메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 17, Issue 1, 2012, Pages

Pro/con debate: Should PaCO2 be tightly controlled in all patients with acute brain injuries?

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

CARBON DIOXIDE;

EID: 84873311188     PISSN: 13648535     EISSN: 1466609X     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1186/cc11389     Document Type: Review
Times cited : (11)

References (59)
  • 1
    • 84862490519 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Acute respiratory distress syndrome: the Berlin definition
    • The ARDS Definition Task Force
    • The ARDS Definition Task Force Acute respiratory distress syndrome: the Berlin definition. JAMA 2012, 307:2526-2533. The ARDS Definition Task Force.
    • (2012) JAMA , vol.307 , pp. 2526-2533
  • 4
    • 0015209294 scopus 로고
    • Prognosis in acute cerebrovascular accidents in relation to respiratory pattern and blood gas tensions
    • 10.1136/bmj.3.5765.7, 1800048, 5091916
    • Rout MW, Lane DJ, Wollner L. Prognosis in acute cerebrovascular accidents in relation to respiratory pattern and blood gas tensions. BMJ 1971, 3:7-9. 10.1136/bmj.3.5765.7, 1800048, 5091916.
    • (1971) BMJ , vol.3 , pp. 7-9
    • Rout, M.W.1    Lane, D.J.2    Wollner, L.3
  • 5
    • 34250374348 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The impact of prehospital ventilation on outcome after severe traumatic brain injury
    • discussion 1336-1338, 10.1097/TA.0b013e31804a8032, 17563643
    • Warner KJ, Cuschieri J, Copass MK, Jurkovich GJ, Bulger EM. The impact of prehospital ventilation on outcome after severe traumatic brain injury. J Trauma 2007, 62:1330-1336. discussion 1336-1338, 10.1097/TA.0b013e31804a8032, 17563643.
    • (2007) J Trauma , vol.62 , pp. 1330-1336
    • Warner, K.J.1    Cuschieri, J.2    Copass, M.K.3    Jurkovich, G.J.4    Bulger, E.M.5
  • 6
    • 33645830966 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Early ventilation and outcome in patients with moderate to severe traumatic brain injury
    • 10.1097/01.CCM.0000208359.74623.1C, 16484927
    • Davis DP, Idris AH, Sise MJ, Kennedy F, Eastman AB, Velky T, Vilke GM, Hoyt DB. Early ventilation and outcome in patients with moderate to severe traumatic brain injury. Crit Care Med 2006, 34:1202-1208. 10.1097/01.CCM.0000208359.74623.1C, 16484927.
    • (2006) Crit Care Med , vol.34 , pp. 1202-1208
    • Davis, D.P.1    Idris, A.H.2    Sise, M.J.3    Kennedy, F.4    Eastman, A.B.5    Velky, T.6    Vilke, G.M.7    Hoyt, D.B.8
  • 7
    • 67749145337 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Prehospital hypocapnia and poor outcome after severe traumatic brain injury
    • 10.1097/TA.0b013e3181a3931d, 19509617
    • Caulfield EV, Dutton RP, Floccare DJ, Stansbury LG, Scalea TM. Prehospital hypocapnia and poor outcome after severe traumatic brain injury. J Trauma 2009, 66:1577-1582. 10.1097/TA.0b013e3181a3931d, 19509617.
    • (2009) J Trauma , vol.66 , pp. 1577-1582
    • Caulfield, E.V.1    Dutton, R.P.2    Floccare, D.J.3    Stansbury, L.G.4    Scalea, T.M.5
  • 8
    • 0026004434 scopus 로고
    • Adverse effects of prolonged hyperventilation in patients with severe head injury: a randomized clinical trial
    • 10.3171/jns.1991.75.5.0731, 1919695
    • Muizelaar JP, Marmarou A, Ward JD, Kontos HA, Choi SC, Becker DP, Gruemer H, Young HF. Adverse effects of prolonged hyperventilation in patients with severe head injury: a randomized clinical trial. J Neurosurg 1991, 75:731-739. 10.3171/jns.1991.75.5.0731, 1919695.
    • (1991) J Neurosurg , vol.75 , pp. 731-739
    • Muizelaar, J.P.1    Marmarou, A.2    Ward, J.D.3    Kontos, H.A.4    Choi, S.C.5    Becker, D.P.6    Gruemer, H.7    Young, H.F.8
  • 9
    • 0014881843 scopus 로고
    • Cerebral blood flow during and after hyperventilation
    • 10.1001/archneur.1970.00480290014002, 5471647
    • Raichle ME, Posner JB, Plum F. Cerebral blood flow during and after hyperventilation. Arch Neurol 1970, 23:394-403. 10.1001/archneur.1970.00480290014002, 5471647.
    • (1970) Arch Neurol , vol.23 , pp. 394-403
    • Raichle, M.E.1    Posner, J.B.2    Plum, F.3
  • 10
    • 0028802805 scopus 로고
    • Cerebral blood flow and blood volume in response to O2 and CO2 changes in normal humans
    • discussion 471-462
    • Fortune JB, Feustel PJ, deLuna C, Graca L, Hasselbarth J, Kupinski AM. Cerebral blood flow and blood volume in response to O2 and CO2 changes in normal humans. J Trauma 1995, 39:463-471. discussion 471-462.
    • (1995) J Trauma , vol.39 , pp. 463-471
    • Fortune, J.B.1    Feustel, P.J.2    deLuna, C.3    Graca, L.4    Hasselbarth, J.5    Kupinski, A.M.6
  • 11
    • 77951623438 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Hypocapnia and the injured brain: more\harm than benefit
    • Curley G, Kavanagh BP, Laffey JG. Hypocapnia and the injured brain: more\harm than benefit. Crit Care Med 2010, 38:1348-1359.
    • (2010) Crit Care Med , vol.38 , pp. 1348-1359
    • Curley, G.1    Kavanagh, B.P.2    Laffey, J.G.3
  • 12
    • 24644499999 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Ventilation patterns in patients with severe traumatic brain injury following paramedic rapid sequence intubation
    • Davis DP, Heister R, Poste JC, Hoyt DB, Ochs M, Dunford JV. Ventilation patterns in patients with severe traumatic brain injury following paramedic rapid sequence intubation. NeurocritCare 2005, 2:165-171.
    • (2005) NeurocritCare , vol.2 , pp. 165-171
    • Davis, D.P.1    Heister, R.2    Poste, J.C.3    Hoyt, D.B.4    Ochs, M.5    Dunford, J.V.6
  • 17
    • 0036884705 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effect of hyperventilation on extracellular concentrations of glutamate, lactate, pyruvate, and local cerebral blood flow in patients with severe traumatic brain injury
    • 10.1097/00003246-200212000-00001, 12483048
    • Marion DW, Puccio A, Wisniewski SR, Kochanek P, Dixon CE, Bullian L, Carlier P. Effect of hyperventilation on extracellular concentrations of glutamate, lactate, pyruvate, and local cerebral blood flow in patients with severe traumatic brain injury. Crit Care Med 2002, 30:2619-2625. 10.1097/00003246-200212000-00001, 12483048.
    • (2002) Crit Care Med , vol.30 , pp. 2619-2625
    • Marion, D.W.1    Puccio, A.2    Wisniewski, S.R.3    Kochanek, P.4    Dixon, C.E.5    Bullian, L.6    Carlier, P.7
  • 18
    • 0016293733 scopus 로고
    • Abnormal breathing patterns associated with acute brain damage
    • 10.1001/archneur.1974.00490410086010, 4411797
    • North JB, Jennett S. Abnormal breathing patterns associated with acute brain damage. Arch Neurol 1974, 31:338-344. 10.1001/archneur.1974.00490410086010, 4411797.
    • (1974) Arch Neurol , vol.31 , pp. 338-344
    • North, J.B.1    Jennett, S.2
  • 19
    • 4043176949 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The impact of hypoxia and hyperventilation on outcome after paramedic rapid sequence intubation of severely head-injured patients
    • 10.1097/01.TA.0000135503.71684.C8, 15284540
    • Davis DP, Dunford JV, Poste JC, Ochs M, Holbrook T, Fortlage D, Size MJ, Kennedy F, Hoyt DB. The impact of hypoxia and hyperventilation on outcome after paramedic rapid sequence intubation of severely head-injured patients. J Trauma 2004, 57:1-8. 10.1097/01.TA.0000135503.71684.C8, 15284540.
    • (2004) J Trauma , vol.57 , pp. 1-8
    • Davis, D.P.1    Dunford, J.V.2    Poste, J.C.3    Ochs, M.4    Holbrook, T.5    Fortlage, D.6    Size, M.J.7    Kennedy, F.8    Hoyt, D.B.9
  • 20
    • 0029014677 scopus 로고
    • Continuous monitoring of jugular bulb oxygen saturation in comatose patients--therapeutic implications
    • 10.1007/BF01428507, 7668132
    • Schneider GH, von Helden A, Lanksch WR, Unterberg A. Continuous monitoring of jugular bulb oxygen saturation in comatose patients--therapeutic implications. Acta Neurochir (Wien) 1995, 134:71-75. 10.1007/BF01428507, 7668132.
    • (1995) Acta Neurochir (Wien) , vol.134 , pp. 71-75
    • Schneider, G.H.1    von Helden, A.2    Lanksch, W.R.3    Unterberg, A.4
  • 21
    • 0026542001 scopus 로고
    • Continuous monitoring of jugular venous oxygen saturation in head-injured patients
    • 10.3171/jns.1992.76.2.0212, 1472169
    • Sheinberg M, Kanter MJ, Robertson CS, Contant CF, Narayan RK, Grossman RG. Continuous monitoring of jugular venous oxygen saturation in head-injured patients. J Neurosurg 1992, 76:212-217. 10.3171/jns.1992.76.2.0212, 1472169.
    • (1992) J Neurosurg , vol.76 , pp. 212-217
    • Sheinberg, M.1    Kanter, M.J.2    Robertson, C.S.3    Contant, C.F.4    Narayan, R.K.5    Grossman, R.G.6
  • 22
    • 0027757504 scopus 로고
    • Monitoring of jugular venous oxygen saturation in comatose patients with subarachnoid haemorrhage and intracerebral haematomas
    • von Helden A, Schneider GH, Unterberg A, Lanksch WR. Monitoring of jugular venous oxygen saturation in comatose patients with subarachnoid haemorrhage and intracerebral haematomas. Acta Neurochir Suppl (Wien) 1993, 59:102-106.
    • (1993) Acta Neurochir Suppl (Wien) , vol.59 , pp. 102-106
    • von Helden, A.1    Schneider, G.H.2    Unterberg, A.3    Lanksch, W.R.4
  • 23
    • 0036005979 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cerebral tissue PO2 and SjvO2 changes during moderate hyperventilation in patients with severe traumatic brain injury
    • 10.3171/jns.2002.96.1.0097, 11794610
    • Imberti R, Bellinzona G, Langer M. Cerebral tissue PO2 and SjvO2 changes during moderate hyperventilation in patients with severe traumatic brain injury. J Neurosurg 2002, 96:97-102. 10.3171/jns.2002.96.1.0097, 11794610.
    • (2002) J Neurosurg , vol.96 , pp. 97-102
    • Imberti, R.1    Bellinzona, G.2    Langer, M.3
  • 25
  • 26
    • 0036124821 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Regional cerebrovascular and metabolic effects of hyperventilation after severe traumatic brain injury
    • 10.3171/jns.2002.96.1.0103, 11794590
    • Diringer MN, Videen TO, Yundt K, Zazulia AR, Aiyagari V, Dacey RG, Grubb RL, Powers WJ. Regional cerebrovascular and metabolic effects of hyperventilation after severe traumatic brain injury. J Neurosurg 2002, 96:103-108. 10.3171/jns.2002.96.1.0103, 11794590.
    • (2002) J Neurosurg , vol.96 , pp. 103-108
    • Diringer, M.N.1    Videen, T.O.2    Yundt, K.3    Zazulia, A.R.4    Aiyagari, V.5    Dacey, R.G.6    Grubb, R.L.7    Powers, W.J.8
  • 27
    • 0030601806 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Modification of the N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor in the brain of newborn piglets following hyperventilation induced ischemia
    • Graham EM, Apostolou M, Mishra OP, Delivoria-Papadopoulos M. Modification of the N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor in the brain of newborn piglets following hyperventilation induced ischemia. Neurosci Lett 1996, 218:29-32.
    • (1996) Neurosci Lett , vol.218 , pp. 29-32
    • Graham, E.M.1    Apostolou, M.2    Mishra, O.P.3    Delivoria-Papadopoulos, M.4
  • 28
    • 0030742240 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Activation of tyrosine hydroxylase in striatum of newborn piglets in response to hypocapnic ischemia and recovery
    • 10.1007/978-1-4615-5865-1_8, 9269412
    • Pastuszko P, Wilson DF. Activation of tyrosine hydroxylase in striatum of newborn piglets in response to hypocapnic ischemia and recovery. Adv Exp Med Biol 1997, 411:65-73. 10.1007/978-1-4615-5865-1_8, 9269412.
    • (1997) Adv Exp Med Biol , vol.411 , pp. 65-73
    • Pastuszko, P.1    Wilson, D.F.2
  • 29
    • 0029024345 scopus 로고
    • Carbon dioxide protects the perinatal brain from hypoxic-ischemic damage: an experimental study in the immature rat
    • Vannucci RC, Towfighi J, Heitjan DF, Brucklacher RM. Carbon dioxide protects the perinatal brain from hypoxic-ischemic damage: an experimental study in the immature rat. Pediatrics 1995, 95:868-874.
    • (1995) Pediatrics , vol.95 , pp. 868-874
    • Vannucci, R.C.1    Towfighi, J.2    Heitjan, D.F.3    Brucklacher, R.M.4
  • 30
    • 0030999638 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effect of carbon dioxide on cerebral metabolism during hypoxia-ischemia in the immature rat
    • 10.1203/00006450-199707000-00005, 9212033
    • Vannucci RC, Brucklacher RM, Vannucci SJ. Effect of carbon dioxide on cerebral metabolism during hypoxia-ischemia in the immature rat. Pediatr Res 1997, 42:24-29. 10.1203/00006450-199707000-00005, 9212033.
    • (1997) Pediatr Res , vol.42 , pp. 24-29
    • Vannucci, R.C.1    Brucklacher, R.M.2    Vannucci, S.J.3
  • 33
    • 0031688137 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Relationship of brain tissue PO2 to outcome after severe head injury
    • 10.1097/00003246-199809000-00029, 9751596
    • Valadka AB, Gopinath SP, Contant CF, Uzura M, Robertson CS. Relationship of brain tissue PO2 to outcome after severe head injury. Crit Care Med 1998, 26:1576-1581. 10.1097/00003246-199809000-00029, 9751596.
    • (1998) Crit Care Med , vol.26 , pp. 1576-1581
    • Valadka, A.B.1    Gopinath, S.P.2    Contant, C.F.3    Uzura, M.4    Robertson, C.S.5
  • 34
    • 0014375044 scopus 로고
    • Postoperative human reaction time and hypocarbia during anaesthesia
    • 10.1093/bja/40.12.920, 5710909
    • Wollman SB, Orkin LR. Postoperative human reaction time and hypocarbia during anaesthesia. Br J Anaesth 1968, 40:920-926. 10.1093/bja/40.12.920, 5710909.
    • (1968) Br J Anaesth , vol.40 , pp. 920-926
    • Wollman, S.B.1    Orkin, L.R.2
  • 35
    • 0019939283 scopus 로고
    • Carbon dioxide homeostasis and recovery after general anaesthesia
    • 10.1111/j.1399-6576.1982.tb01806.x, 6815976
    • Hovorka J. Carbon dioxide homeostasis and recovery after general anaesthesia. Acta Anaesthesiol Scand 1982, 26:498-504. 10.1111/j.1399-6576.1982.tb01806.x, 6815976.
    • (1982) Acta Anaesthesiol Scand , vol.26 , pp. 498-504
    • Hovorka, J.1
  • 36
    • 77956804675 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Intraoperative carbon dioxide management and outcomes
    • 10.1097/EJA.0b013e32833cca07, 20613537
    • Wax DB, Lin HM, Hossain S, Porter SB. Intraoperative carbon dioxide management and outcomes. Eur J Anaesthesiol 2010, 27:819-823. 10.1097/EJA.0b013e32833cca07, 20613537.
    • (2010) Eur J Anaesthesiol , vol.27 , pp. 819-823
    • Wax, D.B.1    Lin, H.M.2    Hossain, S.3    Porter, S.B.4
  • 38
    • 0030932028 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cerebrovascular complications and neurodevelopmental sequelae of neonatal ECMO
    • Graziani LJ, Gringlas M, Baumgart S. Cerebrovascular complications and neurodevelopmental sequelae of neonatal ECMO. Clin Perinatol 1997, 24:655-675.
    • (1997) Clin Perinatol , vol.24 , pp. 655-675
    • Graziani, L.J.1    Gringlas, M.2    Baumgart, S.3
  • 39
    • 0018577861 scopus 로고
    • Mechanisms of hyperventilation in head injury: case report and review
    • 10.1227/00006123-197912000-00011, 392331
    • Leitch AG, McLennan JE, Balkenhol S, Loudon RG, McLaurin RL. Mechanisms of hyperventilation in head injury: case report and review. Neurosurgery 1979, 5:701-707. 10.1227/00006123-197912000-00011, 392331.
    • (1979) Neurosurgery , vol.5 , pp. 701-707
    • Leitch, A.G.1    McLennan, J.E.2    Balkenhol, S.3    Loudon, R.G.4    McLaurin, R.L.5
  • 41
    • 0031596438 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The use of continuous i.v. sedation is associated with prolongation of mechanical ventilation
    • 10.1378/chest.114.2.541, 9726743
    • Kollef MH, Levy NT, Ahrens TS, Schaiff R, Prentice D, Sherman G. The use of continuous i.v. sedation is associated with prolongation of mechanical ventilation. Chest 1998, 114:541-548. 10.1378/chest.114.2.541, 9726743.
    • (1998) Chest , vol.114 , pp. 541-548
    • Kollef, M.H.1    Levy, N.T.2    Ahrens, T.S.3    Schaiff, R.4    Prentice, D.5    Sherman, G.6
  • 42
    • 0032989139 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Risk factors for developing pneumonia within 48 hours of intubation
    • Rello J, Diaz E, Roque M, Valles J. Risk factors for developing pneumonia within 48 hours of intubation. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 1999, 159:1742-1746.
    • (1999) Am J Respir Crit Care Med , vol.159 , pp. 1742-1746
    • Rello, J.1    Diaz, E.2    Roque, M.3    Valles, J.4
  • 43
    • 33644851831 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Lorazepam is an independent risk factor for transitioning to delirium in intensive care unit patients
    • 10.1097/00000542-200601000-00005, 16394685
    • Pandharipande P, Shintani A, Peterson J, Pun BT, Wilkinson GR, Dittus RS, Bernard GR, Ely EW. Lorazepam is an independent risk factor for transitioning to delirium in intensive care unit patients. Anesthesiology 2006, 104:21-26. 10.1097/00000542-200601000-00005, 16394685.
    • (2006) Anesthesiology , vol.104 , pp. 21-26
    • Pandharipande, P.1    Shintani, A.2    Peterson, J.3    Pun, B.T.4    Wilkinson, G.R.5    Dittus, R.S.6    Bernard, G.R.7    Ely, E.W.8
  • 44
    • 33947635635 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Risk factors for post-traumatic stress disorder symptoms following critical illness requiring mechanical ventilation: a prospective cohort study
    • 10.1186/cc5708, 2151865, 17316452
    • Girard TD, Shintani AK, Jackson JC, Gordon SM, Pun BT, Henderson MS, Dittus RS, Bernard GR, Ely EW. Risk factors for post-traumatic stress disorder symptoms following critical illness requiring mechanical ventilation: a prospective cohort study. Crit Care 2007, 11:R28. 10.1186/cc5708, 2151865, 17316452.
    • (2007) Crit Care , vol.11
    • Girard, T.D.1    Shintani, A.K.2    Jackson, J.C.3    Gordon, S.M.4    Pun, B.T.5    Henderson, M.S.6    Dittus, R.S.7    Bernard, G.R.8    Ely, E.W.9
  • 45
    • 0034682246 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Daily interruption of sedative infusions in critically ill patients undergoing mechanical ventilation
    • 10.1056/NEJM200005183422002, 10816184
    • Kress JP, Pohlman AS, O'Connor MF, Hall JB. Daily interruption of sedative infusions in critically ill patients undergoing mechanical ventilation. N Engl J Med 2000, 342:1471-1477. 10.1056/NEJM200005183422002, 10816184.
    • (2000) N Engl J Med , vol.342 , pp. 1471-1477
    • Kress, J.P.1    Pohlman, A.S.2    O'Connor, M.F.3    Hall, J.B.4
  • 46
    • 0346732063 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The long-term psychological effects of daily sedative interruption on critically ill patients
    • 10.1164/rccm.200303-455OC, 14525802
    • Kress JP, Gehlbach B, Lacy M, Pliskin N, Pohlman AS, Hall JB. The long-term psychological effects of daily sedative interruption on critically ill patients. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2003, 168:1457-1461. 10.1164/rccm.200303-455OC, 14525802.
    • (2003) Am J Respir Crit Care Med , vol.168 , pp. 1457-1461
    • Kress, J.P.1    Gehlbach, B.2    Lacy, M.3    Pliskin, N.4    Pohlman, A.S.5    Hall, J.B.6
  • 48
    • 0026752187 scopus 로고
    • The use of muscle relaxants in the intensive care unit
    • 10.1007/BF03008345, 1451224
    • Sharpe MD. The use of muscle relaxants in the intensive care unit. Can J Anaesth 1992, 39:949-962. 10.1007/BF03008345, 1451224.
    • (1992) Can J Anaesth , vol.39 , pp. 949-962
    • Sharpe, M.D.1
  • 49
    • 33750251162 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Acute neuromuscular weakness in the intensive care unit
    • 10.1097/01.CCM.0000239436.63452.81, 16932235
    • Maramattom BV, Wijdicks EFM. Acute neuromuscular weakness in the intensive care unit. Crit Care Med 2006, 34:2835-2841. 10.1097/01.CCM.0000239436.63452.81, 16932235.
    • (2006) Crit Care Med , vol.34 , pp. 2835-2841
    • Maramattom, B.V.1    Wijdicks, E.F.M.2
  • 50
    • 34447114621 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Neuromonitoring in the intensive care unit. I. Intracranial pressure and cerebral blood flow monitoring
    • 10.1007/s00134-007-0678-z, 17522844
    • Bhatia A, Gupta AK. Neuromonitoring in the intensive care unit. I. Intracranial pressure and cerebral blood flow monitoring. Intensive Care Med 2007, 33:1263-1271. 10.1007/s00134-007-0678-z, 17522844.
    • (2007) Intensive Care Med , vol.33 , pp. 1263-1271
    • Bhatia, A.1    Gupta, A.K.2
  • 51
    • 34547109855 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Neuromonitoring in the intensive care unit. II. Cerebral oxygenation monitoring and microdialysis
    • 10.1007/s00134-007-0660-9, 17522846
    • Bhatia A, Gupta AK. Neuromonitoring in the intensive care unit. II. Cerebral oxygenation monitoring and microdialysis. Intensive Care Med 2007, 33:1322-1328. 10.1007/s00134-007-0660-9, 17522846.
    • (2007) Intensive Care Med , vol.33 , pp. 1322-1328
    • Bhatia, A.1    Gupta, A.K.2
  • 52
    • 1542314369 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Jugular bulb oximetry for prediction of vasospasm following subarachnoid hemorrhage
    • Heran NS, Hentschel SJ, Toyota BD. Jugular bulb oximetry for prediction of vasospasm following subarachnoid hemorrhage. Can J Neurol Sci 2004, 31:80-86.
    • (2004) Can J Neurol Sci , vol.31 , pp. 80-86
    • Heran, N.S.1    Hentschel, S.J.2    Toyota, B.D.3
  • 53
    • 77951075732 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The role of transcranial Doppler ultrasonography in the diagnosis and management of vasospasm after aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage
    • 10.1016/j.nec.2009.10.010, 20380971
    • Marshall SA, Nyquist P, Ziai WC. The role of transcranial Doppler ultrasonography in the diagnosis and management of vasospasm after aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage. Neurosurg Clin N Am 2010, 21:291-303. 10.1016/j.nec.2009.10.010, 20380971.
    • (2010) Neurosurg Clin N Am , vol.21 , pp. 291-303
    • Marshall, S.A.1    Nyquist, P.2    Ziai, W.C.3
  • 54
    • 77950925998 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effect of an analgo-sedation protocol for neurointensive patients: a two-phase interventional nonrandomized pilot study
    • 10.1186/cc8978, 2887194, 20403186
    • Egerod I, Jensen MB, Herling SF, Welling KL. Effect of an analgo-sedation protocol for neurointensive patients: a two-phase interventional nonrandomized pilot study. Crit Care 2010, 14:R71. 10.1186/cc8978, 2887194, 20403186.
    • (2010) Crit Care , vol.14
    • Egerod, I.1    Jensen, M.B.2    Herling, S.F.3    Welling, K.L.4
  • 55
    • 18044390970 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Safety and efficacy of analgesia-based sedation with remifentanil versus standard hypnotic-based regimens in intensive care unit patients with brain injuries: a randomised, controlled trial [ISRCTN50308308]
    • 10.1186/cc2896, 522854, 15312228
    • Karabinis A, Mandragos K, Stergiopoulos S, Komnos A, Soukup J, Speelberg B, Kirkham AJ. Safety and efficacy of analgesia-based sedation with remifentanil versus standard hypnotic-based regimens in intensive care unit patients with brain injuries: a randomised, controlled trial [ISRCTN50308308]. Crit Care 2004, 8:R268-280. 10.1186/cc2896, 522854, 15312228.
    • (2004) Crit Care , vol.8
    • Karabinis, A.1    Mandragos, K.2    Stergiopoulos, S.3    Komnos, A.4    Soukup, J.5    Speelberg, B.6    Kirkham, A.J.7
  • 57
    • 29744446461 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Acute lung injury in patients with subarachnoid hemorrhage: incidence, risk factors, and outcome
    • 10.1097/01.CCM.0000194540.44020.8E, 16374174
    • Kahn JM, Caldwell EC, Deem S, Newell DW, Heckbert SR, Rubenfeld GD. Acute lung injury in patients with subarachnoid hemorrhage: incidence, risk factors, and outcome. Crit Care Med 2006, 34:196-202. 10.1097/01.CCM.0000194540.44020.8E, 16374174.
    • (2006) Crit Care Med , vol.34 , pp. 196-202
    • Kahn, J.M.1    Caldwell, E.C.2    Deem, S.3    Newell, D.W.4    Heckbert, S.R.5    Rubenfeld, G.D.6
  • 58
    • 0343893748 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Ventilation with lower tidal volumes as compared with traditional tidal volumes for acute lung injury and the acute respiratory distress syndrome. The Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome Network
    • The Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome N
    • The Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome N Ventilation with lower tidal volumes as compared with traditional tidal volumes for acute lung injury and the acute respiratory distress syndrome. The Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome Network. N Engl J Med 2000, 342:1301-1308. The Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome N.
    • (2000) N Engl J Med , vol.342 , pp. 1301-1308


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.