Self-assembly of segmented anisotropic particles: Tuning compositional anisotropy to form vertical or horizontal arrays

ACS Nano

Volumn 7, Issue 1, 2013, Pages 825-833

  Smith, Benjamin D ^a   Kirby, David J ^a   Rivera, Isamar Ortiz ^a   Keating, Christine D ^a  

^a PENNSYLVANIA STATE UNIVERSITY   (United States)

Author keywords

aspect ratio; center of mass; density; gold; nanotube; nanowire; van der Waals

Indexed keywords

ACID ETCHING; ANISOTROPIC PARTICLES; APPLIED FIELD; CENTER OF MASS; COLUMNAR ARRAYS; ELECTROSTATIC REPULSION; GEOMETRIC CENTER; HORIZONTAL ARRAYS; METAL NANOWIRE; MICRO-PARTICLES; MULTICOMPONENT NANOWIRES; PHOTOVOLTAICS; REPRODUCIBILITIES; SCALABLE APPROACH; SELF-ASSEMBLE; SILICA SHELL; VAN DER WAALS; VERTICALLY ALIGNED;

ASPECT RATIO; DENSITY (SPECIFIC GRAVITY); GOLD; GOLD COATINGS; NANOTUBES; NANOWIRES; SELF ASSEMBLY; SILICA; SURFACE CHEMISTRY; VAN DER WAALS FORCES;

ANISOTROPY;

METAL NANOPARTICLE; NANOMATERIAL;

ANISOTROPY; ARTICLE; CHEMISTRY; CONFORMATION; CRYSTALLIZATION; MACROMOLECULE; MATERIALS TESTING; METHODOLOGY; PARTICLE SIZE; SURFACE PROPERTY; ULTRASTRUCTURE;

ANISOTROPY; CRYSTALLIZATION; MACROMOLECULAR SUBSTANCES; MATERIALS TESTING; METAL NANOPARTICLES; MOLECULAR CONFORMATION; NANOSTRUCTURES; PARTICLE SIZE; SURFACE PROPERTIES;

MLCS; MLOWN;

EID: 84872853246     PISSN: 19360851     EISSN: 1936086X     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1021/nn305394s     Document Type: Article

References (66)

1. Krahne, R.; Morello, G.; Figuerola, A.; George, C.; Deka, S.; Manna, L. Physical Properties of Elongated Inorganic Nanoparticles Phys. Rep. 2011, 501, 75-221
2. Hochbaum, A. I.; Yang, P. Semiconductor Nanowires for Energy Conversion Chem. Rev. 2010, 110, 527-546
3. Spurgeon, J. M.; Atwater, H. A.; Lewis, N. S. A Comparison between the Behavior of Nanorod Array and Planar Cd(Se,Te) Photoelectrodes J. Phys. Chem. C 2008, 112, 6186-6193
4. Law, M.; Greene, L. E.; Johnson, J. C.; Saykally, R.; Yang, P. Nanowire Dye-Sensitized Solar Cells Nat. Mater. 2005, 4, 455-459
5. Wang, J.; Scampicchio, M.; Laocharoensuk, R.; Valentini, F.; González-García, O.; Burdick, J. Magnetic Tuning of the Electrochemical Reactivity through Controlled Surface Orientation of Catalytic Nanowires J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2006, 128, 4562-4563
6. Loaiza, Ó. A.; Laocharoensuk, R.; Burdick, J.; Rodríguez, M. C.; Pingarron, J. M.; Pedrero, M.; Wang, J. Adaptive Orientation of Multifunctional Nanowires for Magnetic Control of Bioelectrocatalytic Processes Angew. Chem., Int. Ed. 2007, 46, 1508-1511
7. Zorn, M.; Tahir, M. N.; Bergmann, B.; Tremel, W.; Grigoriadis, C.; Floudas, G.; Zentel, R. Orientation and Dynamics of ZnO Nanorod Liquid Crystals in Electric Fields Macromol. Rapid Commun. 2010, 31, 1101-1107
8. Gupta, S.; Zhang, Q.; Emrick, T.; Russell, T. P. "Self- Corralling" Nanorods under an Applied Electric Field Nano Lett. 2006, 6, 2066-2069
9. Ryan, K. M.; Mastroianni, A.; Stancil, K. A.; Liu, H.; Alivisatos, A. P. Electric-Field-Assisted Assembly of Perpendicularly Oriented Nanorod Superlattices Nano Lett. 2006, 6, 1479-1482
10. Ahmed, S.; Ryan, K. M. Centimetre Scale Assembly of Verically Aligned and Close Packed Semiconductor Nanorods from Solution Chem. Commun. 2009, 6421-6423
11. Ding, T.; Song, K.; Clays, K.; Tung, C.-H. Controlled Directionality of Ellipsoids in Monolayer and Multilayer Colloidal Crystals Langmuir 2010, 26, 11544-11549
12. Liu, Q.; Cui, Y.; Gardner, D.; Li, X.; He, S.; Smalyukh, I. I. Self-Alignment of Plasmonic Gold Nanorods in Reconfigurable Anisotropic Fluids for Tunable Bulk Metamaterial Applications Nano Lett. 2010, 10, 1347-1353
13. Goyal, A.; Liu, S.; Iqbal, Z.; Fetter, L. A.; Farrow, R. C. Directed Self-Assembly of Individually Aligned Carbon Nanotubes J. Vac. Sci. Technol., B 2008, 26, 2524-2528
14. Beardslee, J. A.; Sadtler, B.; Lewis, N. S. Magnetic Field Alignment of Randomly Oriented, High Aspect Ratio Silicon Microwires into Vertically Oriented Arrays ACS Nano 2012, 6, 10303-10310
15. Singh, A.; English, N. J.; Ryan, K. M. Highly Ordered Nanorod Assemblies Extending over Device Scale Areas and in Controlled Multilayers by Electrophoretic Deposition J. Phys. Chem. B 2012, 10.1021/jp305184n
16. O'Sullivan, C.; Ahmed, S.; Ryan, K. M. Gold Tip Formation on Perpendicularly Aligned Semiconductor Nanorod Assemblies J. Mater. Chem. 2008, 18, 5218-5222
17. Kelly, D.; Singh, A.; Barrett, C. A.; O'Sullivan, C.; Coughlan, C.; Laffir, F. R.; O'Dwyer, C.; Ryan, K. M. A Facile Spin-Cast Route for Cation Exchange of Multilayer Perpendicularly-Aligned Nanorod Assemblies Nanoscale 2011, 3, 4580-4583
18. Mittal, M.; Furst, E. M. Electric Field-Directed Convective Assembly of Ellipsoidal Colloidal Particles To Create Optically and Mechanically Anisotropic Thin Films Adv. Funct. Mater. 2009, 19, 3271-3278
19. Forster, J. D.; Park, J.-G.; Mittal, M.; Noh, H.; Schreck, C. F.; O'Hern, C. S.; Cao, H.; Furst, E. M.; Dufresne, E. R. Assembly of Optical-Scale Dumbbells into Dense Photonic Crystals ACS Nano 2011, 5, 6695-6700
20. Talapin, D. V.; Shevchenko, E. V.; Murray, C. B.; Kornowski, A.; Förster, S.; Weller, H. CdSe and CdSe/CdS Nanorod Solids J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2004, 126, 12984-12988
21. Yella, A.; Tahir, M. N.; Meuer, S.; Zentel, R.; Berger, R.; Panthöfer, M.; Tremel, W. Synthesis, Characterization, and Hierarchical Organization of Tungsten Oxide Nanorods: Spreading Driven by Marangoni Flow J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2009, 131, 17566-17575
22. Zhang, X.; Iame, T. Perpendicular Superlattice Growth of Hydrophobic Gold Nanorods on Patterned Silicon Substrates via Evaporation-Induced Self-Assembling J. Phys. Chem. C 2009, 113, 5947-5951
23. Deng, T.; Cournoyer, J. R.; Schermerhorn, J. H.; Balch, J.; Du, Y.; Blohm, M. L. Generation and Assembly of Spheroid-like Particles J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2008, 130, 14396-14397
24. Ahmed, S.; Ryan, K. M. Self-Assembly of Vertically Aligned Nanorod Supercrystals Using Highly Oriented Pyrolytic Graphite Nano Lett. 2007, 7, 2480-2485
25. Carbone, L.; Nobile, C.; De Giorgi, M.; Della Sala, F.; Morello, G.; Pompa, P.; Hytch, M.; Snoeck, E.; Fiore, A.; Franchini, I. R. et al. Synthesis and Micrometer-Scale Assembly of Colloidal CdSe/CdS Nanorods Prepared by a Seeded Growth Approach Nano Lett. 2007, 7, 2942-2950
26. Modestino, M. A.; Chan, E. R.; Hexemer, A.; Urban, J. J.; Segalman, R. A. Controlling Nanorod Self-Assembly in Polymer Thin Films Macromolecules 2011, 44, 7364-7371
27. Rivest, J. B.; Swisher, S. L.; Fong, L.-K.; Zheng, H.; Alivisatos, A. P. Assembled Monolayer Nanorod Heterojunctions ACS Nano 2011, 5, 3811-3816
28. Zanella, M.; Gomes, R.; Povia, M.; Giannini, C.; Zhang, Y.; Riskin, A.; Van Bael, M.; Hens, Z.; Manna, L. Self-Assembled Multilayers of Vertically Aligned Semiconductor Nanorods on Device-Scale Areas Adv. Mater. 2011, 23, 2205-2209
29. Singh, A.; Gunning, R. D.; Ahmed, S.; Barrett, C. A.; English, N. J.; Garate, J.-A.; Ryan, K. M. Controlled Semiconductor Nanorod Assembly from Solution: Influence of Concentration, Charge and Solvent Nature J. Mater. Chem. 2012, 22, 1562-1569
30. Baker, J. L.; Widmer-Cooper, A.; Toney, M. F.; Geissler, P. L.; Alivisatos, A. P. Device-Scale Perpendicular Alignment of Colloidal Nanorods Nano Lett. 2010, 10, 195-201
31. Mittal, M.; Niles, R. K.; Furst, E. M. Flow-Directed Assembly of Nanostructured Thin Films from Suspensions of Anisotropic Titania Particles Nanoscale 2010, 2, 2237-2243
32. Barry, E.; Dogic, Z. Entropy Driven Self-Assembly of Nonamphiphilic Colloidal Membranes Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 2010, 107, 10348-10353
33. Kang, C.-C.; Lai, C.-W.; Peng, H.-C.; Shyue, J.-J.; Chou, P.-T. 2D Self-Bundled CdS Nanorods with Micrometer Dimension in the Absence of an External Directing Process ACS Nano 2008, 2, 750-756
34. Daranov, D.; Fiore, A.; van Huis, M.; Giannini, C.; Falqui, A.; Lafont, U.; Zandbergen, H.; Zanella, M.; Cingolani, R.; Manna, L. Assembly of Colloidal Semiconductor Nanorods in Solution by Depletion Attraction Nano Lett. 2010, 10, 743-749
35. Zhao, N.; Liu, K.; Greener, J.; Nie, Z.; Kumacheva, E. Close-Packed Superlattices of Side-by-Side Assembled Au-CdSe Nanorods Nano Lett. 2009, 9, 3077-3081
36. Guerrero-Martínez, A.; Pérez-Juste, J.; Carbó-Argibay, E.; Tardajos, G.; Liz-Marzán, L. M. Gemini-Surfactant-Directed Self-Assembly of Monodisperse Gold Nanorods into Standing Superlattices Angew. Chem. 2009, 121, 9648-9652
37. Singh, A.; Gunning, R. D.; Sanyal, A.; Ryan, K. M. Directing Semiconductor Nanorod Assembly into 1D or 2D Supercrystals by Altering the Surface Charge Chem. Commun. 2010, 46, 7193-7195
38. Hung, A. M.; Konopliv, N. A.; Cha, J. N. Solvent-Based Assembly of CdSe Nanorods in Solution Langmuir 2011, 27, 12322-12328
39. Zanella, M.; Bertoni, G.; Franchini, I. R.; Brescia, R.; Baranov, D.; Manna, L. Assembly of Shape-Controlled Nanocrystals by Depletion Attraction Chem. Commun. 2011, 47, 203-205
40. Ciszek, J. W.; Huang, L.; Wang, Y.; Mirkin, C. A. Kinetically Controlled, Shape-Directed Assembly of Nanorods Small 2008, 4, 206-210
41. Park, S.; Lim, J.-H.; Chung, S.-W.; Mirkin, C. A. Self-Assembly of Mesoscopic Metal-Polymer Amphiphiles Science 2004, 303, 348-351
42. Kuk Lim, J.; Ciszek, J. W.; Huo, F.; Jang, J.-W.; Hwang, S.; Mirkin, C. A. Actuation of Self-Assembled Two-Component Rodlike Nanostructures Nano Lett. 2008, 8, 4441-4445
43. Ciszek, J. W.; Huang, L.; Tsonchev, S.; Wang, Y.; Shull, K. R.; Ratner, M. A.; Schatz, G. C.; Mirkin, C. A. Assembly of Nanorods into Designer Superstructures: The Role of Templating, Capillary Forces, Adhesion, and Polymer Hydration ACS Nano 2010, 4, 259-266
44. Ou, F. S.; Shaijumon, M. M.; Ajayan, P. M. Controlled Manipulation of Giant Hybrid Inorganic Nanowire Assemblies Nano Lett. 2008, 8, 1853-1857
45. Duran, H.; Hartmann-Azanza, B.; Steinhart, M.; Gehrig, D.; Laquai, F.; Feng, X.; Müllen, K.; Butt, H.-J.; Floudas, G. Arrays of Aligned Supramolecular Wires by Macroscopic Orientation of Columnar Discotic Mesophases ACS Nano 2012, 6, 9359-9365
46. Kelzenberg, M. D.; Boettcher, S. W.; Petykiewicz, J. A.; Turner-Evans, D. B.; Putnam, M. C.; Warren, E. L.; Spurgeon, J. M.; Briggs, R. M.; Lewis, N. S.; Atwater, H. A. Enhanced Absorption and Carrier Collection in Si Wire Arrays for Photovoltaic Applications Nat. Mater. 2010, 9, 239-244
47. Fan, Z.; Razavi, H.; Do, J.-W.; Moriwaki, A.; Ergen, O.; Chueh, Y.-L.; Leu, P. W.; Ho, J. C.; Takahashi, T.; Reichertz, L. A. et al. Three-Dimensional Nanopillar-Array Photovoltaics on Low-Cost and Flexible Substrates Nat. Mater. 2009, 8, 648-653
48. Kapadia, R.; Fan, Z.; Takei, K.; Javey, A. Nanopillar Photovoltaics: Materials, Processes, and Devices Nano Energy 2011, 1, 132-144
49. Triplett, D. A.; Quimby, L. M.; Smith, B. D.; Rodríguez, D. H.; St. Angelo, S. K.; González, P.; Keating, C. D.; Fichthorn, K. A. Assembly of Gold Nanowires by Sedimentation from Suspension: Experiments and Simulation J. Phys. Chem. C 2010, 114, 7346-7355
50. Smith, B. D.; Kirby, D. J.; Keating, C. D. Vertical Arrays of Anisotropic Particles by Gravity-Driven Self-Assembly Small 2011, 7, 781-787
51. Nicewarner-Peña, S. R.; Freeman, R. G.; Reiss, B. D.; He, L.; Peña, D. J.; Walton, I. D.; Cromer, R.; Keating, C. D.; Natan, M. J. Submicrometer Metallic Barcodes Science 2001, 294, 137-141
52. Keating, C. D.; Natan, M. J. Striped Metal Nanowires as Building Blocks and Optical Tags Adv. Mater. 2003, 15, 451-454
53. Almalawi, D.; Liu, C. Z.; Moskovits, M. Nanowires Formed in Anodic Oxide Nanotemplates J. Mater. Res. 1994, 7, 1075-1087
54. Hulteen, J. C.; Martin, C. R. A General Template-Based Method for the Preparation of Nanomaterials J. Mater. Chem. 1997, 7, 1075-1087
55. Sioss, J. A.; Keating, C. D. Batch Preparation of Linear Au and Ag Nanoparticle Chains via Wet Chemistry Nano Lett. 2005, 5, 1779-1783
56. Brinker, C. J.; Scherer, G. W. Sol-Gel Science: The Physics and Chemistry of Sol-Gel Processing; Academic Press, Inc.: Boston, MA, 1990.
57. 2 Core-Shell Nanostructures Nanoscale Res. Lett. 2011, 6, 169
58. Ryu, D. H.; Kim, S. C.; Koo, S. M.; Kim, D. P. Deposition of Titania Nanoparticles on Spherical Silica J. Sol-Gel Sci. Technol. 2003, 26, 489-493
59. Caruso, F.; Schüler, C. Enzyme Multilayers on Colloid Particles: Assembly, Stability, and Enzymatic Activity Langmuir 2000, 16, 9595-9603
60. Shchukina, E. M.; Shchukin, D. G. LbL Coated Microcapsules for Delivering Lipid-Based Drugs Adv. Drug Delivery Rev. 2011, 63, 837-846
61. Vergaro, V.; Scarlino, F.; Bellomo, C.; Rinaldi, R.; Vergara, D.; Maffia, M.; Baldassarre, F.; Giannelli, G.; Zhang, X.; Lvov, Y. M. et al. Drug-Loaded Polyelectrolyte Microcapsules for Sustained Targeting of Cancer Cells Adv. Drug Delivery Rev. 2011, 63, 847-864
62. Dean, S. L.; Stapleton, J. J.; Keating, C. D. Organically Modified Silicas on Metal Nanowires Langmuir 2010, 26, 14681-14870
63. Mackenzie, J. D.; Bescher, E. P. Chemical Routes in the Synthesis of Nanomaterials Using the Sol-Gel Process Acc. Chem. Res. 2007, 40, 810-818
64. Walcarius, A.; Collinson, M. M. Analytical Chemistry with Silica Sol-Gels: Traditional Routes to New Materials for Chemical Analysis Annu. Rev. Anal. Chem. 2009, 2, 121-143
65. Hillier, A. C.; Kim, S.; Bard, A. J. Measurement of Double-Layer Forces at the Electrode/Electrolyte Interface Using the Atomic Force Microscope: Potential and Anion Dependent Interactions J. Phys. Chem. 1996, 100, 18808-18817
66. Bargeman, D.; van Voorst Vader, F. van der Waals Forces between Immersed Particles J. Electroanal. Chem. Interfacial Electrochem. 1972, 37, 45-52