Measurements of stem xylem hydraulic conductivity in the laboratory and field

Methods in Ecology and Evolution

Volumn 3, Issue 4, 2012, Pages 685-694

  Melcher, Peter J ^a   Holbrook, N Michele ^b   Burns, Michael J ^c   Zwieniecki, Maciej A ^b   Cobb, Alexander R ^d   Brodribb, Timothy J ^e   Choat, Brendan ^f   Sack, Lawren ^g  

^a Center for Health Sciences   (United States)

^b HARVARD UNIVERSITY   (United States)

^c BOSTON COLLEGE   (United States)

^d SINGAPORE MIT ALLIANCE FOR RESEARCH AND TECHNOLOGY   (Singapore)

^e UNIVERSITY OF TASMANIA   (Australia)

^f WESTERN SYDNEY UNIVERSITY   (Australia)

^g UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA   (United States)

Author keywords

Cavitation; Embolism; Flow meter; Hydraulic conductivity; Per cent loss conductivity; Tracheid; Vessel; Xylem

Indexed keywords

EID: 84873538288     PISSN: None     EISSN: 2041210X     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1111/j.2041-210X.2012.00204.x     Document Type: Article

References (86)

1. Andrade, J.L., Meinzer, F.C., Goldstein, G., Holbrook, N.M., Cavelier, J., Jackson, P. & Silvera, K. (1998) Regulation of water flux through trunks, branches, and leaves in trees of a lowland tropical forest. Oecologia, 115, 463-471
2. Barigah, T.S., Ibrahim, T., Bogard, A., Faivre-Vuillin, B., Lagneau, L.A., Montpied, P. & Dreyer, E. (2006) Irradiance-induced plasticity in the hydraulic properties of saplings of different temperate broad-leaved forest tree species. Tree Physiology, 26, 1505-1516
3. Beers, Y. (1957) Introduction to the Theory of Error. Addison-Wesley, Reading, Massachusetts, USA
4. Beikircher, B., Ameglio, T., Cochard, H. & Mayr, S. (2010) Limitation of the cavitron technique by conifer pit aspiration. Journal of Experimental Botany, 61, 3385-3393
5. Booker,R.E.&Kininmonth, J.A. (1978) Variation in longitudinal permeability of green radiata pine wood. New Zealand Journal of Forestry Science, 8, 295- 308
6. Brodersen, C.R., McElrone, A.J., Choat, B., Matthews, M.A. & Shackel, K.A (2010) The dynamics of embolism repair in xylem: in vivo visualizations using high-resolution computed tomography. Plant Physiology, 154, 1088-1095
7. Brodribb, T.J. (2009) Xylem hydraulic physiology: the functional backbone of terrestrial plant productivity. Plant Science, 177, 245-251
8. Brodribb, T.J. & Feild, T.S. (2000) Stem hydraulic supply is linked to leaf photosynthetic capacity: evidence from New Caledonian and Tasmanian rainforests Plant Cell and Environment, 23, 1381-1388
9. Brodribb, T.&Hill, R.S. (1999) The importance of xylemconstraints in the distribution of conifer species. New Phytologist, 143, 365-372
10. Bronkhorst (2008) XYL'EM instruction manual, version 1.1. http://herve.cochard free.fr/pdf/XYL_EM_Manual.pdf
11. Bucci, S.J., Goldstein, G., Meinzer, F.C., Scholz, F.G., Franco, A.C. & Bustamante, M. (2004) Functional convergence in hydraulic architecture and water relations of tropical savanna trees: fromleaf to whole plant. Tree Physiology, 24, 891-899
12. Cai, J. & Tyree, M.T. (2010) The impact of vessel size on vulnerability curves: data and models for within-species variability in saplings of aspen, Populus tremuloidesMichx. Plant Cell and Environment, 33, 1059-1069
13. Cavender-Bares, J. & Holbrook, N.M. (2001) Hydraulic properties and freezing-induced cavitation in sympatric evergreen and deciduous oaks with, contrasting habitats. Plant Cell and Environment, 24, 1243-1256
14. Choat, B., Cobb, A.R. & Jansen, S. (2008) Structure and function of bordered pits: new discoveries and impacts on whole-plant hydraulic function. New Phytologist, 177, 608-625
15. Choat, B., Sack, L. & Holbrook, N.M. (2007) Diversity of hydraulic traits in nine Cordia species growing in tropical forests with contrasting precipitation New Phytologist, 175, 686-698
16. Choat, B., Ball, M., Luly, J. & Holtum, J. (2003) Pit membrane porosity and water stress-induced cavitation in four co-existing dry rainforest tree species Plant Physiology, 131, 41-48
17. Choat, B., Jansen, S., Zwieniecki, M.A., Smets, E. & Holbrook, N.M. (2004) Changes in pit membrane porosity due to deflection and stretching: the role of vestured pits. Journal of Experimental Botany, 55, 1569-1575
18. Choat, B., Gambetta, G.A., Shackel, K.A. & Matthews, M.A. (2009) Vascular function in grape berries across development and Its relevance to apparent hydraulic isolation. Plant Physiology, 151, 1677-1687
19. Choat, B., Drayton, W.M., Brodersen, C., Matthews, M.A., Shackel, K.A., Wada, H. & McElrone, A.J. (2010) Measurement of vulnerability to water stress-induced cavitation in grapevine: a comparison of four techniques applied to a long-vesseled species. Plant Cell and Environment, 33, 1502- 1512
20. Christman, M.A. & Sperry, J.S. (2010) Single-vessel flow measurements indicate scalariform perforation plates confer higher flow resistance than previously estimated. Plant Cell and Environment, 33, 431-443
21. Cochard, H., Cruiziat, P. & Tyree, M.T. (1992) Use of positive pressures to establish vulnerability curves - further support for the air-seeding hypothesis and implications for pressure-volume analysis. Plant Physiology, 100, 205- 209
22. Cochard, H., Peiffer, M., LeGall, K. & Granier, A. (1997) Developmental control of xylemhydraulic resistances and vulnerability to embolism in Fraxinus excelsior L: impacts on water relations. Journal of Experimental Botany, 48, 655-663
23. Cochard, H., Herbette, S., Barigah, T., Badel, E., Ennajeh, M. & Vilagrosa, A (2010a) Does sample length influence the shape of xylem embolism vulnerability curves? A test with the Cavitron spinning technique Plant Cell and Environment, 33, 1543-1552
24. Cochard, H., Herbette, S., Hernandez, E., Holtta, T. & Mencuccini, M (2010b) The effects of sap ionic composition on xylemvulnerability to cavitation Journal of Experimental Botany, 61, 275-285
25. Cornwell, W.K., Bhaskar, R., Sack, L., Cordell, S. & Lunch, C.K. (2007) Adjustment of structure and function of Hawaiian Metrosideros polymorpha at high vs. low precipitation. Functional Ecology, 21, 1063-1071
26. Domec, J.-C. (2011) Let's not forget the critical role of surface tension in xylem water relations. Tree Physiology, 31, 359-360
27. Domec, J.C. & Gartner, B.L. (2002) Age- and position-related changes in hydraulic versus mechanical dysfunction of xylem: inferring the design criteria for Douglas-fir wood structure. Tree Physiology, 22, 91-104
28. Donovan, L.A., Richards, J.H. & Linton, M.J. (2003) Magnitude and mechanisms of disequilibrium between predawn plant and soil water potentials Ecology, 84, 463-470
29. Dynamax (2009) High Pressure Flow Meter: Installation and Operations Manual Dynamax, Houston, Texas, USA. ftp://ftp.dynamax.com/Manuals/ HPFM_Manual.pdf
30. Ennajeh, M., Simoes, F., Khemira, H. & Cochard, H. (2011) How reliable is the double-ended pressure sleeve technique for assessing xylem vulnerability to cavitation in woody angiosperms? Physiologia Plantarum, 142, 205-210
31. Espino, S. & Schenk, H.J. (2011) Mind the bubbles: achieving stable measurements of maximum hydraulic conductivity through woody plant samples Journal of Experimental Botany, 62, 1119-1132
32. Feild, T.S., Chatelet, D.S. & Brodribb, T.J. (2009) Giant flowers of southern magnolia are hydrated by the xylem. Plant Physiology, 150, 1587-1597
33. Hacke, U.G. & Sperry, J.S. (2001) Functional and ecological xylem anatomy Perspectives in Plant Ecology Evolution and Systematics, 4, 97-115
34. Handley, W.R.C. (1936) Some observations on the problem of vessel length determination inwoody dicotyledons. New Phytologist, 35, 456-471
35. Hietz, P., Rosner, S., Sorz, J. & Mayr, S. (2008) Comparison of methods to quantify loss of hydraulic conductivity in Norway spruce. Annals of Forest Science, 65, 502
36. Holbrook, N.M. & Zwieniecki, M.A. (1999) Embolism repair and xylem tension: do we need a miracle? Plant Physiology, 120, 7-10
37. Holbrook, N.M. & Zwieniecki,M.A. (2005) Vascular Transport in Plants. Elsevier / Academic Press, Oxford
38. Holbrook, N.M., Ahrens, E.T., Burns,M.J. & Zwieniecki,M.A. (2001) In vivo observation of cavitation and embolism repair using magnetic resonance imaging. Plant Physiology, 126, 27-31
39. Horowitz, P.&Hill, W. (1989) The Art of Electronics, 2nd edn. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge
40. van Ieperen,W., vanMeeteren, U. & van Gelder, H. (2000) Fluid ionic composition influences hydraulic conductance of xylemconduits. Journal of Experimental Botany, 51, 769-776
41. Jacobsen, A.L., Agenbag, L., Esler, K.J., Pratt, R.B., Ewers, F.W. & Davis, S.D. (2007) Xylem density, biomechanics and anatomical traits correlate with water stress in 17 evergreen shrub species of the Mediterranean-type climate region of South Africa. Journal of Ecology, 95, 171-183
42. Kaufmann, I., Schulze-Till, T., Schneider, H.U., Zimmermann, U., Jakob, P &Wegner, L.H. (2009) Functional repair of embolized vessels in maize roots after temporal drought stress, as demonstrated by magnetic resonance imaging New Phytologist, 184, 245-256
43. Kolb, K.J., Sperry, J.S. & Lamont, B.B. (1996) A method for measuring xylem hydraulic conductance and embolism in entire root and shoot systems Journal of Experimental Botany, 47, 1805-1810
44. Kolb, K.J. & Sperry, J.S. (1999) Differences in drought adaptation between subspecies of sagebrush (Artemisia tridentata). Ecology, 80, 2373-2384
45. Lewis, A.M.& Boose, E.R. (1995) Estimating volume flow rates through xylem conduits.American Journal of Botany, 82, 1112-1116
46. Lipp, C.C. & Nilsen, E.T. (1997) The impact of subcanopy light environment on the hydraulic vulnerability of Rhododendron maximum to freeze-thaw cycles and drought. Plant Cell and Environment, 20, 1264-1272
47. Maherali, H., Pockman,W.T.&Jackson, R.B. (2004) Adaptive variation in the vulnerability ofwoody plants to xylemcavitation. Ecology, 85, 2184-2199
48. Markesteijn, L., Poorter, L., Paz, H., Sack, L. & Bongers, F. (2011) Ecological differentiation in xylem cavitation resistance is associated with stem and leaf structural traits. Plant, Cell& Environment, 34, 137-148
49. Melcher, P.J. & Warchocki, S. (2010) The Impact of Xylem Wounding on the Measure of Stem Hydraulic Resistance. Botanical Society of America, Providence, Rhode Island, USA
50. Melcher, P.J., Zwieniecki, M.A. & Holbrook, N.M. (2003) Vulnerability of xylem vessels to cavitation in sugar maple. Scaling from individual vessels to whole branches. Plant Physiology, 131, 1775-1780
51. Melcher, P.J., Goldstein, G., Meinzer, F.C., Yount, D.E., Jones, T.J., Holbrook, N.M. & Huang, C.X. (2001) Water relations of coastal and estuarine Rhizophora mangle: xylem pressure potential and dynamics of embolism formation and repair. Oecologia, 126, 182-192
52. Mencuccini, M. & Grace, J. (1996) Developmental patterns of above-ground hydraulic conductance in a Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) age sequence Plant Cell and Environment, 19, 939-948
53. Nardini, A. & Salleo, S. (2000) Limitation of stomatal conductance by hydraulic traits: sensing or preventing xylem cavitation? Trees-Structure and Function, 15, 14-24
54. Nardini, A., Salleo, S. & Jansen, S. (2011) More than just a vulnerable pipeline: xylemphysiology in the light of ion-mediated regulation of plant water transport Journal of Experimental Botany, 62, 4701-4718
55. Nardini,A., Tyree, M.T.&Salleo, S. (2001)Xylemcavitation in the leaf of Prunus laurocerasus and its impact on leaf hydraulics. Plant Physiology, 125, 1700-1709
56. Pockman, W.T. & Sperry, J.S. (1997) Freezing-induced xylem cavitation and the northern limit of Larrea tridentata. Oecologia, 109, 19-27
57. Sack, L., Melcher, P.J., Zwieniecki, M.A. & Holbrook, N.M. (2002) The hydraulic conductance of the angiosperm leaf lamina: a comparison of three measurement methods. Journal of Experimental Botany, 53, 2177-2184
58. Sack, L., Bartlett, M., Creese, C., Guyot, G., Scoffoni, C. (2011) PrometheusWiki contributors Constructing and Operating a Hydraulics Flow Meter PrometheusWiki, http://prometheuswiki.publish.csiro.au/tiki-index.php?page=Constructing+and+operating+a+hydraulics+flow+meter
59. Salleo, S., Hinckley, T.M., Kikuta, S.B., Logullo, M.A., Weilgony, P., Yoon, T.M. & Richter, H. (1992) A method for inducing xylem emboli in situ: experiments with a field grown tree. Plant Cell and Environment, 15, 491- 497
60. Salleo, S., LoGullo, M.A., DePaoli, D. & Zippo, M. (1996) Xylem recovery from cavitation-induced embolismin young plants of Laurus nobilis: a possiblemechanism New Phytologist, 132, 47-56
61. Santiago, L.S., Goldstein, G., Meinzer, F.C., Fisher, J.B., Machado, K., Woodruff, D. & Jones, T. (2004) Leaf photosynthetic traits scale with hydraulic conductivity and wood density in Panamanian forest canopy trees Oecologia, 140, 543-550
62. Schultz, H.R. & Matthews, M.A. (1993) Xylem development and hydraulic conductance in sun and shade shoots of grapevine (Vitis vinifera L.): evidence that low light uncouples water transport capacity from leaf area Planta, 190, 393-406
63. Sperry, J.S., Alder, N.N. & Eastlack, S.E. (1993) The effect of reduced hydraulic conductance on stomatal conductance and xylem cavitation. Journal of Experimental Botany, 44, 1075-1082
64. Sperry, J.S., Donnelly, J.R. & Tyree, M.T. (1988) A method for measuring hydraulic conductivity and embolism in xylem. Plant Cell and Environment, 11, 35-40
65. Sperry, J.S., Hacke, U.G. & Wheeler, J.K. (2005) Comparative analysis of end wall resistivity in xylemconduits. Plant, Cell & Environment, 28, 456-465
66. Sperry, J.S. & Sullivan, J.E.M. (1992) Xylem embolism in response to freezethaw cycles and water- stress in ring-porous, diffuse-porous, and conifer species Plant Physiology, 100, 605-613
67. Spicer, R.&Gartner, B.L. (2001) The effects of cambial age and position within the stem on specific conductivity in Douglas-fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii) sapwood Trees-Structure and Function, 15, 222-229
68. Stuart, S.A., Choat, B., Martin, K.C., Holbrook, N.M. & Ball, M.C. (2007) The role of freezing in setting the latitudinal limits of mangrove forests. New Phytologist, 173, 576-583
69. Taneda, H. & Sperry, J.S. (2008) A case-study of water transport in co-occurring ring- versus diffuse-porous trees: contrasts in water-status, conducting capacity, cavitation and vessel refilling. Tree Physiology, 28, 1641-1651
70. Taneda, H. & Tateno, M. (2007) Effects of transverse movement of water in xylem on patterns of water transport within current-year shoots of kudzu vine, Pueraria lobata. Functional Ecology, 21, 226-234
71. Tyree, M.T. (1993) Theory of vessel length determination: the problem of nonrandom vessel ends. Canadian Journal of Botany, 71, 297-302
72. Tyree, M.T. & Yang, S.D. (1992) Hydraulic conductivity recovery versus water pressure in xylemof Acer saccharum. Plant Physiology, 100, 669-676
73. Tyree, M.T. & Zimmermann, M.H. (2002) Xylem Structure and the Ascent of Sap. Springer, Berlin
74. Tyree, M.T., Graham, M.E.D., Cooper, K.E. & Bazos, L.J. (1983) The hydraulic architecture of Thuja occidentalis. Canadian Journal of Botany, 61, 2105- 2111
75. Tyree, M.T., Sinclair, B., Lu, P. & Granier, A. (1993) Whole shoot hydraulic resistance in Quercus species measured with a new high-pressure flowmeter AnnalesDes Sciences Forestieres, 50, 417-423
76. Tyree, M.T., Salleo, S., Nardini, A., Lo Gullo, M.A. &Mosca,R. (1999) Refilling of embolized vessels in young stems of laurel. Do we need a new paradigm Plant Physiology, 120, 11-21
77. Tyree, M.T., Vargas, G., Engelbrecht, B.M.J. & Kursar, T.A. (2002) Drought until death do us part: a case study of the desiccation-tolerance of a tropical moist forest seedling-tree, Licania platypus (Hemsl.) Fritsch. Journal of Experimental Botany, 53, 2239-2247
78. Van Ieperen, W., Nijsse, J., Keijzer, C.J. & Van Meeteren, U. (2001) Induction of air embolismin xylemconduits of pre-defined diameter. Journal of Experimental Botany, 52, 981-991
79. Yang, S.D. & Tyree, M.T. (1993) Hydraulic resistance in Acer saccharum shoots and its influence on leaf water potential and transpiration. Tree Physiology, 12, 231-242
80. Yang, S.D. & Tyree, M.T. (1994) Hydraulic architecture of Acer saccharum and A. rubrum: comparison of branches to whole trees and the contribution of leaves to hydraulic resistance. Journal of Experimental Botany, 45, 179- 186
81. Zimmermann, M.H. (1978) Hydraulic architecture of some diffuse porous trees. Canadian Journal of Botany, 56, 2286-2295
82. Zimmermann, M.H. & Jeje, A.A. (1981) Vessel length distribution in stems of someAmerican woody plants. Canadian Journal of Botany, 59, 1882-1892
83. Zwieniecki, M.A. & Boersma, L. (1997) A technique to measure root tip hydraulic conductivity and root water potential simultaneously. Journal of Experimental Botany, 48, 333-336
84. Zwieniecki, M.A. & Holbrook, N.M. (1998) Diurnal variation in xylem hydraulic conductivity in white ash (Fraxinus americana L.), redmaple (Acer rubrum L,) and red spruce (Picea rubens Sarg,). Plant Cell and Environment, 21, 1173-1180
85. Zwieniecki,M.A., Melcher, P.J. & Holbrook, N.M. (2001a) Hydraulic properties of individual xylem vessels of Fraxinus x. Journal of Experimental Botany, 52, 257-264
86. Zwieniecki, M.A., Melcher, P.J. & Holbrook, N.M. (2001b) Hydrogel control of xylemhydraulic resistance in plants. Science, 291, 1059-1062