메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 10, Issue 1, 2013, Pages 97-105

Treatment of Acute Relapses in Multiple Sclerosis

Author keywords

ACTH; Algorithm; Corticosteroids; Plasmapheresis; Relapse

Indexed keywords

CORTICOSTEROID; CORTICOTROPIN; CYCLOPHOSPHAMIDE; DEXAMETHASONE; IMMUNOGLOBULIN G; MELANOCORTIN; MELANOCORTIN 1 RECEPTOR; MELANOCORTIN 2 RECEPTOR; MELANOCORTIN 3 RECEPTOR; MELANOCORTIN 4 RECEPTOR; MELANOCORTIN 5 RECEPTOR; METHYLPREDNISOLONE; NATALIZUMAB; PREDNISONE;

EID: 84873138150     PISSN: 19337213     EISSN: 18787479     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1007/s13311-012-0160-7     Document Type: Review
Times cited : (94)

References (63)
  • 1
    • 0344738667 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effect of relapses on development of residual deficit in multiple sclerosis
    • Lublin FD, Baier M, Cutter G. Effect of relapses on development of residual deficit in multiple sclerosis. Neurology 2003; 61: 1528-1532.
    • (2003) Neurology , vol.61 , pp. 1528-1532
    • Lublin, F.D.1    Baier, M.2    Cutter, G.3
  • 2
    • 34848825438 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Corticosteroids for multiple sclerosis: I. Application for treating exacerbations
    • Frohman EM, Shah A, Eggenberger E, et al. Corticosteroids for multiple sclerosis: I. Application for treating exacerbations. Neurotherapeutics 2007; 4: 618-626.
    • (2007) Neurotherapeutics , vol.4 , pp. 618-626
    • Frohman, E.M.1    Shah, A.2    Eggenberger, E.3
  • 3
    • 79952838360 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Treatment of multiple sclerosis exacerbations
    • Repovic P, Lublin FD. Treatment of multiple sclerosis exacerbations. Neurol Clin 2011; 29: 389-400.
    • (2011) Neurol Clin , vol.29 , pp. 389-400
    • Repovic, P.1    Lublin, F.D.2
  • 7
    • 0000723768 scopus 로고
    • Multiple sclerosis. Treatment of acute exacerbations with corticotrophin (ACTH)
    • Miller H, Newell DJ, Ridley A. Multiple sclerosis. Treatment of acute exacerbations with corticotrophin (ACTH). Lancet 1961; 11: 1120-1122.
    • (1961) Lancet , vol.11 , pp. 1120-1122
    • Miller, H.1    Newell, D.J.2    Ridley, A.3
  • 8
    • 1842345540 scopus 로고
    • Fog T. Nord. Med 1951; 46: 1742.
    • (1951) Nord. Med , vol.46 , pp. 1742
    • Fog, T.1
  • 10
    • 73649197499 scopus 로고
    • The present status of ACTH therapy in multiple sclerosis
    • Alexander L, Cass LJ. The present status of ACTH therapy in multiple sclerosis. Ann Intern Med 1963: 58: 454-471.
    • (1963) Ann Intern Med , vol.58 , pp. 454-471
    • Alexander, L.1    Cass, L.J.2
  • 11
    • 0014217887 scopus 로고
    • Long-term treatment of multiple sclerosis with corticotrophin
    • Millar JHD, Belf MD, Vas CJ, et al. Long-term treatment of multiple sclerosis with corticotrophin. The Lancet 1967; 7513: 429-431.
    • (1967) The Lancet , vol.7513 , pp. 429-431
    • Millar, J.H.D.1    Belf, M.D.2    Vas, C.J.3
  • 13
    • 0014635828 scopus 로고
    • Cooperative study in the evaluation of therapy in multiple sclerosis: ACTH vs placebo in acute exacerbation
    • Rose AS, Kuzma JW, Kurtzke JF, Sibley WA, Tourtellotte WW. Cooperative study in the evaluation of therapy in multiple sclerosis: ACTH vs placebo in acute exacerbation. Trans Am Neurol Assoc 1969; 94: 126-133.
    • (1969) Trans Am Neurol Assoc , vol.94 , pp. 126-133
    • Rose, A.S.1    Kuzma, J.W.2    Kurtzke, J.F.3    Sibley, W.A.4    Tourtellotte, W.W.5
  • 14
    • 0014781373 scopus 로고
    • Cooperative study in the evaluation of therapy in multiple sclerosis: ACTH vs. placebo - final report
    • Rose AS, Kuzma JW, Kurtzke JF, Namerow NS, Sibley WA, Tourtellotte WW. Cooperative study in the evaluation of therapy in multiple sclerosis: ACTH vs. placebo - final report. Neurology 1970; 20: 1-59.
    • (1970) Neurology , vol.20 , pp. 1-59
    • Rose, A.S.1    Kuzma, J.W.2    Kurtzke, J.F.3    Namerow, N.S.4    Sibley, W.A.5    Tourtellotte, W.W.6
  • 15
    • 84873169627 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Questcor Pharmaceuticals, Inc. H. P. Acthar® Gel (repository corticotrophin injection) [prescribing information]. Hayward, CA: Questcor Pharmaceuticals, Inc.; June 2011
    • Questcor Pharmaceuticals, Inc. H. P. Acthar® Gel (repository corticotrophin injection) [prescribing information]. Hayward, CA: Questcor Pharmaceuticals, Inc.; June 2011.
  • 16
    • 0023619372 scopus 로고
    • Bed rest and ACTH in the treatment of exacerbations in multiple sclerosis patients
    • Hoogstraten MC, Cats A, Minderhoud JM. Bed rest and ACTH in the treatment of exacerbations in multiple sclerosis patients. Acta Neurol Scand 1987; 76: 346-350.
    • (1987) Acta Neurol Scand , vol.76 , pp. 346-350
    • Hoogstraten, M.C.1    Cats, A.2    Minderhoud, J.M.3
  • 17
    • 0025081943 scopus 로고
    • Long-term effect of ACTH treatment of relapse in multiple sclerosis
    • Hoogstraten MC, Minderhoud JM. Long-term effect of ACTH treatment of relapse in multiple sclerosis. Acta Neurol Scand 1990; 82: 74-77.
    • (1990) Acta Neurol Scand , vol.82 , pp. 74-77
    • Hoogstraten, M.C.1    Minderhoud, J.M.2
  • 18
    • 0033838819 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A meta-analysis of methylprednisolone in recovery from multiple sclerosis exacerbations
    • Miller DM, Weinstock-Guttman B, Bethoux F, et al. A meta-analysis of methylprednisolone in recovery from multiple sclerosis exacerbations. Mult Scler 2000; 6: 267-273.
    • (2000) Mult Scler , vol.6 , pp. 267-273
    • Miller, D.M.1    Weinstock-Guttman, B.2    Bethoux, F.3
  • 19
    • 0020516125 scopus 로고
    • Bolus methylprednisolone versus ACTH in the treatment of multiple sclerosis
    • Abbruzzese G, Gandolfo C, Loeb C. "Bolus" methylprednisolone versus ACTH in the treatment of multiple sclerosis. Ital J Neurol Sci 1983; 2: 169-172.
    • (1983) Ital J Neurol Sci , vol.2 , pp. 169-172
    • Abbruzzese, G.1    Gandolfo, C.2    Loeb, C.3
  • 20
    • 0021878397 scopus 로고
    • Intravenous methylprednisolone for multiple sclerosis in relapse
    • Barnes M, Bateman D, Cleland P, et al. Intravenous methylprednisolone for multiple sclerosis in relapse. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 1985; 48: 157-159.
    • (1985) J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry , vol.48 , pp. 157-159
    • Barnes, M.1    Bateman, D.2    Cleland, P.3
  • 21
    • 0024507798 scopus 로고
    • Double-blind randomized trial of ACTH versus dexamethasone versus methylprednisolone in multiple sclerosis bouts. Clinical, cerebrospinal fluid and neurophysiological results
    • Milanese C, La Mantia L, Salmaggi A, et al. Double-blind randomized trial of ACTH versus dexamethasone versus methylprednisolone in multiple sclerosis bouts. Clinical, cerebrospinal fluid and neurophysiological results. Eur Neurol 1989; 29: 10-14.
    • (1989) Eur Neurol , vol.29 , pp. 10-14
    • Milanese, C.1    La Mantia, L.2    Salmaggi, A.3
  • 22
    • 0024361063 scopus 로고
    • Relative efficacy of intravenous methylprednisolone and ACTH in the treatment of acute relapse in MS
    • Thompson AJ, Kennard C, Swash M, et al. Relative efficacy of intravenous methylprednisolone and ACTH in the treatment of acute relapse in MS. Neurology 1989; 39: 969-971.
    • (1989) Neurology , vol.39 , pp. 969-971
    • Thompson, A.J.1    Kennard, C.2    Swash, M.3
  • 23
    • 0022633684 scopus 로고
    • High-dose intravenous methylprednisolone in the treatment of multiple sclerosis: clinical-immunologic correlations
    • Durelli L, Cocito D, Riccio A, et al. High-dose intravenous methylprednisolone in the treatment of multiple sclerosis: clinical-immunologic correlations. Neurology 1986; 36: 238-243.
    • (1986) Neurology , vol.36 , pp. 238-243
    • Durelli, L.1    Cocito, D.2    Riccio, A.3
  • 24
    • 0023194967 scopus 로고
    • A double-blind controlled trial of high dose methylprednisolone in patients with multiple sclerosis: 1. clinical effects
    • Milligan NM, Newcombe R, Compston DA. A double-blind controlled trial of high dose methylprednisolone in patients with multiple sclerosis: 1. clinical effects. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 1987; 50: 511-516.
    • (1987) J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry , vol.50 , pp. 511-516
    • Milligan, N.M.1    Newcombe, R.2    Compston, D.A.3
  • 25
    • 0026586019 scopus 로고
    • A randomized, controlled trial of corticosteroids in the treatment of acute optic neuritis
    • Beck RW, Cleary PA, Anderson MM, et al. A randomized, controlled trial of corticosteroids in the treatment of acute optic neuritis. N Engl J Med 1992; 9: 581-588.
    • (1992) N Engl J Med , vol.9 , pp. 581-588
    • Beck, R.W.1    Cleary, P.A.2    Anderson, M.M.3
  • 26
    • 0344352481 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled study of oral, high-dose methylprednisolone in attacks of MS
    • Sellebjerg F, Frederiksen JL, Nielsen PM, Olesen J. Double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled study of oral, high-dose methylprednisolone in attacks of MS. Neurology 1998; 51: 529-534.
    • (1998) Neurology , vol.51 , pp. 529-534
    • Sellebjerg, F.1    Frederiksen, J.L.2    Nielsen, P.M.3    Olesen, J.4
  • 27
    • 0030995211 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Randomised trial of oral and intravenous methylprednisolone in acute relapses of multiple sclerosis
    • Barnes D, Hughes RAC, Morris RW, et al. Randomised trial of oral and intravenous methylprednisolone in acute relapses of multiple sclerosis. Lancet 1997; 349: 902-906.
    • (1997) Lancet , vol.349 , pp. 902-906
    • Barnes, D.1    Hughes, R.A.C.2    Morris, R.W.3
  • 28
    • 73349112230 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A short-term randomized MRI study of high-dose oral vs intravenous methylprednisolone in MS
    • Martinelli V, Rocca MA, Annovazzi P, et al. A short-term randomized MRI study of high-dose oral vs intravenous methylprednisolone in MS. Neurology 2009; 73: 1842-1848.
    • (2009) Neurology , vol.73 , pp. 1842-1848
    • Martinelli, V.1    Rocca, M.A.2    Annovazzi, P.3
  • 29
    • 3142623083 scopus 로고
    • Complications of corticotropin therapy in multiple sclerosis
    • Cass LJ, Alexander L, Enders M. Complications of corticotropin therapy in multiple sclerosis. JAMA 1966; 197: 173-178.
    • (1966) Jama , vol.197 , pp. 173-178
    • Cass, L.J.1    Alexander, L.2    Enders, M.3
  • 30
    • 0025101215 scopus 로고
    • Glucocorticoid-induced osteoporosis: pathogenesis and management
    • Lukert BP, Raisz LG. Glucocorticoid-induced osteoporosis: pathogenesis and management. Ann Intern Med 1990; 112: 352-364.
    • (1990) Ann Intern Med , vol.112 , pp. 352-364
    • Lukert, B.P.1    Raisz, L.G.2
  • 31
    • 0029791796 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Sporadic corticosteroid pulses and osteoporosis in multiple sclerosis
    • Schwid SR, Goodman AD, Puzas JE, et al. Sporadic corticosteroid pulses and osteoporosis in multiple sclerosis. Arch Neurol 1996; 8: 753-757.
    • (1996) Arch Neurol , vol.8 , pp. 753-757
    • Schwid, S.R.1    Goodman, A.D.2    Puzas, J.E.3
  • 32
    • 21844463094 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Long-term effects of intravenous high dose methylprednisolone pulses on bone mineral density in patients with multiple sclerosis
    • Zorzon M, Zivadinov R, Locatelli L, et al. Long-term effects of intravenous high dose methylprednisolone pulses on bone mineral density in patients with multiple sclerosis. Eur J Neurol 2005; 7: 550-556.
    • (2005) Eur J Neurol , vol.7 , pp. 550-556
    • Zorzon, M.1    Zivadinov, R.2    Locatelli, L.3
  • 33
    • 0024358232 scopus 로고
    • Aseptic necrosis and glucocorticois in systemic lupus erythematosus: a reevaluation
    • Weiner ES, Abeles M. Aseptic necrosis and glucocorticois in systemic lupus erythematosus: a reevaluation. J Rheumatol 1989; 16: 604-608.
    • (1989) J Rheumatol , vol.16 , pp. 604-608
    • Weiner, E.S.1    Abeles, M.2
  • 34
    • 34748851240 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Corticosteroid-induced adverse events in adults: frequency, screening and prevention
    • Fardet L, Kassar A, Cabane J, et al. Corticosteroid-induced adverse events in adults: frequency, screening and prevention. Drug Saf 2007; 30: 861-881.
    • (2007) Drug Saf , vol.30 , pp. 861-881
    • Fardet, L.1    Kassar, A.2    Cabane, J.3
  • 35
    • 0028082371 scopus 로고
    • Glucocorticoids and the risk for initiation of hypoglycemic therapy
    • Gurwitz JH, Bohn RL, Glynn RJ, et al. Glucocorticoids and the risk for initiation of hypoglycemic therapy. Arch Intern Med 1994; 154: 97-101.
    • (1994) Arch Intern Med , vol.154 , pp. 97-101
    • Gurwitz, J.H.1    Bohn, R.L.2    Glynn, R.J.3
  • 36
    • 14644418993 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Short-term tolerance of pulse methylprednisolone therapy in patients with diabeles mellitus
    • Feldman-Billard S, Lissak B, Kassaei R, et al. Short-term tolerance of pulse methylprednisolone therapy in patients with diabeles mellitus. Ophthalmology 2005; 112: 511-515.
    • (2005) Ophthalmology , vol.112 , pp. 511-515
    • Feldman-Billard, S.1    Lissak, B.2    Kassaei, R.3
  • 37
    • 79952959947 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Treatment of nephrotic syndrome with adrenocorticotropic horone (ACTH) gel
    • Bomback AS, Tumlin JA, Baranski J, et al. Treatment of nephrotic syndrome with adrenocorticotropic horone (ACTH) gel. Drug Des Devel Ther 2011; 5: 147-153.
    • (2011) Drug Des Devel Ther , vol.5 , pp. 147-153
    • Bomback, A.S.1    Tumlin, J.A.2    Baranski, J.3
  • 38
  • 39
    • 80054820904 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Treatment of infantile spasms: emerging insights from clinical and basic science perspectives
    • Stafstrom CE, Arnason BG, Baram TZ, et al. Treatment of infantile spasms: emerging insights from clinical and basic science perspectives. J Child Neurol 2011; 11: 1411-1421.
    • (2011) J Child Neurol , vol.11 , pp. 1411-1421
    • Stafstrom, C.E.1    Arnason, B.G.2    Baram, T.Z.3
  • 40
    • 1542347163 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Targeting melanocortin receptors as a novel strategy to control inflammation
    • Catania A, Gatti S, Colombo G, Lipton JM. Targeting melanocortin receptors as a novel strategy to control inflammation. Pharmacol Rev 2004; 56: 1-29.
    • (2004) Pharmacol Rev , vol.56 , pp. 1-29
    • Catania, A.1    Gatti, S.2    Colombo, G.3    Lipton, J.M.4
  • 41
    • 45849102029 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Neuroprotective actions of melanocortins: a therapeutic opportunity
    • Catania A. Neuroprotective actions of melanocortins: a therapeutic opportunity. Trends Neurosci 2008; 31: 353-360.
    • (2008) Trends Neurosci , vol.31 , pp. 353-360
    • Catania, A.1
  • 43
    • 0024414713 scopus 로고
    • Corticotropin is superior to corticosteroids in the treatment of MS
    • Poser CM. Corticotropin is superior to corticosteroids in the treatment of MS. Arch Neurol 1989; 46: 946.
    • (1989) Arch Neurol , vol.46 , pp. 946
    • Poser, C.M.1
  • 45
    • 77952740155 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • ACTH protects against glucocorticoid-induced osteonecrosis of bone
    • Zaidi M, Sun L, Robinson LJ, et al. ACTH protects against glucocorticoid-induced osteonecrosis of bone. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 2010; 107: 8782-8787.
    • (2010) Proc Natl Acad Sci USA , vol.107 , pp. 8782-8787
    • Zaidi, M.1    Sun, L.2    Robinson, L.J.3
  • 46
    • 79960087488 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Clinical practice. Glucocorticoid-induced bone disease
    • Weinstein RS. Clinical practice. Glucocorticoid-induced bone disease. N Engl J Med 2011; 365: 62-70.
    • (2011) N Engl J Med , vol.365 , pp. 62-70
    • Weinstein, R.S.1
  • 47
    • 84873107431 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Autoimmune Comorbid Conditions in Multiple Sclerosis
    • Berkovich R, Subhani D, Steinman L. Autoimmune Comorbid Conditions in Multiple Sclerosis. US Neurol 2011; 7: 132-138.
    • (2011) US Neurol , vol.7 , pp. 132-138
    • Berkovich, R.1    Subhani, D.2    Steinman, L.3
  • 48
    • 0024436219 scopus 로고
    • Double-blind study of true vs. sham plasma exchange in patients treated with immunosupression for acute attacks of multiple sclerosis
    • Weiner HL, Dau PC, Khatri BO, et al. Double-blind study of true vs. sham plasma exchange in patients treated with immunosupression for acute attacks of multiple sclerosis. Neurology 1989; 38: 1143-1149.
    • (1989) Neurology , vol.38 , pp. 1143-1149
    • Weiner, H.L.1    Dau, P.C.2    Khatri, B.O.3
  • 49
    • 0032758846 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A randomized trial of plasma exchange in acute central nervous system inflammatory demyelinating disease
    • Weinshenker BG, O'Brien PC, Petterson TM, et al. A randomized trial of plasma exchange in acute central nervous system inflammatory demyelinating disease. Ann Neurol 1999; 46: 878-886.
    • (1999) Ann Neurol , vol.46 , pp. 878-886
    • Weinshenker, B.G.1    O'Brien, P.C.2    Petterson, T.M.3
  • 50
    • 0037039226 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Plasma exchange for severe attacks of CNS demyelination: predictors of response
    • Keegan M, Pineda AA, McClelland RL, et al. Plasma exchange for severe attacks of CNS demyelination: predictors of response. Neurology 2002; 58: 143-146.
    • (2002) Neurology , vol.58 , pp. 143-146
    • Keegan, M.1    Pineda, A.A.2    McClelland, R.L.3
  • 51
    • 23744454283 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Relation between humoral pathological changes in multiple sclerosis and response to therapeutic plasma exchange
    • Keegan M, Konig F, Mcclelland R, et al. Relation between humoral pathological changes in multiple sclerosis and response to therapeutic plasma exchange. Lancet 2005; 366: 579-582.
    • (2005) Lancet , vol.366 , pp. 579-582
    • Keegan, M.1    Konig, F.2    Mcclelland, R.3
  • 52
    • 20144387997 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Controlled clinical trial of IV cyclophosphamide versus IV methylprednisolone in severe neurological manifestations in systemic lupus erythematosus
    • Barile-Fabris L, Ariza-Andraca R, Olguín-Ortega L, et al. Controlled clinical trial of IV cyclophosphamide versus IV methylprednisolone in severe neurological manifestations in systemic lupus erythematosus. Ann Rheum Dis 2005; 64: 620-625.
    • (2005) Ann Rheum Dis , vol.64 , pp. 620-625
    • Barile-Fabris, L.1    Ariza-Andraca, R.2    Olguín-Ortega, L.3
  • 53
    • 34248222650 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Idiopathic transverse myelitis: corticosteroids, plasma exchange, or cyclophosphamide
    • Greenberg BM, Thomas KP, Krishnan C, et al. Idiopathic transverse myelitis: corticosteroids, plasma exchange, or cyclophosphamide. Neurology 2007; 68: 1614-1617.
    • (2007) Neurology , vol.68 , pp. 1614-1617
    • Greenberg, B.M.1    Thomas, K.P.2    Krishnan, C.3
  • 54
    • 0035849518 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A randomized trial of intravenous immunoglobulin in inflammatory demyelinating optic neuritis
    • Noseworthy JH, O'Brien PC, Petterson TM, et al. A randomized trial of intravenous immunoglobulin in inflammatory demyelinating optic neuritis. Neurology 2001; 56: 1514-1522.
    • (2001) Neurology , vol.56 , pp. 1514-1522
    • Noseworthy, J.H.1    O'Brien, P.C.2    Petterson, T.M.3
  • 55
    • 53549104740 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Treatment of corticosteroid refractory optic neuritis in multiple sclerosis patients with intravenous immunoglobulin
    • Tselis A, Perumal J, Caon C, et al. Treatment of corticosteroid refractory optic neuritis in multiple sclerosis patients with intravenous immunoglobulin. Eur J Neurol 2008; 15: 1163-1167.
    • (2008) Eur J Neurol , vol.15 , pp. 1163-1167
    • Tselis, A.1    Perumal, J.2    Caon, C.3
  • 56
    • 0347337774 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A randomized, double-blind, placebocontrolled pilot study of i.v. immune globulins in combination with i.v. methylprednisolone in the treatment of relapses in patients with MS
    • Visser LH, Beekman R, Tijssen CC, et al. A randomized, double-blind, placebocontrolled pilot study of i. v. immune globulins in combination with i. v. methylprednisolone in the treatment of relapses in patients with MS. Mult Scler 2004; 10: 89-91.
    • (2004) Mult Scler , vol.10 , pp. 89-91
    • Visser, L.H.1    Beekman, R.2    Tijssen, C.C.3
  • 57
    • 10444221955 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • IV immunoglobulins as add-on treatment to methylprednisolone for acute relapses in MS
    • Sorensen PS, Haas J, Sellebjerg F, et al. IV immunoglobulins as add-on treatment to methylprednisolone for acute relapses in MS. Neurology 2004; 63: 2028-2033.
    • (2004) Neurology , vol.63 , pp. 2028-2033
    • Sorensen, P.S.1    Haas, J.2    Sellebjerg, F.3
  • 58
    • 14644430331 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A double-blind, randomized trial of IV immunoglobulin treatment in acute optic neuritis
    • Roed HG, Langkilde A, Sellebjerg F, et al. A double-blind, randomized trial of IV immunoglobulin treatment in acute optic neuritis. Neurology 2005; 64: 804-810.
    • (2005) Neurology , vol.64 , pp. 804-810
    • Roed, H.G.1    Langkilde, A.2    Sellebjerg, F.3
  • 59
    • 2942589194 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Randomized multicenter trial of natalizumab in acute MS relapses: clinical and MRI effects
    • O'Connor PW, Goodman A, Willmer-Hulme AJ, et al. Randomized multicenter trial of natalizumab in acute MS relapses: clinical and MRI effects. Neurology 2004; 62: 2038-2043.
    • (2004) Neurology , vol.62 , pp. 2038-2043
    • O'Connor, P.W.1    Goodman, A.2    Willmer-Hulme, A.J.3
  • 60
    • 78751617857 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Evidence-based guideline update: plasmapheresis in neurologis disorders: report of the therapeutics and technology assessment subcommittee of the Americal Academy of Neurology
    • Cortese V, Chaudhry YT, So F, et al. Evidence-based guideline update: plasmapheresis in neurologis disorders: report of the therapeutics and technology assessment subcommittee of the Americal Academy of Neurology. Neurology 2011; 76: 294-300.
    • (2011) Neurology , vol.76 , pp. 294-300
    • Cortese, V.1    Chaudhry, Y.T.2    So, F.3
  • 61
    • 44949250698 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Oral prednisone taper following intravenous steroids fails to improve disability or recovery from relapses in multiple sclerosis
    • Perumal JS, Caon C, Hreha S, et al. Oral prednisone taper following intravenous steroids fails to improve disability or recovery from relapses in multiple sclerosis. Eur J Neurol 2008; 7: 677-680.
    • (2008) Eur J Neurol , vol.7 , pp. 677-680
    • Perumal, J.S.1    Caon, C.2    Hreha, S.3
  • 62
    • 64749115455 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Bio-equivalence of intramuscular and subcutaneous H.P. Acthar Gel
    • Brod SA, Morales MM. Bio-equivalence of intramuscular and subcutaneous H. P. Acthar Gel. Biomed Pharmacother 2009; 63: 251-253.
    • (2009) Biomed Pharmacother , vol.63 , pp. 251-253
    • Brod, S.A.1    Morales, M.M.2
  • 63
    • 84856386844 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Five-day regimen of intramuscular or subcutaneous self-administered adrenocorticotropic hormone gel for acute exacerbations of multiple sclerosis: a prospective, randomized, open-label pilot trial
    • Simsarian JP, Saunders C, Smith DM, Five-day regimen of intramuscular or subcutaneous self-administered adrenocorticotropic hormone gel for acute exacerbations of multiple sclerosis: a prospective, randomized, open-label pilot trial. Drug Des Devel Ther 2011; 5: 381-389.
    • (2011) Drug Des Devel Ther , vol.5 , pp. 381-389
    • Simsarian, J.P.1    Saunders, C.2    Smith, D.M.3


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.