Police officers: A high-risk group for the development of mental health disturbances? A cohort study

BMJ Open

Volumn 3, Issue 1, 2013, Pages

  Van Der Velden, Peter G ^a,b,c   Rademaker, Arthur R ^d   Vermetten, Eric ^d   Portengen, Marie Anne ^e   Yzermans, Joris C ^f   Grievink, Linda ^g  

^a Institute for Psychotrauma   (Netherlands)

^b TILBURG UNIVERSITY   (Netherlands)

^c ARQ PSYCHOTRAUMA EXPERT GROUP   (Netherlands)

^d UNIVERSITY MEDICAL CENTER UTRECHT   (Netherlands)

^e Occupational Health Services ARBOUNIE   (Netherlands)

^f NETHERLANDS INSTITUTE FOR HEALTH SERVICES RESEARCH   (Netherlands)

^g NATIONAL INSTITUTE FOR PUBLIC HEALTH AND THE ENVIRONMENT   (Netherlands)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

ADULT; AGED; ANXIETY DISORDER; ARTICLE; ASSERTIVENESS; CROSS-SECTIONAL STUDY; DEPRESSION; DISEASE COURSE; DISEASE SEVERITY; FEMALE; FIRE FIGHTER; GOVERNMENT; HIGH RISK POPULATION; HOSTILITY; HUMAN; LONGITUDINAL STUDY; MAJOR CLINICAL STUDY; MALE; MENTAL DISEASE; NETHERLANDS; OFFICE WORKER; POLICE; PREVALENCE; RATING SCALE; SOLDIER;

EID: 84873464798     PISSN: None     EISSN: 20446055     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2012-001720     Document Type: Article

References (34)

1. Berg AM, Hem E, Lau B, et al. An exploration of job stress and health in the Norwegian police service: cross sectional study. J Occup Med Toxicol 2006;1:26.
2. Maguen S, Metzler TJ, McCaslin SE, et al. Routine work environment stress and PTSD symptoms in police officers. J Nerv Ment Dis 2009;197:754-60.
3. Stephens C, Miller I. Traumatic experiences and posttraumatic stress disorder in the New Zealand police. Policing 1998;21:178-91. (Pubitemid 128454771)
4. Hartley TA, Violanti JM, Fekedulegn D, et al. Associations between major life events, traumatic incidents, and depression among Buffalo police officers. Int J Emerg Ment Health 2007;9:25-35.
5. van der Velden PG, Kleber RJ, Grievink L, et al. Confrontations with aggression and mental health problems in police officers: the role of organizational stressors, life-events and previous mental health problems. Psychol Trauma Theory Res Pract Policy 2010;2:135-44.
6. Liberman AM, Best SR, Metzler TJ, et al. Routine occupational stress and psychological distress in police. Policing 2002;25:421-39.
7. Huddleston L, Stephens C, Paton D. An evaluation of traumatic and organizational experiences on the psychological health of New Zealand police recruits. Work 2007;28:199-207. (Pubitemid 46554056)
8. Johnson S, Cooper C, Cartwright S, et al. The experience of work-related stress across occupations. J Manag Psychol 2005;20:178-87. (Pubitemid 40742499)
9. Hart PM, Wearing AJ, Headey B. Police stress and well-being: integrating personality, coping and daily work experiences. J Occup Organ Psychol 1995;68:133-65.
10. van der Velden PG, Grievink L, Dusseldorp A, et al. Health victims Enschede fireworks disaster (In Dutch). Zaltbommel/Bilthoven, The Netherlands: Instituut voor Psychotrauma (IvP)/Rijksinstituut voor Volksgezondheid en Milieu (RIVM), 2002.
11. van der Velden PG, van der Burg S, Steinmetz CHD, et al. Victim of bank robberies (In Dutch). Houten, the Netherlands: Bohn Stafleu Van Loghem, 1992.
12. van der Velden PG, Herpers TMM. Aggression in a psychiatric hospital (in Dutch). Gedrag Gezondheid 1994;5:209-18.
13. van der Velden PG, Kleber RJ, van Oostrom I. StressMonitor manual (In Dutch) Zaltbommel, The Netherlands: Instituut voor Psychotrauma/S&N, 2000.
14. Rademaker AR, van Zuiden M, Vermetten E, et al. Type D personality and the development of PTSD symptoms: a prospective study. J Abnorm Psychol 2011;120:299-307.
15. van der Velden PG, Christiaanse B, Kleber RJ, et al. The effects of disaster exposure and post-disaster critical incidents on intrusions, avoidance and health problems among firefighters: a comparative study. Stress Trauma Crisis Int J 2006;9:73-93. (Pubitemid 43841034)
16. Portengen MAF. Aggression and violence in social welfare (In Dutch). Amsterdam, The Netherlands: Corvu/AMC Amsterdam, 1995.
17. van der Velden PG. Investigation of unsafe situations in supermarkets (In Dutch). Zaltbommel, The Netherlands: Instituut voor Psychotrauma, 1996.
18. Derogatis LR. SCL-90-R: administration, scoring and procedures manual-I for the R (evised) version. Baltimore, USA: Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Clinical Psychometrics Research Unit, 1977.
19. Arrindell WA, Ettema JHM. SCL-90-R manual (In Dutch). Amsterdam/Lisse, The Netherlands: Swets & Zeitlinger/Swets Test publishers, 1986 and 2003.
20. Kop N, Euwema M, Schaufeli W. Burnout, job stress and violent behavior among Dutch police officers. Work Stress 1999;13:326-40. (Pubitemid 30417164)
21. Galatzer-Levy IR, Madan A, Neylan TC, et al. Peritraumatic and trait dissociation differentiate police officers with resilient versus symptomatic trajectories of posttraumatic stress symptoms. J Trauma Stress 2011;24:557-65.
22. Alexander DA, Wells A. Reactions of police officers to body handling after a major disaster: a before and after comparison. Br J Psychiatry 1991;159:547-55.
23. Hem E, Berg AM, Ekeberg AO. Suicide in police-a critical review. Suicide Life Threat Behav 2001;31:224-33.
24. Engelhard IM, van den Hout MA, Weerts J, et al. Deployment-related stress and trauma in Dutch soldiers returning from Iraq. Prospective study. Br J Psychiatry 2007;191:140-5. (Pubitemid 47204534)
25. Deering CG, Glover SG, Ready D, et al. Unique patterns of comorbidity in posttraumatic stress disorder from different sources of trauma. Compr Psychiatry 1996;37:336-46. (Pubitemid 26304779)
26. Blanchard EB, Buckley TC, Hickling EJ, et al. Posttraumatic stress disorder and comorbid major depression: is the correlation an illusion? J Anxiety Disord 1998;12:21-37. (Pubitemid 28155821)
27. Rona RJ, Jones M, Iversen A, et al. The impact of posttraumatic stress disorder on impairment in the UK military at the time of the Iraq war. J Psychiatry Res 2009;43:649-55.
28. Neal LA, Busutti W, Rollins JI, et al. Convergent validity of measures of post-traumatic stress disorder in a mixed military and civilian population. J Trauma Stress 1994;7:447-55. (Pubitemid 24363598)
29. Saunders BE, Arata Mandoki C, Kilpatrick D. Development of a crime-related post-traumatic stress disorder scale for women within the symptom checklist-90-revised. J Trauma Stress 1990;3:439-48.
30. Weathers FW, Litz BT, Keane TM, et al. The utility of the SCL-90-R for the diagnosis of war-zone related posttraumatic stress disorder. J Trauma Stress 1996;9:111-28. (Pubitemid 26050632)
31. Kessler RC, Chiu WT, Demler O, et al. Prevalence, severity, and comorbidity of 12-month DSM-IV disorders in the National Comorbidity Survey Replication. Arch Gen Psychiatry 2005;62:617-27. (Pubitemid 40973437)
32. Vollebergh WAM, Iedema J, Bijl RV, et al. The structure and stability of common mental disorders: the Nemesis-study. Arch Gen Psychiatry 2001;58:597-603. (Pubitemid 32523741)
33. de Graaf R, ten Have M, van Dorsselaer S. De psychische gezondheid van de Nederlandse bevolking NEMESIS-2: Opzet en eerste resultaten [The mental health of the Dutch population NEMISIS-2: Design and first results. In Dutch]. Utrecht, The Netherlands: Trimbos.
34. Sterud T, Hem E, Ekeberg O, et al. Occupational stress and alcohol use: a study of two nationwide samples of operational police and ambulance, personnel in Norway. Stud Alcohol Drugs 2007;68:896-904. (Pubitemid 350144499)