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Volumn 1, Issue , 2004, Pages 188-203

Concepts for the comparison of dictatorships: 'Totalitarianism' and 'political religions'

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EID: 84873477255     PISSN: None     EISSN: None     Source Type: Book    
DOI: 10.4324/9780203340288     Document Type: Chapter
Times cited : (7)

References (59)
  • 1
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    • Thus, for example, Alan Bullock, whose monumental biography of Hitler of 1952 bears the sub-title, 'A Study in Tyranny'. In 1993, the same author presented the 'parallel lives'-a title of Plutarch!-of Hitler and Stalin. See, New York
    • Thus, for example, Alan Bullock, whose monumental biography of Hitler of 1952 bears the sub-title, 'A Study in Tyranny'. In 1993, the same author presented the 'parallel lives'-a title of Plutarch!-of Hitler and Stalin. See Alan Bullock, Hitler and Stalin: Parallel Lives (New York, 1992).
    • (1992) Hitler and Stalin: Parallel Lives
    • Bullock, A.1
  • 3
    • 0010423956 scopus 로고
    • On the spread of the dictatorship concept throughout Europe, see Ernst Nolte, 'Diktatur'
    • The dictatorship theme can be found in other authors as well, Brunner, Conze and Koselleck (eds), Stuttgart, including footnote 45
    • The dictatorship theme can be found in other authors as well: Oswald Spengler, Karl Kautsky, Hermann Heller, Rudolf Smend. On the spread of the dictatorship concept throughout Europe, see Ernst Nolte, 'Diktatur', in Brunner, Conze and Koselleck (eds), Geschichtliche Grundbegriffe, Vol. I (Stuttgart, 1972), pp. 900-24, 922 ff., including footnote 45.
    • (1972) Geschichtliche Grundbegriffe , vol.1 , pp. 900-924
    • Spengler, O.1    Kautsky, K.2    Heller, H.3    Smend, R.4
  • 4
    • 0002272907 scopus 로고
    • Mussolini's opponents branded Fascist Italy as a prototypical dictatorship. See, New York
    • Mussolini's opponents branded Fascist Italy as a prototypical dictatorship. See Gaetano Salvemini, The Fascist Dictatorship in Italy (New York, 1927).
    • (1927) The Fascist Dictatorship in Italy
    • Salvemini, G.1
  • 6
    • 11544281682 scopus 로고
    • On Pilsudski's dictatorship, see, Darmstadt
    • On Pilsudski's dictatorship, see Gotthold Rhode, Kleine Geschichte Polens (Darmstadt, 1965), pp. 484 ff.
    • (1965) Kleine Geschichte Polens , pp. 484 ff
    • Rhode, G.1
  • 15
    • 84909038077 scopus 로고
    • Stufen der Totalitarismusforschung
    • Klaus Hildebrand, 'Stufen der Totalitarismusforschung', Politische Vierteljahrsschrift, 9 (1968), pp. 397-422.
    • (1968) Politische Vierteljahrsschrift , vol.9 , pp. 397-422
    • Hildebrand, K.1
  • 21
    • 84917426148 scopus 로고
    • Darmstadt, I thank Mr Michael Schäfer, MA for important help in examining and classifying this extensive material
    • Wolfgang Wippermann, Faschismustheorien (Darmstadt, 1972). I thank Mr Michael Schäfer, MA for important help in examining and classifying this extensive material.
    • (1972) Faschismustheorien
    • Wippermann, W.1
  • 24
    • 84906628588 scopus 로고
    • Die Entstehung des Totalitarismusbegriffs in Italien
    • Manfred Funke (ed.), Dusseldorf, also concerning what follows
    • Jens Petersen, 'Die Entstehung des Totalitarismusbegriffs in Italien', in Manfred Funke (ed.), Totalitarismus: Ein Studien-Reader zur Herrschaftsanalyse moderner Diktaturen (Dusseldorf, 1978), pp. 105-28 (also concerning what follows).
    • (1978) Totalitarismus: Ein Studien-Reader zur Herrschaftsanalyse moderner Diktaturen , pp. 105-128
    • Petersen, J.1
  • 25
    • 84908906365 scopus 로고
    • Maggioranza e minoranza
    • 12 May 1923, reprinted in Giovanni Amendola, La democrazia italiana contro il fascismo, 1922-1924, Milan and Naples
    • Giovanni Amendola, 'Maggioranza e minoranza', Il Mondo, 12 May 1923, reprinted in Giovanni Amendola, La democrazia italiana contro il fascismo, 1922-1924 (Milan and Naples, 1960), pp. 102 ff.
    • (1960) Il Mondo , pp. 102 ff
    • Amendola, G.1
  • 26
    • 84908906364 scopus 로고
    • L'antistato
    • 2 January, The article appeared under the pseudonym, Prometeo Filodemo
    • Lelio Basso, 'L'antistato', La Rivoluzione Liberale, 2 January 1925. The article appeared under the pseudonym, Prometeo Filodemo.
    • (1925) La Rivoluzione Liberale
    • Basso, L.1
  • 34
    • 84876441326 scopus 로고
    • On the economic origin of the Schmittian conception of the 'total state' compare, Munich
    • On the economic origin of the Schmittian conception of the 'total state' compare LutzArwed Bentin, Johannes Popitz und Carl Schmitt (Munich, 1972), pp. 78 ff., 114 ff.
    • (1972) Johannes Popitz und Carl Schmitt , pp. 78ff-114ff
    • Bentin, L.1
  • 35
    • 84890679328 scopus 로고
    • See, Mainz, Further literature can be found there
    • See Heinz Hürten, Waldemar Gurian (Mainz, 1972). Further literature can be found there.
    • (1972) Waldemar Gurian
    • Hürten, H.1
  • 40
    • 85044897639 scopus 로고
    • The Totalitarian State and the Claims of the Church
    • Paul Tillich, 'The Totalitarian State and the Claims of the Church', Social Research I (1934), pp. 405-33.
    • (1934) Social Research I , pp. 405-433
    • Tillich, P.1
  • 41
    • 79953380812 scopus 로고
    • Der Kampf gegen den Liberalismus in der totalitären Staatsauffassung
    • Herbert Marcuse, 'Der Kampf gegen den Liberalismus in der totalitären Staatsauffassung', Zeitschrift für Sozialfoschung III (1934), pp. 161-95.
    • (1934) Zeitschrift für Sozialfoschung , vol.3 , pp. 161-195
    • Marcuse, H.1
  • 42
    • 84908906261 scopus 로고
    • Der Faschismus
    • Richard Löwenthal
    • Paul Sering (Richard Löwenthal), 'Der Faschismus', Zeitschrift für Sozialismus, 24-7 (1934/35).
    • (1934) Zeitschrift für Sozialismus , vol.24-27
    • Sering, P.1
  • 46
    • 25444501145 scopus 로고
    • Vienna, Stockholm and Berlin, newly edited by Peter J.Opitz (Munich, 1993)
    • Eric Voegelin, Die Politischen Religionen (Vienna, 1938; Stockholm and Berlin, 1939), newly edited by Peter J.Opitz (Munich, 1993).
    • (1938) Die Politischen Religionen
    • Voegelin, E.1
  • 47
    • 2542541223 scopus 로고
    • Religionsersatz. Die gnostische Massenbewegung unserer Zeit
    • Eric Voegelin, 'Religionsersatz. Die gnostische Massenbewegung unserer Zeit', Wort und Wahrheit, 15 (1960), p. 15.
    • (1960) Wort und Wahrheit , vol.15 , pp. 15
    • Voegelin, E.1
  • 51
    • 85090666628 scopus 로고
    • Erik Peterson und das Problem der politischen Theologie
    • Hans Maier, 'Erik Peterson und das Problem der politischen Theologie', Zeitschrift für Politik, 1991.
    • (1991) Zeitschrift für Politik
    • Maier, H.1


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