Planned retreat as a management response to coastal risk: A case study from the Fleurieu Peninsula, South Australia

Regional Environmental Change

Volumn 13, Issue 1, 2013, Pages 193-209

  Niven, Rhiannon J ^a   Bardsley, Douglas K ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF ADELAIDE   (Australia)

Author keywords

Adaptation; Climate change; Coastal risk; Retreat; Risk Society; South Australia

Indexed keywords

EID: 84873524981     PISSN: 14363798     EISSN: 1436378X     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1007/s10113-012-0315-4     Document Type: Article

References (123)

1. Abel N, Gorddard R, Harman B, Leitch A, Langridge J, Ryan A, Heyenga S (2011) Sea level rise, coastal development and planned retreat: analytical framework, governance principles and an Australian case study. Environ Sci Policy 14(3): 279-288.
2. Adelaide and Mt Lofty Ranges Natural Resource Management Board (AMLR NRM) (2008) Creating a sustainable future: a natural resources management plan for the Adelaide and Mount Lofty Ranges region. Volume B-ten year plan for the region. Government of SA, Adelaide.
3. Adger NW (2003) Social capital, collective action, and adaptation to climate change. Econ Geogr 79: 387-404.
4. Adger NW, Hughes TP, Folke C, Carpenter SR, Rockstrom J (2005) Social-ecological resilience to coastal disasters. Science 309(5737): 1036.
5. Agyeman J, Devine-Wright P, Prange J (2009) Close to the edge, down by the river? Joining up managed retreat and place attachment in a climate changed world. Environ Plan A 41: 509-513.
6. Alexander KS, Ryan A, Measham TG (2011) Managed retreat of coastal communities: understanding responses to projected sea level rise. Environ Plan Manag 1-25.
7. Allen Consulting Group (2005) Climate change risk and vulnerability: promoting an efficient adaptation response in Australia. Final Report to the Australian Greenhouse Office, Department of the Environment and Heritage, Canberra.
8. Australian Broadcasting Corporation (ABC) News (2009) Bushfire recovery. ABC. http://www. abc. net. au/news/events/bushfires/. Accessed 20 May 2010.
9. Australian Broadcasting Corporation (ABC) News (2011) Byron scraps coastal plan. ABC. http://www. abc. net. au/news/stories/2011/04/26/3200309. htm. Accessed 5 May 2011.
10. Australian Bureau of Statistics (ABS) (2011) 3218. 0 Regional population growth, Australia, 2009-2010. ABS. http://www. abs. gov. au/ausstats/abs@. nsf/Products/3218. 0~2009-10~Main+Features~South+Australia. Accessed 5 May 2011.
11. Ballinger RC, Potts JS, Bradly NJ, Pettit SJ (2000) A comparison between coastal hazard planning in New Zealand and the evolving approach in England and Wales. Ocean Coast Manag 43(10-11): 905-925.
12. Bardsley DK, Liddicoat C (2008) Community perceptions of climate change impacts on natural resource management in the Adelaide and Mount Lofty Ranges. DWLBC Report 14. South Australian Government, Adelaide.
13. Bardsley DK, Rogers GP (2011) Prioritizing engagement for sustainable adaptation to climate change: an example from natural resource management in South Australia. Soc Nat Resour 24(1): 1-17.
14. Bardsley DK, Sweeney S (2010) Guiding climate change adaptation within vulnerable natural resource management systems. Environ Manag 45(1): 1114-1127.
15. Beck U (1992) Risk society: towards a new modernity (trans: Ritter M). Sage, London.
16. Beck U (2010) Climate for change, or how to create a green modernity? Theory Cult Soc 27(2-3): 254-266.
17. Beck U, Bonns W, Lau C (2003) The theory of reflexive modernisation: problematic, hypotheses and research programme. Theory Cult Soc 20(2): 1-33.
18. Blowers A (1997) Environmental policy: ecological modernisation or the risk society? Urban Stud 34(5-6): 845-871.
19. Bryman A (2008) Social research methods, 3rd edn. Oxford University Press, Oxford.
20. Burnley I, Murphy P (2004) Sea change: movement from metropolitan to arcadian Australia. University of New South Wales Press Ltd, Sydney.
21. Byron Shire Council (n. d) Planned Retreat in Byron Shire Fact Sheet. Byron Shire Council, Mullumbimby.
22. Byron Shire Council (2010) Draft coastal management plan for Byron Shire Coastline: part a May 2010. Byron Shire Council, Mullumbimby, NSW.
23. Carrick D (2010) A Byron Bay beach barney. Radio National-The Law Report. Australian Broadcasting Corporation, Australia.
24. Caton B, Fotheringham D, Lock C, Royal M, Sandercock R, Taylor R (2007) Southern Fleurieu Coastal Action Plan and Conservation Priority Study. Prepared for the Adelaide and Mount Lofty Ranges Natural Resources Management Board, Alexandrina District Council, City of Victor Harbor Council, District Council of Yankalilla, Goolwa to Wellington Local Action Plan, and Department for Environment and Heritage, Adelaide.
25. Cheong S (2008) A new direction in coastal management. Marine Policy 32(6): 1090-1093.
26. Cicin-Sain B, Belfiore S (2005) Linking marine protected areas to integrated coastal and ocean management: a review of theory and practice. Ocean Coast Manag 48(11-12): 847-868.
27. Cicin-Sain B, Knecht RW (1998) Integrated coastal management: concepts and practices. Island Press, Washington, DC.
28. City of Victor Harbor Council (2010) Draft Victor Harbor environmental management plan 2010-2014. City of Victor Harbor, Victor Harbor.
29. City of Victor Harbor Council (2011) City of Victor Harbor. City of Victor Harbor Council. Accessed 4th May 2011.
30. Coastal Concern Action Group (2010) Happisburgh's problems are national problems. Coastal Concern Action Group. http://www. happisburgh. org. uk/. Accessed 21 Oct 2010.
31. Coasts and Marine (2010) Coastal Protection Board. Department of Environment and Natural Resources. http://www. environment. sa. gov. au/coasts/about-us/coast-protection-board. html. Accessed 26 Aug 2010.
32. Commonwealth of Australia (1999) Environment protection and biodiversity and conservation act. Commonwealth of Australia, Canberra.
33. Cooper J, McKenna J (2008) Social justice in coastal erosion management: the temporal and spatial dimensions. Geoforum 39(1): 294-306.
34. Cooper J, Pilkey O (2004) Sea-level rise and shoreline retreat: time to abandon the Bruun rule. Glob Planet Chang 43(3-4): 157-171.
35. Corfee-Morlot J, Cochran I, Hallegatte S, Teasdale P-J (2011) Multi-level risk governance and urban adaptation policy. Clim Change 104(1): 169-197.
36. Curtin J (2009) Landowner's last chance to save house. Sydney Morning Herald, June 19, 2009.
37. Daniell K, Máñez Costa M, Ferrand N, Kingsborough A, Coad P, Ribarova I (2011) Aiding multi-level decision-making processes for climate change mitigation and adaptation. Reg Environ Change 11(2): 243-258.
38. Davis T, Morton D, Daly R (2010) Climate change adaptation report. Local Government Association Mutual Liability Scheme, Adelaide.
39. Deboudt P (2010) Towards coastal risk management in France. Ocean Coast Manag 53: 366-378.
40. Department for Environment and Heritage (2005) Adelaide's living beaches: a strategy for 2005-2025. The Government of SA, Adelaide.
41. Department of Climate Change (2009) Climate change risks to Australia's Coast: a first pass national assessment. Commonwealth of Australia, Canberra.
42. Department of Climate Change (2010) Adapting to climate change in Australia: an Australian government position paper. Canberra, ACT.
43. Department of Environment Climate Change and Water (2009) NSW Sea level rise policy statement. Department of Environment, Climate Change, and Water NSW, Sydney, NSW.
44. Department of Environment and Resource Management (2009) Draft Queensland coastal plan. Department of Environment and Resource Management, Brisbane.
45. Department of Environment Water Heritage and the Arts (2003) National cooperative approach to integrated coastal zone management-framework and implementation plan. Commonwealth of Australia, Canberra.
46. Duxbury J, Dickinson S (2007) Principles for sustainable governance of the coastal zone: in the context of coastal disasters. Ecol Econ 63(2-3): 319-330.
47. Ehler CN (2003) Indicators to measure governance performance in integrated coastal management. Ocean Coast Manag 46(3-4): 335-345.
48. Environment Resources and Development Court of South Australia (2007) Northcape Properties Pty Ltd versus District Council of Yorke Peninsula. Environment, Resources and Development Court of South Australia, Adelaide.
49. Feain D (2010) Erosion act to 'protect homes'. The Northern Star, 22 Oct 2010.
50. Few R, Brown K, Tompkins E (2007) Climate change and coastal management decisions: insights from Christchurch Bay, UK. Coast Manag 35(2): 255-270.
51. Fitzgibbon T (2010) Legal consequences of climate change. Property council of Australia. http://www. propertyoz. com. au/Article/NewsDetail. aspx?p=56& mid=1653. Accessed 10 Mar 2011.
52. Fitzgibbon B, Barham J (2008) Managing coastal hazards-a history of coastal erosion and the planned retreat strategy within the Byron Shire. In: 17th NSW coastal conference, Wollongong, NSW, 4-7th Nov 2008.
53. Fletcher C, Spencer T (2005) Flooding and environmental challenges for Venice and it's Lagoon: state of knowledge. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge.
54. Forbes C (2009) The effects of climate change induced coastal inundation. Natl Environ Law Rev 4: 44-57.
55. France 24 (2010) Govt to reimburse owners of houses set for demolition after Xynthia. France 24. http://www. france24. com. en. Accessed 13 Apr 2010.
56. Fraser A (2010) Byron Bay owners win right to protect beach property the Australian. http://www. theaustralian. com. au/business/property/byron-bay-owners-can-hold-back-sea/story-e6frg9gx-1225825706139. Accessed 30 June 2010.
57. French PW (2004) The changing nature of, and approaches to, UK coastal management at the start of the twenty-first century. Geogr J 170(2): 116-125.
58. Garnaut R (2008) The Garnaut climate change review: final report. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge.
59. Ghanem R, Ruddock K, Walker J (2008) Are our laws responding to the challenges posed to our coasts by climate change? Univ NSW Law J 31(3): 895-905.
60. Gippsland Coastal Board v South Gippsland SC & Ors (2008) VCAT 1545.
61. Goncalves ME (2004) Risk society and the governance of innovation in Europe: opening the black box? Sci Public Policy 31(6): 457-464.
62. Gordon AD, Lord DB, Nolan MW (1978) Byron Bay-Hastings point erosion study. NSW Department of Public Works, Coastal Engineering Branch, Sydney.
63. Government of South Australia (1972) Coastal protection act. Government of South Australia, Adelaide.
64. Government of South Australia (1993) Development act. Government of South Australia, Adelaide.
65. Government of South Australia (1999) Local government act. Government of South Australia, Adelaide.
66. Gurran N, Hamin E, Norman B (2008) Planning for climate change: leading practice principles and models for Sea Change Communities in Coastal Australia. Prepared for the National Sea Change Taskforce. University of Sydney: Faculty of Architecture, Sydney.
67. Harvey N, Caton B (2003) Coastal management in Australia. Oxford University Press, South Melbourne.
68. Harvey N, Woodroffe C (2008) Australian approaches to coastal vulnerability assessment. Sustain Sci 3(1): 67-87.
69. Hooijer A, Klijn F, Pedroli GBM, van Os AG (2004) Towards sustainable flood risk management in the Rhine and Meuse Basins: synopsis of the findings of IRMA-SPONGE. River Res Appl 20: 343-357.
70. House of Representatives Standing Committee on Climate Change Water Environment and the Arts (HRSCCCWEA) (2009) Managing our coastal zone: the time to act is now. Commonwealth of Australia, Canberra.
71. Hughes L (2011) Climate change and Australia: key vulnerable regions. Reg Environ Change 11: 189-195.
72. Hugo G (2011) Future demographic change and its interactions with migration and climate change. Glob Environ Change 21 (Supplement 1): S21-S33.
73. Hultman NE, Hassenzahl DM, Rayner S (2010) Climate risk. Annu Rev Environ Resour 35: 283-303.
74. IPCC (2007) Summary for policymakers. In: Parry ML, Canziani OF, Palutikof JP, van der Linden PJ, Hanson CE (eds) Climate change 2007: impacts, adaptation and vulnerability. Contribution of working group II to the fourth assessment report of the intergovernmental panel on climate change. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, pp 7-22.
75. Jacobi D, Syme B (2005) Port Adelaide seawater stormwater flooding study, vol 1-final report. City of Port Adelaide Enfield, Adelaide.
76. Klein RJT, Huq S, Denton F, Downing TE, Richels RG, Robinson JB, Toth FL (2007) Inter-relationships between adaptation and mitigation. In: Parry ML, Canziani OF, Palutikof JP, van der Linden PJ, Hanson CE (eds) Climate change 2007: impacts, adaptation and vulnerability. Contribution of working group II to the fourth assessment report of the intergovernmental panel on climate change. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, pp 745-777.
77. Larsen S (2011) Risk as a challenge in practice: investigating climate change in water management. Reg Environ Change 11(1): 111-122.
78. Leafe R, Pethick J, Townend I (1998) Realizing the benefits of shoreline management. Geogr J 164(3): 282-290.
79. Ledoux L, Cornell S, O'Riordan T, Harvey R, Banyard L (2005) Towards sustainable flood and coastal management: identifying drivers of, and obstacles to, managed realignment. Land Use Policy 22(2): 129-144.
80. Leitch A (2009) Community response to sea level rise policy of planned retreat: localised debates in community newspapers. Paper presented at the 18th NSW coastal conference, Ballina, 3-6 Nov.
81. McCutcheon P (2009) Waterfront property owners told to let nature take its course. Australian Broadcasting Corporation. www. abc. net. au/7: 30/content/2009/s2607703. htm. Accessed 30 June 2010.
82. McInnes KL, Suppiah R, Whelton PH, Hennessy KJ, Jones RN (2003) Climate change in South Australia. CSIRO Atmospheric Research, Melbourne.
83. McKenna J, Cooper J, O'Hagan A (2009) Coastal erosion management and the European principles of ICZM: local versus strategic perspectives. J Coast Conserv 13(2): 165-173.
84. Mol APJ, Spaargaren G (2000) Ecological modernisation theory in debate: a review. Environ Politics 9(1): 17-49.
85. Mol APJ, Sonnenfeld DA, Spaargaren G (eds) (2010) The ecological modernisation reader: environmental reform in theory and practice. Routledge, New York.
86. Mudge S, Moss M (2008) The state of our environment South Australia 2008. Environment Protection Authority, Adelaide.
87. National Sea Change Task Force (2010) A 10-point plan for coastal Australia: towards a sustainable future for our coast. Neutral Bay, NSW.
88. Neal W, Bush D, Pilkey O (2005) Managed retreat. In: Schwartz M (ed) Encyclopedia of coastal science. Springer, Dordrecht, pp 602-606.
89. New Zealand Climate Change Office (2004) Coastal hazards and climate change: a guidance manual for local government in New Zealand. New Zealand Climate Change Office, Wellington.
90. Nicholls RJ, Hoozemans FMJ (1996) The Mediterranean: vulnerability to coastal implications of climate change. Ocean Coast Manag 31(2-3): 105-132.
91. Nicholls RJ, Wong PP, Burkett VR, Codignotto JE, Hay JE, McLean RF, Ragoonaden S, Woodroffe CD (2007) Coastal systems and low-lying areas. In: Parry ML, Canziani OF, Palutikof JP, van der Linden PJ, Hansen CE (eds) Climate change 2007: impacts, adaptation and vulnerability. contribution of working group II to the fourth assessment report of the intergovernmental panel on climate change. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, pp 315-356.
92. Nolan Rumsby Planners (2009) Victor Harbor urban growth management strategy: context, issues and opportunities, scenarios, strategies, and actions. City of Victor Harbor Council, Victor Harbor.
93. Northcape Properties Pty Ltd v District Council of Yorke Peninsula (2007) SAERDC 50.
94. Olsson P, Folke C, Berkes F (2004) Adaptive comanagement for building resilience in social-ecological systems. Environ Manag 34(1): 75-90.
95. O'Riordan T, Ward R (1997) Building trust in shoreline management: creating participatory consultation in shoreline management plans. Land Use Policy 14: 257-276.
96. OzCoasts (2010) Landform and stability maps. Geoscience Australia. http://www. ozcoasts. org. au/coastal/smartline. jsp. Accessed 14th Sep 2010.
97. OzCoasts (2011) Adelaide region. Geoscience Australia. http://www. ozcoasts. org. au/climate/Map_images/Adelaide/mapLevel2. jsp. Accessed 25 May 2011.
98. Parkes v Byron Shire Council (2003) NSWLEC 104 (Parkes No. 1).
99. Parnell S (2011) Disaster zone sale curbs for rebuilding. The Weekend Australian, February 26-27, 2011, p 10.
100. Parry M, Canziani O, Palutikof J, van der Linden P, Hansen C (eds) (2007) Climate change 2007: impacts, adaptation and vulnerability, contribution of the working group II to the fourth assessment report of the intergovernmental panel on climate change. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge.
101. Parsons Brinckerhoff Australia Pty Ltd (2009) Draft Byron Shire coastal zone management plan part A. Parsons Brinkerhoff Australia Pty Ltd and Byron Shire Council, NSW.
102. Peel J, Godden L (2009) Planning for adaptation to climate change: landmark cases from Australia. Sustain Dev Law Policy 9(2): 37-41.
103. Phelan L, Taplin R, Henderson-Sellers A, Albrecht G (2011) Ecological viability or liability? Insurance system responses to climate risk. Environ Policy Gov 21(2): 112-130.
104. Planning SA (2007) South coast draft master plan. Planning SA, Adelaide.
105. Robins B (2009) Byron Bay beachfront goes begging. Sydney Morning Herald. http://www. smh. com. au/environment/climate-change/byron-bay-beachfront-goes-begging-20090601-bsz9. html. Accessed 30 June 2010.
106. Sabatier F, Samat O, Brunel C, Heurtefeux H, Delanghe-Sabatier D (2009) Determination of set-back lines on eroding coasts. Example of the beaches of the Gulf of Lions (French Mediterranean Coast). J Coast Conserv 13: 57-64.
107. Sánchez-Arcilla A, Mösso C, Sierra J, Mestres M, Harzallah A, Senouci M, El Raey M (2011) Climatic drivers of potential hazards in Mediterranean coasts. Reg Environ Change 11(3): 617-636.
108. Short A, Woodroffe C (2009) The coast of Australia. Cambridge University Press, New York.
109. Solomon S, Qin D, Manning M, Chen Z, Marquis M, Averyt K, Tignor M, Miller H (2007) Climate change 2007: the physical science basis. Contribution of working group I to the fourth assessment report of the intergovernmental panel on climate change. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge.
110. Stephens E (2009) Assessment of Hooded Plover (Thinornis rubricollis) breeding success and threats on the Fleurieu Peninusla 2006/07. Adelaide Mt Lofty Ranges Natural Resource Management Board, Adelaide.
111. Sydney Morning Herald (2010) Brumby announces bushfire response. Sydney Morning Herald. http://news. smh. com. au/breaking-news-national/brumby-announces-bushfire-response-20100827-13ur9. html. Accessed 30 Aug 2010.
112. The Northern Star (2011a) New court battle over Belongil Beach erosion. http://www. northernstar. com. au/story/2011/03/04/new-court-battle-over-beach-erosion-belongil-shire/. Accessed 16 Apr 2011.
113. The Northern Star (2011b) Planned retreat back on display. The Northern Star. http://www. northernstar. com. au/story/2011/11/03/planned-erosion-retreat-back-on-display/. Accessed 3 Feb 2012.
114. The Times (2010) Mayor welcomes support for coastal communities. The Times, 19/08/2010, p 11.
115. Thomas G (2009) How to do your research project: a guide for students in education and applied social sciences. Sage, New York.
116. Tribbia J, Moser SC (2008) More than information: what coastal managers need to plan for climate change. Environ Sci Policy 11(4): 315-328.
117. Turner RK, Lorenzoni I, Beaumont N, Bateman IJ, Langford IH, McDonald AI (1998) Coastal management for sustainable development: analysing environmental and socio-economic changes on the UK coast. Geogr J 164: 269-281.
118. Urry J (2011) Climate change and society. Polity Press, Cambridge.
119. Viles H, Spencer T (1995) Coastal problems: geomorphology, ecology, and society at the coast. Edward Arnold, London.
120. von Storch H, Woth K (2008) Storm surges: perspectives and options. Sustain Sci 3: 33-43.
121. Wilkinson M (2009a) Beachfront residents on own against sea rise. Sydney Morning Herald. http://www. smh. com. au/environment/climate-change/beachfront-residents-on-own-against-sea-rise-20090612-c64b. html. Accessed 14 June 2010.
122. Wilkinson M (2009b) Coastal erosion battle escalates. Sydney Morning Herald. http://www. smh. com. au/environment/climate-change/coastal-erosion-battle-escalates-20090628-d1b7. html. Accessed 14 June 2010.
123. Wisner B, Blaikie P, Cannon T, Davis I (2004) At risk: natural hazards, people's vulnerability and disasters, 2nd edn. Routledge, New York.