The Nile Basin Cooperative Framework Agreement: A peacefully unfolding African spring?

Water International

Volumn 38, Issue 1, 2013, Pages 17-29

  Salman, Salman M A ^a  

^a International Water Resources Association   (Sudan)

Author keywords

Cooperative Framework Agreement; equitable and reasonable utilization; existing uses and rights; Nile Basin; Nile treaties; United Nations Watercourses Convention

Indexed keywords

EID: 84873103205     PISSN: 02508060     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1080/02508060.2013.744273     Document Type: Article

References (31)

1. Block, P. and Rajagopalan, B. 1999. Statistical-dynamical approach for streamflow modeling at Malakal, Sudan, on the White Nile River. Journal of Hydrologic Engineering, 14(2): 185-196.
2. Bourne, C. 1997. International water law: selected writings of Professor Charles Bourne, Edited by: Patricia, Wouters. The Hague: Kluwer Law International.
3. Brunnee, J. and Toope, S. 2002. The changing Nile Basin regime: does law matter?. Harvard International Law Journal, 43(1): 105-159.
4. Collins, R. 2002. The Nile, New Haven: Yale University Press.
5. Degefu, G. 2003. The Nile: historical, legal and developmental perspectives, Canada: Victoria. Trafford Publishing.
6. Gabcikovo-Nagymaros Project, 1997. Case concerning the Gabcikovo Nagymaros Project (Hungary/Slovakia), Judgment of 25 September 1997, International Court of Justice. http://www.icj-cij.org/docket/files/92/7375.pdf (http://www.icj-cij.org/docket/files/92/7375.pdf) (Accessed: 3 November 2012).
7. Garretson, A.H. 1967. "The Nile Basin". In The law of international drainage basins, Edited by: Garretson, A.H., Hayton, R.D. and Olmstead, C.J. 256-297. Oceana, NY: Dobbs Ferry.
8. Ibrahim, A. 2011. The Nile Basin Cooperative Framework Agreement: the beginning of the end of Egyptian hydro-political hegemony. Missouri Environmental Law & Policy Review, 18(2): 283-313.
9. Krishna, R. 1988. "The legal regime of the Nile River Basin". In The politics of scarcity: water in the Middle East Edited by: Starr, J. and Stoll, D. 23-41.
10. McCaffrey, S. 2007. The law of international watercourses, 2nd, New York: Oxford University Press.
11. Mekonnen, D.Z. 2010. The Nile Basin Cooperative Framework Agreement negotiations and adoption of a water security paradigm: flight into obscurity or a logical cul-de-sac?. European Journal of International Law, 21: 421-440.
12. Mekonnen, Y. 1984. The Nyerere Doctrine of State Succession and the new states of East Africa, Arusha: Tanzania: Eastern Africa.
13. Musoni, E., 2012. Nile Basin Commission to be established despite dissent. http://www.newtimes.co.rw/news/index.php?i=14893&a=49763 (http://www.newtimes.co.rw/news/index.php?i=14893&a=49763) (Accessed: 11 November 2012).
14. NBI (Nile Basin Initiative), 2012 http://www.nilebasin.org/newsite/ (http://www.nilebasin.org/newsite/) (Accessed: 3 November 2012).
15. Nile Basin Initiative Act 2002 http://faolex.fao.org/docs/pdf/uga80648.pdf (http://faolex.fao.org/docs/pdf/uga80648.pdf) (Accessed: 11 November 2012).
16. Nile Cooperative Framework Agreement, 2010 http://internationalwaterlaw.org/documents/regionaldocs/Nile_River_Basin_Cooperative_Framework_2010.pdf (http://internationalwaterlaw.org/documents/regionaldocs/Nile_River_Basin_Cooperative_Framework_2010.pdf) (Accessed: 3 November 2012).
17. Nile Treaty, 1902. Treaty between Ethiopia and the United Kingdom, relative to the frontiers between the Anglo-Egyptian Sudan, Ethiopia, and Eritrea. http://untreaty.un.org/ilc/documentation/english/a_5409.pdf (http://untreaty.un.org/ilc/documentation/english/a_5409.pdf) (Accessed: 11 November 2012).
18. Treaty, Nile. 1929. Exchange of notes between Great Britain and Northern Ireland and Egypt in regard to the use of the waters of the River Nile for irrigation purposes, Cairo, May 1929, League of Nations Treaty Series 2103 1929.
19. Treaty, Nile. 1959. Agreement between the Arab Republic of Egypt and the Republic of the Sudan for the full utilization of the Nile waters, 1959, 453United Nations Treaty Series 64 1963.
20. Okidi, O. 1994. "History of the Nile and Lake Victoria basins through treaties". In The Nile:sharing a scarce resource, Edited by: Howell, P.P. and Allan, J.A. 193-224. London: School of Oriental and African Studies, University of London.
21. Paisley, R. 2002. Adversaries into partners: international water law and the equitable sharing of downstream benefits. Melbourne Journal of International Law, 13: 280-300.
22. Salman, S. 2007. The United Nations Watercourses Convention ten years later: why has its entry into force proven difficult?. Water International, 32: 1-15.
23. Salman, S. 2009. The World Bank Policy for Projects on International Waterways: an historical and legal analysis, Leiden: Martinus Nijhoff and Washington DC. World Bank
24. Salman, S. 2010. Downstream riparians can also harm upstream riparians: the concept of foreclosure of future uses. Water International, 35: 350-364.
25. Salman, S. 2011a. The new state of South Sudan and the hydro-politics of the Nile Basin. Water International, 36: 154-166.
26. Salman, S., 2011b. Grand Ethiopian Renaissance Dam: challenges and opportunities. CIP Report, 10 (4), 21-23, 29 http://cip.gmu.edu/archive/CIPHS_TheCIPReport_October2011_DamsSector.pdf (http://cip.gmu.edu/archive/CIPHS_TheCIPReport_October2011_DamsSector.pdf) (Accessed: 3 November 2012).
27. Salman, S., 2012. Outcome of the Nairobi Nile Council of Ministers meeting. International Water Law Project Blog [online] http://www.internationalwaterlaw.org/blog/2012/02/14/outcome-of-the-nairobi-nile-council-of-ministers-meeting-%E2%80%93-an-inevitable-consequence-of-a-level-playing-field (http://www.internationalwaterlaw.org/blog/2012/02/14/outcome-of-the-nairobi-nile-council-of-ministers-meeting-%E2%80%93-an-inevitable-consequence-of-a-level-playing-field) (Accessed: 3 November 2012).
28. Salman, S. and Uprety, K. 2002. Conflict and cooperation on South Asia's international rivers: a legal perspective, The Hague: Kluwer Law International.
29. Swain, A. 1997. Ethiopia, the Sudan and Egypt: the Nile River dispute. Journal of Modern African Studies, 35: 675-694.
30. Tvedt, T. 2004. The River Nile in the age of the British: political ecology and the quest for economic power, London: I. B. Tauris.
31. Waterbury, J. 2002. The Nile Basin: national determinants for collective action, New Haven, CT: Yale University Press.