Czech version of the trail making test: Normative data and clinical utility

Archives of Clinical Neuropsychology

Volumn 27, Issue 8, 2012, Pages 906-914

  Bezdicek, Ondrej ^a   Motak, Ladislav ^b,c   Axelrod, Bradley N ^d   Preiss, Marek ^e   Nikolai, Tomas ^a   Vyhnalek, Martin ^f,g   Poreh, Amir ^h   Ruzicka, Evzen ^a  

^a CHARLES UNIVERSITY   (Czech Republic)

^b UNIVERSITÉ DE LYON   (France)

^c Cité des Mobilités   (France)

^d VETERANS AFFAIRS MEDICAL CENTER   (United States)

^e NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF MENTAL HEALTH   (Czech Republic)

^f CHARLES UNIVERSITY   (Czech Republic)

^g ST ANNE S UNIVERSITY HOSPITAL   (Czech Republic)

^h CLEVELAND STATE UNIVERSITY   (United States)

Author keywords

Alzheimer's disease; Amnestic mild cognitive impairment; Czech; Normative data; Trail making test

Indexed keywords

EID: 84872978053     PISSN: 08876177     EISSN: 18735843     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1093/arclin/acs084     Document Type: Article

References (55)

1. Abe, M., Suzuki, K., Okada, K., Miura, R., Fujii, T., Etsurou, M., et al. (2004). Normative data on tests for frontal lobe functions: Trail Making Test, Verbal fluency, Wisconsin Card Sorting Test (Keio version). No To Shinkei, 56, 567-574. (Pubitemid 39243661)
2. Amieva, H., Lafont, S., Auriacombe, S., Rainville, C., Orgogozo, J. M., Dartigues, J. F., et al. (1998). Analysis of error types in the trial making test evidences an inhibitory deficit in dementia of the Alzheimer type. Journal of Clinical and Experimental Neuropsychology, 20, 280-285. doi:10.1076/jcen.20. 2.280.1161 (Pubitemid 28451707)
3. Amodio, P.,Wenin, H., Del Piccolo, F., Mapelli, D., Montagnese, S., Pellegrini, A., et al. (2002). Variability of trail making test, symbol digit test and line trait test in normal people. A normative study taking into account age-dependent decline and sociobiological variables. Aging Clinical and Experimental Research, 14, 117-131. (Pubitemid 34746054)
4. Arbuthnott, K., & Frank, J. (2000). Trail making test, part B as a measure of executive control: Validation using a set-switching paradigm. Journal of Clinical and Experimental Neuropsychology, 22, 518-528. doi:10.1076/1380- 3395(200008)22:4;1-0;FT518
5. Barr, A., Benedict, R., Tune, L., & Brandt, J. (1992). Neuropsychological differentiation of Alzheimer's disease from vascular dementia. International Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry, 7, 621-627. DOI: 10.1002/gps.930070903
6. Beck, A. T., Steer, R. A., & Brown, G. K. (1996). Beck Depression Inventory-II. San Antonio, TX: Harcourt Brace.
7. Bezdicek, O., Preiss, M., Motak, L., Axelrod, B. N., Nikolai, T., & Ruzicka, E. (2012). Czech version of the Trail Making Test normative data is not equivalent to the American version. Fortieth Annual Meeting of the International Neuropsychological Society, Montreal, 2012 (abstract 21).
8. Bornstein, R. A., & Suga, L. G. (1988). Education level and neuropsychological performance in healthy elderly subjects. Developmental Neuropsychology, 4, 17-22. doi:10.1080/87565648809540386
9. Cahn, D. A., Salmon, D. P., Butters, N., Wiederholt, W. C., Corey-Bloom, J., Edelstein, S. L., et al. (1995). Detection of dementia of the Alzheimer type in a population-based sample: Neuropsychological test performance. Journal of the International Neuropsychology Society, 1, 252-260. doi:10.1017/ S1355617700000242
10. Chen, P., Ratcliff, G., Belle, S. H., Cauley, J. A., DeKosky, S. T., & Ganguli, M. (2000). Cognitive tests that best discriminate between presymptomatic AD and those who remain nondemented. Neurology, 55, 1847-1853. (Pubitemid 32103967)
11. Drane, D. L., Yuspeh, R. L., Huthwaite, J. S., & Klingler, L. K. (2002). Demographic characteristics and normative observations for derived-trail making test indices. Neuropsychiatry, Neuropsychology, and Behavioral Neurology, 15, 39-43. (Pubitemid 34213815)
12. Fernández, A. L., & Marcopulos, B. A. (2008). A comparison of normative data for the Trail Making Test from several countries: Equivalence of norms and considerations for interpretation. Scandinavian Journal of Psychology, 49, 239-246. doi:10.1111/j.1467-9450.2008.00637.x
13. Golden, C. J., Osmon, D. C., Moses, J. A., & Berg, R. A. (1981). Interpretation of the Halstead-Reitan Neuropsychological Test Battery. New York: Grune & Stratton.
14. Haug, T., Sorteberg, A., Sorteberg,W., Lindegaard, K. F., Lundar, T., & Finset, A. (2007). Cognitive outcome after aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage: time course of recovery and relationship to clinical, radiological, and management parameters. Neurosurgery, 60, 649-656. (Pubitemid 46581085)
15. Heaton, R. K., Nelson, L. M., Thompson, D. S., Burks, J. S., & Franklin, G. M. (1985). Neuropsychological findings in relapsing-remitting and chronicprogressive multiple sclerosis. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 53, 103-110. doi:10.1037//0022-006X.53.1.103 (Pubitemid 15096165)
16. Hester, R. L., Kinsella, G. J., Ong, B., & McGregor, J. (2005). Demographic influences on baseline and derived scores from the trail making test in healthy older Australian adults. The Clinical Neuropsychologist, 19, 45-54. doi:10.1080/13854040490524137 (Pubitemid 40463790)
17. Hort, J., Laczó, J., Vyhnálek, M., Bojar, M., Bures, J., & Vlcek, K. (2007). Spatial navigation deficit in amnestic mild cognitive impairment. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the USA, 104, 4042-4047. doi:10.1073/pnas.0611314104 (Pubitemid 47181575)
18. Horton, A. M., Jr, & Roberts, C. (2001). Derived trail making test indices in a sample of substance abusers: Demographic effects. International Journal of Neuroscience, 111, 123-132. doi:10.3109/00207450108986557 (Pubitemid 34000220)
19. Ivnik, R. J., Malec, J. F., Smith, G. E., & Tangalos, E. G. (1996). Neuropsychological tests' norms above age 55: COWAT, BNT, MAE Token, WRAT-R Reading, AMNART, STROOP, TMT, and JLO. The Clinical Neuropsychologist, 10, 262-278. doi:10.1080/13854049608406689
20. Jacobson, S. C., Blanchard, M., Connolly, C. C., Cannon, M., & Garavan, H. (2011). An fMRI investigation of a novel analogue to the Trail-Making Test. Brain and Cognition, 77, 60-70. doi:10.1016/j.bandc.2011.06. 001
21. Kortte, K. B., Horner, M. D., & Windham, W. K. (2002). The trail making test, part B: Cognitive flexibility or ability to maintain set? Applied Neuropsychology, 9, 106-109. doi:10.1207/S15324826AN0902-5 (Pubitemid 34920096)
22. Laczó, J., Andel, R., Vlček, K., Macoška, V., Vyhnálek, M., Tolar, M., et al. (2011). Spatial Navigation and APOE in Amnestic Mild Cognitive Impairment. Neurodegenerative Diseases, 8, 169-177. doi:10.1159/000321581
23. Laczó, J., Vlček, K., Vyhnálek, M., Vajnerová, O., Ort, M., Holmerová, I., et al. (2009). Spatial navigation testing discriminates two types of amnestic mild cognitive impairment. Behavioral Brain Research, 202, 252-259. doi:10.1016/j.bbr.2009.03. 041
24. Lafleche, G., & Albert, M. S. (1995). Executive function deficits in mild Alzheimer's disease. Neuropsychology, 9, 313-320. doi:10.1037//0894-4105.9. 3.313
25. Lamberty, G., & Axelrod, B. (2006). Derived adult Trail Making Test indices. In A. Poreh (Ed.), The quantified process approach to neuropsychological assessment (pp. 161-173). New York and London: Taylor & Francis.
26. Lamberty, G. J., Putnam, S. H., Chatel, D. M., Bielauskas, L. A., & Adams, K. M. (1994). Derived Trail Making Test indices: A preliminary report. Neuropsychiatry, Neuropsychology, and Behavioral Neurology, 7, 230-234. (Pubitemid 24268946)
27. Lannoo, E., & Vingerhoets, G. (1997). Flemish normative data on common neuropsychological tests: Influence of age, education, and gender. Psychologica Belgica, 37, 141-155. (Pubitemid 127624080)
28. Lucas, J. A., Ivnik, R. J., Smith, G. E., Ferman, T. J., Willis, F. B., Petersen, R. C., et al. (2005). Mayo's Older African Americans Normative Studies: Norms for Boston Naming Test, Controlled Oral Word Association, Category Fluency, Animal Naming, Token Test,Wrat-3 Reading, Trail Making Test, Stroop Test, and Judgment of Line Orientation. The Clinical Neuropsychologist, 19, 243-269. doi:10.1080/13854040590945337 (Pubitemid 40805850)
29. Manly, J. (2008). Critical issues in cultural neuropsychology: Profit from diversity. Neuropsychology Review, 18, 179-183. doi:10.1007/s11065-008- 9068-8
30. Martin, T. A., Hoffman, N. M., & Donders, J. (2003). Clinical utility of the trail making test ratio score. Applied Neuropsychology, 10, 163-169. doi:10.1207/S15324826AN1003-05 (Pubitemid 37052221)
31. McKhann, G., Drachman, D., Folstein, M., Katzman, R., Price, D., & Stadlan, E. M. (1984). Clinical diagnosis of Alzheimer's disease: Report of the NINCDS-ADRDA Work Group under the auspices of Department of Health and Human Services Task Force on Alzheimer's Disease. Neurology, 34, 939-944. (Pubitemid 14076461)
32. Mitrushina, M., Boone, K. B., Razani, J., & D'Elia, L. F. (2005). Handbook of normative data for neuropsychological assessment (2nd ed.). New York: Oxford University Press.
33. Ogden, J. A., Mee, E. W., & Henning, M. (1993). A prospective study of impairment of cognition and memory and recovery after subarachnoid hemorrhage. Neurosurgery, 33, 572-586.
34. Orbo, M.,Waterloo, K., Egge, A., Isaksen, J., Ingebrigtsen, T., & Romner, B. (2008). Predictors for cognitive impairment one year after surgery for aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage. Journal of Neurology, 255, 1770-1776.
35. Petersen, R. C. (2000). Mild cognitive impairment: Transition between aging and Alzheimer's disease. Neurologia, 15, 93-101. (Pubitemid 30340226)
36. Pillon, B., Gouider-Khouja, N., Deweer, B., Vidailhet, M., Malapani, C., Dubois, B., et al. (1995). Neuropsychological pattern of striatonigral degeneration: Comparison with Parkinson's disease and progressive supranuclear palsy. Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery and Psychiatry, 58, 174-179. doi:10.1136/jnnp.58.2.174
37. Preiss, M., & Preiss, J. (2006). Test cesty [Trail making test. Manual in Czech]. Bratislava: Psychodiagnostika.
38. Preiss, M., Rodriguez, M., Kawaciukowa, R., & Laing, H. (2007). Neuropsychologická baterie Psychiatrického centra Praha [Neuropsychological battery of Prague Psychiatric Center. Clinical Assessment of Basic Cognitive Functions] (2nd ed.). Praha: Psychiatrické centrum Praha.
39. Rabin, L.A., Barr,W. B., & Burton, L. A. (2005). Assessment practices of clinical neuropsychologists in the United States and Canada: A survey of INS, NAN, and APA Division 40 members. Archives of Clinical Neuropsychology, 20, 33-65. doi:10.1016/j.acn.2004.02.005 (Pubitemid 40029807)
40. Rasmusson, D. X., Zonderman, A. B., Kawas, C., & Resnick, S. M. (1998). Effects of age and dementia on the trail making test. The Clinical Neuropsychologist, 12, 169-178. (Pubitemid 28394367)
41. Reitan, R. M., & Wolfson, D. (1993). The Halstead-Reitan Neuropsychological Test Battery (2nd ed.). Tucson, AZ: Neuropsychology Press.
42. Reitan, R. M., &Wolfson, D. (2004). The Trail Making Test as an initial screening procedure for neuropsychological impairment in older children. Archives of Clinical Neuropsychology, 19, 281-288. (Pubitemid 38316876)
43. Schmidt, M. (2004). Rey Auditory Verbal Learning Test. A handbook (2nd ed.). Los Angeles, CA: Western Psychological Services.
44. Schretlen, D. J., Munro, C. A., Anthony, J. C., & Pearlson, G. D. (2003). Examining the range of normal intraindividual variability in neuropsychological test performance. Journal of the International Neuropsychological Society, 9, 864-870. doi:10.1017/S1355617703960061 (Pubitemid 37139016)
45. Sheikh, J. I., & Yesavage, J. A. (1986). Geriatric Depression Scale (GDS): Recent evidence and development of a shorter version. The Clinical Gerontologist, 5, 165-173. (Pubitemid 17221439)
46. Sherrill-Pattison, S., Donders, J., & Thompson, E. (2000). Influence of demographic variables on neuropsychological test performance after traumatic brain injury. The Clinical Neuropsychologist, 14, 496-503. doi:10.1076/clin.14. 4.496.7196
47. Soukup, V. M., Ingram, F., Grady, J. J., & Schiess, M. C. (1998). Trail Making Test: Issues in normative data selection. Applied Neuropsychology, 5, 65-73. doi:10.1207/s15324826an0502-2 (Pubitemid 28375934)
48. Strauss, E., Sherman, E. M. S., & Spreen, O. (2006). A Compendium of Neuropsychological Tests. Administration, Norms, and Commentary. (3rd ed.). New York: Oxford University Press.
49. Stuss, D. T., Bisschop, S. M., Alexander, M. P., Levine, B., Katz, D., & Izukawa, D. (2001). The Trail Making Test: A study in focal lesion patients. Psychological Assessment, 13, 230-239. doi:10.1037//1040-3590.13.2.230 (Pubitemid 32552945)
50. Tombaugh, T. N. (2004). Trail Making Test A and B: Normative data stratified by age and education. Archives of Clinical Neuropsychology, 19, 203-214. doi:10.1016/S0887-6177(03)00039-8 (Pubitemid 38316871)
51. U.S. War Department, Adjutant General's Office. (1944). Army Individual Test Battery. Manual of directions and scoring. Washington, DC: Author.
52. Uttl, B. (2002). North American Adult Reading Test: Age norms, reliability, and validity. Journal of Clinical and Experimental Neuropsychology, 24 (8), 1123-1137. (Pubitemid 36605540)
53. van de Vijver, F. J. R., & Tanzer, N. K. (2004). Bias and equivalence in cross-cultural assessment: An overview. Revue européenne de psychologie appliquée, 54, 119-135.
54. Yeudall, L. T., Reddon, J. R., Gill, D. M., & Stefanyk,W. O. (1987). Normative data for the Halstead-Reitan neuropsychological tests stratified by age and sex. Journal of Clinical Psychology, 43, 346-367. doi:10.1002/1097- 4679(198705)43:3<346::AID-JCLP2270430308.3.0.CO;2-Q (Pubitemid 17085241)
55. Zalonis, I., Kararizou, E., Triantafyllou, N. I., Kapaki, E., Papageorgiou, S., Sgouropoulos, P., et al. (2008). A normative study of the trail making test A and B in Greek adults. The Clinical Neuropsychologist, 22, 842-850. doi:10.1080/13854040701629301