tests for the diagnosis and follow-up of medullary thyroid cancer. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2012;97:905-13.
9. Randolph GW. Papillary cancer nodal surgery and the advisability of prophylactic central neck dissection: primum, non nocere. Surgery 2010;148:1108-12.
10. Gemsenjäger E, Perren A, Seifert B, Schüler G, Schweizer I, Heitz PU. Lymph node surgery in papillary thyroid carcinoma. J Am Coll Surg 2003;197:182-90.
11. Bardet S, Malville E, Rame JP, et al. Macroscopic lymph-node involvement and neck dissection predict lymph-node recurrence in papillary thyroid carcinoma. Eur J Endocrinol 2008;158:551-60.
12. Qubain SW, Nakano S, Baba M, Takao S, Aikou T. Distribution of lymph node micrometastasis in pN0 well-differentiated thyroid carcinoma. Surgery 2002;131:249-56.
13. Mirallié E, Visset J, Sagan C, Hamy A, Le Bodic MF, Paineau J. Localization of cervical node metastasis of papillary thyroid carcinoma. World J Surg 1999;23:970-3.
14. Randolph GW, Duh QY, Heller KS, et al. The prognostic significance of nodal metastases from papillary thyroid carcinoma can be stratified based on the size and number of metastatic lymph nodes, as well as the presence of extranodal extension. Thyroid 2012;22:1144-52.
15. Curtin HD, Ishwaran H, Mancuso AA, Dalley RW, Caudry DJ, McNeil BJ. Comparison of CT and MR imaging in staging of neck metastases. Radiology 1998;207:123-30.
16. Kim E, Park JS, Son KR, Kim JH, Jeon SJ, Na DG. Preoperative diagnosis of cervical metastatic lymph nodes in papillary thyroid carcinoma: comparison of ultrasound, computed tomography, and combined ultrasound with computed tomography. Thyroid 2008;18:411-8.
17. Randolph GW, Kamani D. The importance of preoperative laryngoscopy in patients undergoing thyroidectomy: voice, vocal cord function, and the preoperative detection of invasive thyroid malignancy. Surgery 2006;139:357-62.
18. McCaffrey TV, Bergstralh EJ, Hay ID. Locally invasive papillary thyroid carcinoma: 1940-1990. Head Neck 1994;16:165-72.
19. Randolph GW, Daniels GH. Radioactive iodine lobe ablation as an alternative to completion thyroidectomy for follicular carcinoma of the thyroid. Thyroid 2002;12:989-96.
20. Barbesino G, Goldfarb M, Parangi S, Yang J, Ross DS, Daniels GH. Thyroid lobe ablation with radioactive iodine as an alternative to completion thyroidectomy after hemithyroidectomy in patients with follicular thyroid carcinoma: long-term follow-up. Thyroid 2012;22:369-76.
21. Miyauchi A, Inoue H, Tomoda C, et al. Improvement in phonation after reconstruction of the recurrent laryngeal nerve in patients with thyroid cancer invading the nerve. Surgery 2009;146:1056-62.
22. Shah SS, Faquin WC, Izquierdo R, Khurana KK. FNA of misclassified primary malignant neoplasms of the thyroid: impact on clinical management. Cytojournal 2009;6:1.
23. Yang GC, Fried K, Levine PH. Detection of medullary thyroid microcarcinoma using ultrasound-guided fine needle aspiration cytology. Cytopathology 2012 March 20 (Epub ahead of print).
24. Papaparaskeva K, Nagel H, Droese M. Cytologic diagnosis of medullary carcinoma of the thyroid gland. Diagn Cytopathol 2000;22:351-8.
25. Faquin WC. Diagnosis and reporting of follicular-patterned thyroid lesions by fine needle aspiration. Head Neck Pathol 2009;3:82-5.
26. Dustin SM, Jo VY, Hanley KZ, Stelow EB. High sensitivity and positive predictive value of fine-needle aspiration for uncommon thyroid malignancies. Diagn Cytopathol 2012;40:416-21.
27. Machens A, Schneyer U, Holzhausen HJ, Dralle H. Prospects of remission in medullary thyroid carcinoma according to basal calcitonin level. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2005;90:2029-34.
28. Donis-Keller H, Dou S, Chi D, et al. Mutations in the RET proto-oncogene are associated with MEN 2A and FMTC. Hum Mol Genet 1993;2:851-6.
29. Mulligan LM, Kwok JB, Healey CS, et al. Germ-line mutations of the RET proto-oncogene in multiple endocrine neoplasia type 2A. Nature 1993;363:458-60.
30. Hofstra RM, Landsvater RM, Ceccherini I, et al. A mutation in the RET proto-oncogene associated with multiple endocrine neoplasia type 2B and sporadic medullary thyroid carcinoma. Nature 1994;367:375-6.
31. Blaugrund JE, Johns MM Jr, Eby YJ, et al. RET proto-oncogene mutations in inherited and sporadic medullary thyroid cancer. Hum Mol Genet 1994;3:1895-7.
32. de Groot JW, Links TP, Plukker JT, Lips CJ, Hofstra RM. RET as a diagnostic and therapeutic target in sporadic and hereditary endocrine tumors. Endocr Rev 2006;27:535-60.
33. Elisei R, Cosci B, Romei C, et al. Prognostic significance of somatic RET oncogene mutations in sporadic medullary thyroid cancer: a 10-year follow-up study. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2008;93:682-7.
34. Lenders JW, Pacak K, Walther MM, et al. Biochemical diagnosis of pheochromocytoma: which test is best? JAMA 2002;287:1427-34.
35. Kloos RT, Eng C, Evans DB, et al. Medullary thyroid cancer: management guidelines of the American Thyroid Association. Thyroid 2009;19:565-612. [Erratum, Thyroid 2009;19:1295.]
36. Pelizzo MR, Boschin IM, Bernante P, et al. Natural history, diagnosis, treatment and outcome of medullary thyroid cancer: 37 years' experience on 157 patients. Eur J Surg Oncol 2007;33:493-7.
37. Saad MF, Fritsche HA Jr, Samaan NA. Diagnostic and prognostic values of carcinoembryonic antigen in medullary carcinoma of the thyroid. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 1984;58:889-94.
38. Barbet J, Campion L, Kraeber-Bodéré F, Chatal JF. Prognostic impact of serum calcitonin and carcinoembryonic antigen doubling-times in patients with medullary thyroid carcinoma. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2005;90:6077-84.
39. Rendl G, Manzl M, Hitzl W, Sungler P, Pirich C. Long-term prognosis of medullary thyroid carcinoma. Clin Endocrinol (Oxf) 2008;69:497-505.
40. Meijer JA, le Cessie S, van den Hout WB, et al. Calcitonin and carcinoembryonic antigen doubling times as prognostic factors in medullary thyroid carcinoma: a structured meta-analysis. Clin Endocrinol (Oxf) 2010;72:534-42.
41. Yen TW, Shapiro SE, Gagel RF, Sherman SI, Lee JE, Evans DB. Medullary thyroid carcinoma: results of a standardized surgical approach in a contemporary series of 80 consecutive patients. Surgery 2003;134:890-9.
42. Machens A, Ukkat J, Hauptmann S, Dralle H. Abnormal carcinoembryonic antigen levels and medullary thyroid cancer progression: a multivariate analysis. Arch Surg 2007;142:289-93.
43. Rougier P, Calmettes C, Laplanche A, et al. The values of calcitonin and carcinoembryonic antigen in the treatment and management of nonfamilial medullary thyroid carcinoma. Cancer 1983;51:855-62.
44. Busnardo B, Girelli ME, Simioni N, Nacamulli D, Busetto E. Nonparallel patterns of calcitonin and carcinoembryonic antigen levels in the follow-up of medullary thyroid carcinoma. Cancer 1984;53:278-85.
45. Mendelsohn G, Wells SA Jr, Baylin SB. Relationship of tissue carcinoembryonic antigen and calcitonin to tumor virulence in medullary thyroid carcinoma: an immunohistochemical study in early, localized, and virulent disseminated stages of disease. Cancer 1984;54:657-62.
46. Nocera M, Baudin E, Pellegriti G, Cailleux AF, Mechelany-Corone C, Schlumberger M. Treatment of advanced medullary thyroid cancer with an alternating combination of doxorubicin-streptozocin and 5 FU-dacarbazine. Br J Cancer 2000;83:715-8.
47. Manié S, Santoro M, Fusco A, Billaud M. The RET receptor: function in development and dysfunction in congenital malformation. Trends Genet 2001;17:580-9.
48. Wells SA Jr, Santoro M. Targeting the RET pathway in thyroid cancer. Clin Cancer Res 2009;15:7119-23.
49. Wedge SR, Ogilvie DJ, Dukes M, et al. ZD6474 inhibits vascular endothelial growth factor signaling, angiogenesis, and tumor growth following oral administration. Cancer Res 2002;62:4645-55.
50. Vitagliano D, De Falco V, Tamburrino A, et al. The tyrosine kinase inhibitor ZD6474 blocks proliferation of RET mutant medullary thyroid carcinoma cells. Endocr Relat Cancer 2010;18:1-11.
51. Wells SA Jr, Robinson BG, Gagel RF, et al. Vandetanib in patients with locally advanced or metastatic medullary thyroid cancer: a randomized, double-blind phase III trial. J Clin Oncol 2012;30:134-41.
52. Kurzrock R, Sherman SI, Ball DW, et al. Activity of XL184 (cabozantinib), an oral tyrosine kinase inhibitor, in patients with medullary thyroid cancer. J Clin Oncol 2011;29:2660-6.
53. Schoffski P, Elisei R, Muller S, et al. An international, double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled phase III trial (EXAM) of cabozantinib (XL184) in medullary thyroid carcinoma (MTC) patients (pts) with documented RECIST progression at baseline. J Clin Oncol 2012;30:Suppl:5508. abstract.