Rooftop temperature reduction from unirrigated modular green roofs in south-central Texas

Urban Forestry and Urban Greening

Volumn 12, Issue 1, 2013, Pages 28-35

  Dvorak, Bruce ^a   Volder, A ^a  

^a TEXAS A AND M UNIVERSITY   (United States)

Author keywords

Cooling; Irrigation; Moisture; Urban heat island

Indexed keywords

AIR TEMPERATURE; COOLING; GREENSPACE; HEAT ISLAND; IRRIGATION SYSTEM; MOISTURE; MONOCULTURE; ROOF; SHRUB; SOIL SURFACE; SOIL WATER; SUMMER; SURFACE TEMPERATURE; TEMPERATURE PROFILE;

TEXAS; UNITED STATES;

CRASSULACEAE; DELOSPERMA COOPERI; PHEDIMUS KAMTSCHATICUS; PHEMERANTHUS; TALINUM CALYCINUM;

EID: 84873150307     PISSN: 16188667     EISSN: 16108167     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.ufug.2012.05.004     Document Type: Article

References (71)

1. Aitkenhead-Peterson J., Dvorak B., Volder A., Stanley N. Chemistry of growth medium and leachate from green roof systems in south-central Texas. Urban Ecosystems 2010, 14(1):1-17.
2. Akbari H. Energy saving potentials and air quality benefits of urban heat island mitigation. Proceedings of the First International Conference on Passive and Low Energy Cooling for the Built Environment 2005.
3. Akbari H., Pomerantz M., Taha H. Cool surfaces and shade trees to reduce energy use and improve air quality in urban areas. Solar Energy 2001, 70:295-310.
4. ASTM E 2400 Standard Guide for Selection, Installation, and Maintenance of Plants for Green Roof Systems 2006, ASTM International, West Conshohochen, PA, p. 4
5. Ayata T., Tabares-Velasco P.C., Srebric J. An investigation of sensible heat fluxes at a green roof in a laboratory setup. Building and Environment 2011, 46:1851-1861.
6. Bowler D.E., Buyung-Ali L., Knight T.M., Pullin A.S. Urban greening to cool towns and cities: a systematic review of the empirical evidence. Landscape and Urban Planning 2010, 97:147-155.
7. Cantor S. Green Roofs in Sustainable Landscape Design 2008, Norton, New York, NY.
8. Carter T., Jackson C.R. Vegetated roofs for stormwater management at multiple spatial scales. Landscape and Urban Planning 2007, 80:84-94.
9. Carter T.L., Rasmussen T.C. Hydrologic behavior of vegetated roofs. Journal of the American Water Resources Association 2006, 45:1261-1274.
10. Christain J.E., Petrie T.W. Sustainable Roofs with Real Energy Savings 1996, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN, 83-101.
11. Connelly M., Liu K. Green roof research in British Columbia-an overview. The Third Annual Greening Rooftops for Sustainable Communities Conference 2005, 17. The Cardinal Group, Washington, DC.
12. Croce S., De Angelis E., Tiso A. Service life prediction of flat roofs with polymer modified bituminous waterproofing membranes. Proceedings of the Eighth International Conference on Durability of Building Materials and Components 1999, 1103-1113. NRC Research Press, Vancouver, Canada.
13. Dunnett N., Kingsbury N. Planting options for extensive and semi-extensive green roofs. The Second Annual Greening Rooftops for Sustainable Communities Conference 2004, 16. The Cardinal Group, Portland, OR.
14. Durhman A.K., Rowe D.B., Rugh C.L. Effect of watering regimen on chlorophyll fluorescence and growth of selected green roof plant taxa. HortScience 2006, 41:1623-1628.
15. Dvorak B. Comparative analysis of green roof guidelines and standards in Europe and North America. Journal of Green Building 2011, 6:170-191.
16. Dvorak B., Volder A. Green roof vegetation for North American ecoregions: a literature review. Landscape and Urban Planning 2010, 96:197-213.
17. Earth Pledge Green Roofs Ecological Design and Construction 2005, Schiffer Books, Atglen, PA.
18. EPA Reducing urban heat islands: compendium of strategies - green roofs 2008, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, EPA, Washington, DC. 2009 ed.
19. EPA Green Building Attic & Roof 2010, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency.
20. Feng C., Meng Q.L., Zhang Y.F. Theoretical and experimental analysis of the energy balance of extensive green roofs. Energy and Buildings 2010, 42:959-965.
21. FLL Guidelines for the Planning, Construction and Maintenance of Green Roofing 2008, Forschungsgesellschaft Landschaftsentwicklung Landschaftsbau e.V., Bonn, Germany, p. 119. English ed.
22. Gaffin S., Rosenzweig C., Parshall L., Beattie D., Berghage R., O'Keeffe G., Braman D. Energy balance modeling applied to a comparison of white and green roof cooling efficiency. The Third Annual Greening Rooftops for Sustainable Communities Conference 2005, 583-597. The Cardinal Group, Washington, DC.
23. Getter K.L., Rowe D.B., Andresen J.A., Wichman I.S. Seasonal heat flux properties of an extensive green roof in a midwestern U.S. climate. Energy and Buildings 2011, 43:3548-3557.
24. Getter K.L., Rowe D.B., Robertson G.P., Cregg B.M., Andresen J.A. Carbon sequestration potential of extensive green roofs. Environmental Science & Technology 2009, 43:7564-7570.
25. Green Roofs for Healthy Cities Green Roof Industry Grows 16.1 Per cent in 2009 Despite Economic Downturn 2010, Green Roofs for Healthy Cities.
26. Hutson S.S., Barber L.N., Kenny F.J., Linsey S.K., Lumia S.D., Maupin A.M. Estimated Use of Water in the United States in 2000 2004, U.S. Geological Survey, Reston, VA, p. 52.
27. Keeley M. Green roof incentives: tried and true techniques from Europe. The Second Annual Greening Rooftops for Sustainable Communities Conference 2004, 14. The Cardinal Group, Portland, OR.
28. Köehler M. Long-term vegetation research on two extensive green roofs in Berlin. Urban Habitats 2007, 4:3-26.
29. Köehler M., Schmidt M., Grimme F.W., Laar M., Vera L.d., Paiva A., Tavares S. Green roofs in temperate climates and in the hot-humid tropics - far beyond the aesthetics. Environmental Management and Health 2002, 13:10.
30. Köehler M., Wiartalla W., Feige R. Interaction between PV-systems and extensive green roofs. The Fifth Greening Rooftops for Sustainable Communities Conference 2007, 16. The Cardinal Group, Toronto/Minneapolis, MN.
31. Köhler M., Schmidt M., Laar M. Green roofs as a contribution to reduce urban heat islands. RIO 3 - World Climate & Energy Event 2003, 493-498.
32. Liu K., Baskaran B. Thermal performance of green roofs through field evaluation. The First North American Green Roof Infrastructure Conference: Greening Rooftops for Sustainable Communities 2003, 273-282. The Cardinal Group, Chicago, IL.
33. Liu K., Bass B. Performance of green roof systems. Cool Roofing Symposium 2005.
34. Liu K.K.Y. Energy Efficiency and Environmental Benefits of Rooftop Gardens, Construction Canada 2002, National Reserach Council Canada, Ottawa, pp. 20-23.
35. Lo C.P., Quattrochi D.A., Luvall J.C. Application of high-resolution thermal infrared remote sensing and GIS to assess the urban heat island effect. International Journal of Remote Sensing 1997, 18:287-304.
36. Lundholm J., MacIvor J.S., MacDougall Z., Ranalli M. Plant species and functional group combinations affect green roof ecosystem functions. PLoS ONE 2010, 5:11.
37. MacIvor J.S., Lundholm J. Performance evaluation of native plants suited to extensive green roof conditions in a maritime climate. Ecological Engineering 2011, 37:407-417.
38. Monterusso M.A., Rowe B.D., Rugh C.L. Establishment and persistence of sedum spp. and native taxa for green roof applications. HortScience 2005, 40:391-396.
39. Nakayama T., Fujita T. Cooling effect of water-holding pavements made of new materials on water and heat budgets in urban areas. Landscape and Urban Planning 2010, 96:57-67.
40. Nardini A., Andri S., Crasso M. Influence of substrate depth and vegetation type on temperature and water runoff mitigation by extensive green roofs: shrubs versus herbaceous plants. Urban Ecosystems 2011, 46:1851-1861.
41. Nielsen-Gammon J., McRoberts B. Easterwood Field College Station, Texas Monthly Summary for August 2010 2010, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX.
42. Nielsen-Gammon J., McRoberts B. Easterwood Field College Station, Texas Monthly Summary for July 2010 2010, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX.
43. Nielsen-Gammon J., McRoberts B. Easterwood Field College Station, Texas Monthly Summary for June 2010 2010, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX.
44. Nielsen-Gammon J., McRoberts B. Easterwood Field College Station, Texas Monthly Summary for May 2010 2010, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX.
45. NOAA Preliminary Local Climatological Data 2010, NOAA National Weather Service, Silver Spring, MD.
46. Nobel P.S. Achievable productivities of certain CAM plants: basis for high values compared with c3 and c4 plants. New Phytologist 1991, 119:183-205.
47. Oberndorfer E., Lundholm J., Bass B., Coffman R., Doshi H., Dunnett N., Gaffin S., Köhler M., Lui K., Rowe B. Green roofs as urban ecosystems: ecological structures, functions, and services. Bioscience 2007, 57:823-833.
48. Osmundson T. Roof Gardens - History, Design and Construction 1999, W.W. Norton & Company, Inc., New York, NY.
49. Peck S., Richie J. Green Roofs and the Urban Heat Island Effect, Buildings 2009, Stamats Communications Inc., Springdale, AR, p. 4.
50. Pittman R., Hunt J., Herring J., Meadows W., Weir T., Guerra D., Ward J., Mullican W., Brittin C. Water for Texas 2007 2007, Texas Water Development Board, Austin, TX, p. 44.
51. 2 Emissions and Energy Demand in Cities 2008, ASCE, Seattle, WA, p. 13. 41009 ed. N. She, M. Clar (Eds.).
52. Rowe D.B. Green roofs as a means of pollution abatement. Environmental Pollution 2011, 159:2100-2110.
53. Rowe D.B., Getter K.L., Durhman A.K. Effect of green roof media depth on crassulacean plant succession over seven years. Landscape and Urban Planning 2012, 104(3-4):310-319.
54. Sailor D.J., Elley T.B., Gibson M. Exploring the building energy impacts of green roof design decisions - a modeling study of buildings in four distinct climates. Journal of Building Physics 2012, 35:372-391.
55. Sailor D.J., Hutchinson D., Bokovoy L. Thermal property measurements for ecoroof soils common in the western U.S. Energy and Buildings 2008, 40:1246-1251.
56. Simmons M., Gardiner B., Windhager S., Tinsley J. Green roofs are not created equal: the hydrologic and thermal performance of six different extensive green roofs and reflective and non-reflective roofs in a sub-tropical climate. Urban Ecosystems 2008, 11:339-348.
57. Snodgrass E., Snodgrass L. Green Roof Plants 2006, Timber Press, Portland, OR.
58. Sonne J. Energy performance aspects of a Florida green roof. 15th Annual Symposium on Improving Building Energy Systems Efficiency in Hot and Humid Climates 2006, 7. Energy Systems Laboratory, Orlando, FL.
59. Sonne J. Evaluating green roof energy performance. ASHRAE Journal 2006, 48:59-61.
60. Streutker D.R. Satellite-measured growth of the urban heat island of Houston, Texas. Remote Sensing of Environment 2003, 85:282-289.
61. Sutton R.K. Media modifications for native plant assemblages on green roofs. The Sixth Annual International Rooftops for sustainable Communities Conference 2008, 13. The Cardinal Group, Baltimore, MD.
62. Tabares-Velasco P.C., Srebric J. Heat fluxes and water managment of a green and brown roof lab. The Seventh Annual Greening Rooftops for Sustainable Communities Conference 2009, 12. The Cardinal Group, Toronto/Atlanta, GA.
63. Tabares-Velasco P.C., Srebric J. A heat transfer model for assessment of plant based roofing systems in summer conditions. Building and Environment 2012, 49:310-323.
64. Takakura T., Kitade S., Goto E. Cooling effect of greenery cover over a building. Energy and Buildings 2000, 31:1-6.
65. Takebayashi H., Moriyama M. Surface heat budget on green roof and high reflection roof for mitigation of urban heat island. Building and Environment 2007, 42:2971-2979.
66. Tiso A., Pasetto G., Favaro M., Satta G., Croce S., Deangelis E. Evaluation of polymer modified bituminous membrane durability by dynamic mechanical analysis. 10th International Congress of the International Waterproofing Association 1998, 310-324. International Waterproofing Association.
67. VanWoert N.D., Rowe B.D., Andresen J.A., Rugh C.L., Fernandez T.R., Xiao L. Green roof stormwater retention: effects of roof surface, slope, and media depth. Journal of Environmental Quality 2005, 34:1036-1044.
68. Velazquez L. The 2008 top 10 hot trends in greenroof design. Greening Rooftops for Sustainable Communities Conference, Awards, & Trade Show 2008, 51. Green Roofs for Healthy Cities, Baltimore, MD. T. Cardinal Group (Ed.).
69. Weeks K.N. The old and the nueva: a study of green roofs thermal performance. The Sixth Annual International Rooftops for Sustainable Communities Conference 2008, 25. The Cardinal Group, Baltimore, MD.
70. Wolf D., Lundholm J.T. Water uptake in green roof microcosms: effects of plant species and water availability. Ecological Engineering 2008, 33:179-186.
71. Wong N.H., Chen Y., Ong C.L., Sia A. Investigation of thermal benefits of rooftop garden in the tropical environment. Building and Environment 2003, 38:261-270.