Obesity and Kidney Disease: Potential Mechanisms

Seminars in Nephrology

Volumn 33, Issue 1, 2013, Pages 14-22

  Wickman, Christopher ^a   Kramer, Holly ^a  

^a LOYOLA UNIVERSITY CHICAGO   (United States)

Author keywords

Adiposity; Caloric restriction; Chronic kidney disease; Obesity

Indexed keywords

ADIPONECTIN; SIRTUIN 1;

ARTICLE; BARIATRIC SURGERY; BLOOD VESSEL TONE; BODY MASS; CALORIC INTAKE; CALORIC RESTRICTION; CELL COUNT; CELL STRESS; DIABETES MELLITUS; GLOMERULUS CAPILLARY; GLOMERULUS FILTRATION; GLOMERULUS FILTRATION RATE; HUMAN; HYPERTENSION; KIDNEY BLOOD FLOW; KIDNEY DISEASE; MEDICAL ASSESSMENT; MORBID OBESITY; NEPHRON; NONHUMAN; OBESITY; PATHOGENESIS; PATHOPHYSIOLOGY; PODOCYTE; PREVALENCE; PRIORITY JOURNAL; PROTEIN EXPRESSION; PROTEINURIA; RISK FACTOR; UPREGULATION; WAIST CIRCUMFERENCE; WEIGHT REDUCTION;

BODY MASS INDEX; GLOMERULAR FILTRATION RATE; HUMANS; OBESITY; RENAL INSUFFICIENCY, CHRONIC; SIRTUIN 1; WEIGHT LOSS;

EID: 84873133039     PISSN: 02709295     EISSN: 15584488     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.semnephrol.2012.12.006     Document Type: Article

References (92)

1. Obesity: the Global Epidemic. International Association for the Study of Obesity [Anonymous], International Obesity TaskforceInternational Obesity Taskforce, [cited 2012 August 1]. http://www.iaso.org/iotf/obesity/obesitytheglobalepidemic/.
2. Flegal K.M., Carroll M.D., Ogden C.L., Curtin L.R. Prevalence and trends in obesity among US adults, 1999-2008. JAMA 2010, 303:235-241.
3. Sturm R. Increases in clinically severe obesity in the United States, 1986-2000. Arch Intern Med 2003, 163:2146-2148.
4. Ogden C.L., Carroll M.D. Prevalence of obesity in the United States, 2009-2010. NCHS Data Brief no 82, National Center for Health Statistics January 2012, Hyattsville, MD.
5. Behavioral risk factor surveillance system. Regional map 2010 Office of Surveillance, Epidemiology, and Laboratory Services. http://apps.nccd.cdc.gov/brfss/.
6. Nutrition and weight status US Department of Health and Human Services, [cited 2012 July 1], Accessed July 15, 2012. http://healthypeople.gov/2020/topicsobjectives2020/objectiveslist.aspx?topicId=29.
7. USRDS 2010 annual data report: atlas of chronic kidney disease and end-stage renal disease in the United States 2010, US Renal Data System, National Institutes of Health, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, Bethesda, MD.
8. Shoham D.A., Vupputuri S., Kshirsagar A.V. Chronic kidney disease and life course socioeconomic status: a review. Adv Chronic Kidney Dis 2005, 12:56-63.
9. Kramer H.J., Saranathan A., Luke A., et al. Increasing body mass index and obesity in the incident ESRD population. J Am Soc Nephrol 2006, 17:1453-1459.
10. Friedman A.N., Miskulin D.C., Rosenberg I.H., Levey A.S. Demographics and trends in overweight and obesity in patients at time of kidney transplantation. Am J Kidney Dis 2003, 41:480-487.
11. Obesity: preventing and managing the global epidemic: report of a WHO consultation. World Health Organ Tech Rep Ser 2000, 894:1-253. [Anonymous], i-xii.
12. Grabowski D.C., Ellis J.E. High body mass index does not predict mortality in older people: analysis of the longitudinal study of aging. J Am Geriatr Soc 2001, 49:968-979.
13. Lavie C.J., Osman A.F., Milani R.V., Mehra M.R. Body composition and prognosis in chronic systolic heart failure: the obesity paradox. Am J Cardiol 2003, 91:891-894.
14. Kalantar-Zadeh K., Kuwae N., Wu D.Y., et al. Associations of body fat and its changes over time with quality of life and prospective mortality in hemodialysis patients. Am J Clin Nutr 2006, 83:202-210.
15. Postorino M., Marino C., Tripepi G., Zoccali C. Abdominal obesity and all-cause and cardiovascular mortality in end-stage renal disease. J Am Coll Cardiol 2009, 53:1265-1272. CREDIT (Calabria Registry of Dialysis and Transplantation) Working Group.
16. Johansen K.L., Young B., Kaysen G.A., Chertow G.M. Association of body size with outcomes among patients beginning dialysis. Am J Clin Nutr 2004, 80:324-332.
17. Kramer H., Shoham D., McClure L.A., et al. Association of waist circumference and body mass index with all-cause mortality in CKD: the REGARDS (reasons for geographic and racial differences in stroke) study. Am J Kidney Dis 2011, 58:177-185.
18. Janssen I., Katzmarzyk P.T., Ross R. Body mass index, waist circumference, and health risk: evidence in support of current National Institutes of Health guidelines. Arch Intern Med 2002, 162:2074-2079.
19. Balkau B., Deanfield J.E., Despres J.P., et al. International day for the evaluation of abdominal obesity (IDEA): a study of waist circumference, cardiovascular disease, and diabetes mellitus in 168,000 primary care patients in 63 countries. Circulation 2007, 116:1942-1951.
20. Koster A., Leitzmann M.F., Schatzkin A., et al. Waist circumference and mortality. Am J Epidemiol 2008, 167:1465-1475.
21. Janssen I., Katzmarzyk P.T., Ross R. Body mass index is inversely related to mortality in older people after adjustment for waist circumference. J Am Geriatr Soc 2005, 53:2112-2118.
22. Bigaard J., Tjonneland A., Thomsen B.L., Overvad K., Heitmann B.L., Sorensen T.I. Waist circumference, BMI, smoking, and mortality in middle-aged men and women. Obes Res 2003, 11:895-903.
23. Clinical guidelines on the identification, evaluation, and treatment of overweight and obesity in adults-the evidence report. Obes Res 1998, 6(Suppl 2):51S-209S. National Institutes of Health.
24. Chan J.M., Rimm E.B., Colditz G.A., Stampfer M.J., Willett W.C. Obesity, fat distribution, and weight gain as risk factors for clinical diabetes in men. Diabetes Care 1994, 17:961-969.
25. He J., Whelton P.K., Appel L.J., Charleston J., Klag M.J. Long-term effects of weight loss and dietary sodium reduction on incidence of hypertension. Hypertension 2000, 35:544-549.
26. Garrison R.J., Kannel W.B., Stokes J., Castelli W.P. Incidence and precursors of hypertension in young adults: the Framingham Offspring Study. Prev Med 1987, 16:235-251.
27. Hall J.E., Kuo J.J., da Silva A.A., de Paula R.B., Liu J., Tallam L. Obesity-associated hypertension and kidney disease. Curr Opin Nephrol Hypertens 2003, 12:195-200.
28. Peppard P.E., Young T., Palta M., Skatrud J. Prospective study of the association between sleep-disordered breathing and hypertension. N Engl J Med 2000, 342:1378-1384.
29. Nieto F.J., Young T.B., Lind B.K., et al. Association of sleep-disordered breathing, sleep apnea, and hypertension in a large community-based study. Sleep Heart Health Study. JAMA 2000, 283:1829-1836.
30. Third report of the National Cholesterol Education Program (NCEP) Expert Panel on Detection, Evaluation, and Treatment of High Blood Cholesterol in Adults (Adult Treatment Panel III) final report. Circulation 2002, 106:3143-3421. National Cholesterol Education Program (NCEP) Expert Panel on Detection, Evaluation, and Treatment of High Blood Cholesterol in Adults (Adult Treatment Panel III).
31. Chen J., Muntner P., Hamm L.L., et al. The metabolic syndrome and chronic kidney disease in U.S. adults. Ann Intern Med 2004, 140:167-174.
32. Muntner P., Coresh J., Smith J.C., Eckfeldt J., Klag M.J. Plasma lipids and risk of developing renal dysfunction: the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities study. Kidney Int 2000, 58:293-301.
33. Fox C.S., Larson M.G., Leip E.P., Meigs J.B., Wilson P.W., Levy D. Glycemic status and development of kidney disease: the Framingham Heart Study. Diabetes Care 2005, 28:2436-2440.
34. Fox C.S., Larson M.G., Leip E.P., Culleton B., Wilson P.W., Levy D. Predictors of new-onset kidney disease in a community-based population. JAMA 2004, 291:844-850.
35. Gelber R.P., Kurth T., Kausz A.T., et al. Association between body mass index and CKD in apparently healthy men. Am J Kidney Dis 2005, 46:871-880.
36. Kramer H., Luke A., Bidani A., Cao G., Cooper R., McGee D. Obesity and prevalent and incident CKD: the hypertension detection and follow-up program. Am J Kidney Dis 2005, 46:587-594.
37. Ejerblad E., Fored C.M., Lindblad P., Fryzek J., McLaughlin J.K., Nyren O. Obesity and risk for chronic renal failure. J Am Soc Nephrol 2006, 17:1695-1702.
38. Hsu C.Y., McCulloch C.E., Iribarren C., Darbinian J., Go A.S. Body mass index and risk for end-stage renal disease. Ann Intern Med 2006, 144:21-28.
39. Bonnet F., Deprele C., Sassolas A., et al. Excessive body weight as a new independent risk factor for clinical and pathological progression in primary IgA nephritis. Am J Kidney Dis 2001, 37:720-727.
40. Lea J., Cheek D., Thornley-Brown D., et al. Metabolic syndrome, proteinuria, and the risk of progressive CKD in hypertensive African Americans. Am J Kidney Dis 2008, 51:732-740.
41. Hall J.E., Jones D.W., Kuo J.J., da Silva A., Tallam L.S., Liu J. Impact of the obesity epidemic on hypertension and renal disease. Curr Hypertens Rep 2003, 5:386-392.
42. Kasiske B.L., Napier J. Glomerular sclerosis in patients with massive obesity. Am J Nephrol 1985, 5:45-50.
43. Griffin K.A., Kramer H., Bidani A.K. Adverse renal consequences of obesity. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 2008, 294:F685-F696.
44. Hoy W.E., Douglas-Denton R.N., Hughson M.D., Cass A., Johnson K., Bertram J.F. A stereological study of glomerular number and volume: preliminary findings in a multiracial study of kidneys at autopsy. Kidney Int Suppl 2003, 83:S31-S37.
45. Lackland D.T., Bendall H.E., Osmond C., Egan B.M., Barker D.J. Low birth weights contribute to high rates of early-onset chronic renal failure in the southeastern United States. Arch Intern Med 2000, 160:1472-1476.
46. Barker D.J., Bull A.R., Osmond C., Simmonds S.J. Fetal and placental size and risk of hypertension in adult life. BMJ 1990, 301:259-262.
47. Chagnac A., Weinstein T., Korzets A., Ramadan E., Hirsch J., Gafter U. Glomerular hemodynamics in severe obesity. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 2000, 278:F817-F822.
48. Krikken J.A., Lely A.T., Bakker S.J., Navis G. The effect of a shift in sodium intake on renal hemodynamics is determined by body mass index in healthy young men. Kidney Int 2007, 71:260-265.
49. Bosma R.J., van der Heide J.J., Oosterop E.J., de Jong P.E., Navis G. Body mass index is associated with altered renal hemodynamics in non-obese healthy subjects. Kidney Int 2004, 65:259-265.
50. Brenner B.M., Lawler E.V., Mackenzie H.S. The hyperfiltration theory: a paradigm shift in nephrology. Kidney Int 1996, 49:1774-1777.
51. Hostetter T.H., Olson J.L., Rennke H.G., Venkatachalam M.A., Brenner B.M. Hyperfiltration in remnant nephrons: a potentially adverse response to renal ablation. Am J Physiol 1981, 241:F85-F93.
52. Hostetter T.H., Rennke H.G., Brenner B.M. Compensatory renal hemodynamic injury: a final common pathway of residual nephron destruction. Am J Kidney Dis 1982, 1:310-314.
53. Hostetter T.H., Rennke H.G., Brenner B.M. The case for intrarenal hypertension in the initiation and progression of diabetic and other glomerulopathies. Am J Med 1982, 72:375-380.
54. Luyckx V.A., Brenner B.M. Low birth weight, nephron number, and kidney disease. Kidney Int Suppl 2005, 97:S68-S77.
55. Reisin E., Weir M.R., Falkner B., Hutchinson H.G., Anzalone D.A., Tuck M.L. Lisinopril versus hydrochlorothiazide in obese hypertensive patients: a multicenter placebo-controlled trial. Treatment in Obese Patients with Hypertension (TROPHY) study group. Hypertension 1997, 30:140-145.
56. Levey A.S., Kramer H. Obesity, glomerular hyperfiltration, and the surface area correction. Am J Kidney Dis 2010, 56:255-258.
57. Eriksen B.O., Melsom T., Mathisen U.D., Jenssen T.G., Solbu M.D., Toft I. GFR normalized to total body water allows comparisons across genders and body sizes. J Am Soc Nephrol 2011, 22:1517-1525.
58. Schmieder R.E., Veelken R., Schobel H., Dominiak P., Mann J.F., Luft F.C. Glomerular hyperfiltration during sympathetic nervous system activation in early essential hypertension. J Am Soc Nephrol 1997, 8:893-900.
59. McIntosh J.F., Moller E., Van Slyke D.D. Studies of urea excretion. III: The influence of body size on urea output. J Clin Invest 1928, 6:467-483.
60. Wuerzner G., Pruijm M., Maillard M., et al. Marked association between obesity and glomerular hyperfiltration: a cross-sectional study in an African population. Am J Kidney Dis 2010, 56:303-312.
61. Kriz W., Elger M., Mundel P., Lemley K.V. Structure-stabilizing forces in the glomerular tuft. J Am Soc Nephrol 1995, 5:1731-1739.
62. Rennke H.G., Klein P.S. Pathogenesis and significance of nonprimary focal and segmental glomerulosclerosis. Am J Kidney Dis 1989, 13:443-456.
63. Wiggins J.E., Goyal M., Sanden S.K., et al. Podocyte hypertrophy, "adaptation," and "decompensation" associated with glomerular enlargement and glomerulosclerosis in the aging rat: prevention by calorie restriction. J Am Soc Nephrol 2005, 16:2953-2966.
64. Chen H.M., Liu Z.H., Zeng C.H., Li S.J., Wang Q.W., Li L.S. Podocyte lesions in patients with obesity-related glomerulopathy. Am J Kidney Dis 2006, 48:772-779.
65. Chagnac A., Weinstein T., Herman M., Hirsh J., Gafter U., Ori Y. The effects of weight loss on renal function in patients with severe obesity. J Am Soc Nephrol 2003, 14:1480-1486.
66. Navarro-Diaz M., Serra A., Romero R., et al. Effect of drastic weight loss after bariatric surgery on renal parameters in extremely obese patients: long-term follow-up. J Am Soc Nephrol 2006, 17(Suppl 3):S213-S217.
67. Morales E., Valero M.A., Leon M., Hernandez E., Praga M. Beneficial effects of weight loss in overweight patients with chronic proteinuric nephropathies. Am J Kidney Dis 2003, 41:319-327.
68. Praga M., Hernandez E., Andres A., Leon M., Ruilope L.M., Rodicio J.L. Effects of body-weight loss and captopril treatment on proteinuria associated with obesity. Nephron 1995, 70:35-41.
69. Saiki A., Nagayama D., Ohhira M., et al. Effect of weight loss using formula diet on renal function in obese patients with diabetic nephropathy. Int J Obes 2005, 29:1115-1120.
70. Cubeddu L.X., Alfieri A.B., Hoffmann I.S. Lowering the threshold for defining microalbuminuria: effects of a lifestyle-metformin intervention in obese "normoalbuminuric" non-diabetic subjects. Am J Hypertens 2008, 21:105-110.
71. Solerte S.B., Fioravanti M., Schifino N., Ferrari E. Effects of diet-therapy on urinary protein excretion albuminuria and renal haemodynamic function in obese diabetic patients with overt nephropathy. Int J Obes 1989, 13:203-211.
72. Afshinnia F., Wilt T.J., Duval S., Esmaeili A., Ibrahim H.N. Weight loss and proteinuria: systematic review of clinical trials and comparative cohorts. Nephrol Dial Transplant 2010, 25:1173-1183.
73. Weiss E.P., Racette S.B., Villareal D.T., et al. Improvements in glucose tolerance and insulin action induced by increasing energy expenditure or decreasing energy intake: a randomized controlled trial. Am J Clin Nutr 2006, 84:1033-1042.
74. Heilbronn L.K., de Jonge L., Frisard M.I., et al. Effect of 6-month calorie restriction on biomarkers of longevity, metabolic adaptation, and oxidative stress in overweight individuals: a randomized controlled trial. JAMA 2006, 295:1539-1548.
75. McCay C.M., Crowell M.F., Maynard L.A. The effect of retarded growth upon the length of lifespan and upon the ultimate body size. J Nutr 1935, 10:63-79.
76. Johnson P.R., Stern J.S., Horwitz B.A., Harris R.E., Greene S.F. Longevity in obese and lean male and female rats of the Zucker strain: prevention of hyperphagia. Am J Clin Nutr 1997, 66:890-903.
77. Stern J.S., Gades M.D., Wheeldon C.M., Borchers A.T. Calorie restriction in obesity: prevention of kidney disease in rodents. J Nutr 2001, 131:913S-917S.
78. Gumprecht L.A., Long C.R., Soper K.A., Smith P.F., Haschek-Hock W.M., Keenan K.P. The early effects of dietary restriction on the pathogenesis of chronic renal disease in Sprague-Dawley rats at 12 months. Toxicol Pathol 1993, 21:528-537.
79. Tapp D.C., Wortham W.G., Addison J.F., Hammonds D.N., Barnes J.L., Venkatachalam M.A. Food restriction retards body growth and prevents end-stage renal pathology in remnant kidneys of rats regardless of protein intake. Lab Invest 1989, 60:184-195.
80. Blum C.A., Ellis J.L., Loh C., Ng P.Y., Perni R.B., Stein R.L. SIRT1 modulation as a novel approach to the treatment of diseases of aging. J Med Chem 2011, 54:417-432.
81. Blum C.A., Ellis J.L., Loh C., Ng P.Y., Perni R.B., Stein R.L. SIRT1 modulation as a novel approach to the treatment of diseases of aging. J Med Chem 2011, 54:417-432.
82. He W., Wang Y., Zhang M.Z., et al. Sirt1 activation protects the mouse renal medulla from oxidative injury. J Clin Invest 2010, 120:1056-1068.
83. Havel P.J. Update on adipocyte hormones: regulation of energy balance and carbohydrate/lipid metabolism. Diabetes 2004, 53(Suppl 1):S143-S151.
84. Kramer H., Reboussin D., Bertoni A.G., et al. Obesity and albuminuria among adults with type 2 diabetes: the look AHEAD (action for health in diabetes) study. Diabetes Care 2009, 32:851-853.
85. Kawar B., Bello A.K., El Nahas A.M. High prevalence of microalbuminuria in the overweight and obese population: data from a UK population screening programme. Nephron 2009, 112:205-212.
86. Chen B., Yang D., Chen Y., Xu W., Ye B., Ni Z. The prevalence of microalbuminuria and its relationships with the components of metabolic syndrome in the general population of china. Clin Chim Acta 2010, 411:705-709.
87. Thoenes M., Reil J.C., Khan B.V., et al. Abdominal obesity is associated with microalbuminuria and an elevated cardiovascular risk profile in patients with hypertension. Vasc Health Risk Manag 2009, 5:577-585.
88. Sharma K., Ramachandrarao S., Qiu G., et al. Adiponectin regulates albuminuria and podocyte function in mice. J Clin Invest 2008, 118:1645-1656.
89. Ohashi K., Iwatani H., Kihara S., et al. Exacerbation of albuminuria and renal fibrosis in subtotal renal ablation model of adiponectin-knockout mice. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2007, 27:1910-1917.
90. Sharma K. The link between obesity and albuminuria: adiponectin and podocyte dysfunction. Kidney Int 2009, 76:145-148.
91. Qiao L., Shao J. SIRT1 regulates adiponectin gene expression through Foxo1-C/enhancer-binding protein alpha transcriptional complex. J Biol Chem 2006, 281:39915-39924.
92. Mattagajasingh I., Kim C.S., Naqvi A., et al. SIRT1 promotes endothelium-dependent vascular relaxation by activating endothelial nitric oxide synthase. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2007, 104:14855-14860.