메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 41, Issue , 2013, Pages 42-65

The happiness factor in tourism: Subjective well-being and social tourism

Author keywords

Happiness; Holidays; Quality of life; Social tourism; Subjective well being

Indexed keywords

LOW INCOME POPULATION; PSYCHOLOGY; QUALITY OF LIFE; TOURISM;

EID: 84872713814     PISSN: 01607383     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.annals.2012.12.001     Document Type: Article
Times cited : (413)

References (74)
  • 1
    • 0039918328 scopus 로고
    • Social indicators of perceived life quality
    • Andrews F.M. Social indicators of perceived life quality. Social Indicators Research 1974, 1:279-299.
    • (1974) Social Indicators Research , vol.1 , pp. 279-299
    • Andrews, F.M.1
  • 2
    • 84872690563 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The psychological benefits of visiting natural environments: Differential effects of coast, countryside & urban open space on positive affect
    • London, Thursday 19th April, 2012.
    • Ashbulby, K., White, M., Pahl, S., & Depledge, M. (2012). The psychological benefits of visiting natural environments: Differential effects of coast, countryside & urban open space on positive affect. Poster presented at the British Psychological Society Annual Conference, London, Thursday 19th April, 2012.
    • (2012) Poster presented at the British Psychological Society Annual Conference
    • Ashbulby, K.1    White, M.2    Pahl, S.3    Depledge, M.4
  • 3
    • 84858704588 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Satisfaction with life scale (SWLS) in caregivers of clinically-referred youth: Psychometric properties and mediation analysis
    • Athay M.M. Satisfaction with life scale (SWLS) in caregivers of clinically-referred youth: Psychometric properties and mediation analysis. Administration and Policy in Mental Health 2012, 39:41-50.
    • (2012) Administration and Policy in Mental Health , vol.39 , pp. 41-50
    • Athay, M.M.1
  • 4
    • 33646916247 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The subjective well-being of the homeless and lessons for happiness
    • Biswar-Diener R., Diener E. The subjective well-being of the homeless and lessons for happiness. Social Indicators Research 2006, 76(2):185-205.
    • (2006) Social Indicators Research , vol.76 , Issue.2 , pp. 185-205
    • Biswar-Diener, R.1    Diener, E.2
  • 6
    • 84985208667 scopus 로고
    • A four-factor model of perceived control: Avoiding, coping, obtaining, and savoring
    • Bryant F.B. A four-factor model of perceived control: Avoiding, coping, obtaining, and savoring. Journal of Personality 1989, 57(4):773-797.
    • (1989) Journal of Personality , vol.57 , Issue.4 , pp. 773-797
    • Bryant, F.B.1
  • 7
    • 84873524059 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A model of intrinsic and extrinsic motivations on subjective well-being: The experience of overnight visitors to a national park
    • Cini F., Kruger S., Ellis S. A model of intrinsic and extrinsic motivations on subjective well-being: The experience of overnight visitors to a national park. Applied Research Quality of Life 2012, 10.1007/s11482-012-9173-y.
    • (2012) Applied Research Quality of Life
    • Cini, F.1    Kruger, S.2    Ellis, S.3
  • 9
    • 33847565494 scopus 로고
    • Motivations for pleasure vacations
    • Crompton J. Motivations for pleasure vacations. Annals of Tourism Research 1979, 6(4):408-424.
    • (1979) Annals of Tourism Research , vol.6 , Issue.4 , pp. 408-424
    • Crompton, J.1
  • 11
    • 84858357005 scopus 로고
    • Tourist satisfaction: A highly complex variable
    • Dann G.M.S. Tourist satisfaction: A highly complex variable. Annals of Tourism Research 1979, 4:110-113.
    • (1979) Annals of Tourism Research , vol.4 , pp. 110-113
    • Dann, G.M.S.1
  • 12
    • 0004648917 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Senior tourism and quality of life
    • Dann G.M.S. Senior tourism and quality of life. Annals of Tourism Research 2001, 28:235-238.
    • (2001) Annals of Tourism Research , vol.28 , pp. 235-238
    • Dann, G.M.S.1
  • 13
    • 84949113445 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Tourist motivation and quality-of-life: In search of the missing link
    • Springer, Dordrecht, M. Uysal, R.R. Perdue, J.M. Sirgy (Eds.)
    • Dann G.M.S. Tourist motivation and quality-of-life: In search of the missing link. The handbook of tourism and quality of life research 2012, 233-250. Springer, Dordrecht. M. Uysal, R.R. Perdue, J.M. Sirgy (Eds.).
    • (2012) The handbook of tourism and quality of life research , pp. 233-250
    • Dann, G.M.S.1
  • 14
    • 84876836655 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Vacation (after-) effects on employee health and well-being, and the role of vacation activities, experiences and sleep
    • De Bloom J., Guerts S.A.E., Kompier M.A.J. Vacation (after-) effects on employee health and well-being, and the role of vacation activities, experiences and sleep. Journal of Happiness Studies 2012, 10.1007/s10902-012-9345-3.
    • (2012) Journal of Happiness Studies
    • De Bloom, J.1    Guerts, S.A.E.2    Kompier, M.A.J.3
  • 15
    • 80052446074 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Rethinking social impacts of tourism research: A new research agenda
    • Deery M., Jago L., Fredline L. Rethinking social impacts of tourism research: A new research agenda. Tourism Management 2012, 33:64-73.
    • (2012) Tourism Management , vol.33 , pp. 64-73
    • Deery, M.1    Jago, L.2    Fredline, L.3
  • 16
    • 0021419897 scopus 로고
    • Subjective well-being
    • Diener E. Subjective well-being. Psychological Bulletin 1984, 95:542-575.
    • (1984) Psychological Bulletin , vol.95 , pp. 542-575
    • Diener, E.1
  • 18
    • 0002601010 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Measuring quality of life: Economic, social, and subjective indicators
    • Diener E., Suh E. Measuring quality of life: Economic, social, and subjective indicators. Social Indicators Research 1997, 40:189-216.
    • (1997) Social Indicators Research , vol.40 , pp. 189-216
    • Diener, E.1    Suh, E.2
  • 19
    • 84875814315 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Quality of life and tourism: A conceptual framework and novel segmentation base
    • Dolnicar S., Lazarevski K., Yanamandram V. Quality of life and tourism: A conceptual framework and novel segmentation base. Journal of Business Research 2011, 10.1016/j.jbusres.2011.09.010.
    • (2011) Journal of Business Research
    • Dolnicar, S.1    Lazarevski, K.2    Yanamandram, V.3
  • 21
    • 84899146282 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Moving beyond subjective well-being: A tourism critique
    • Filep S. Moving beyond subjective well-being: A tourism critique. Journal of Hospitality and Tourism Research 2012, 10.1177/1096348012436609.
    • (2012) Journal of Hospitality and Tourism Research
    • Filep, S.1
  • 23
    • 84872729265 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Tourist consumption behavior and quality-of-life
    • Springer, Dordrecht, M. Uysal, R.R. Perdue, J.M. Sirgy (Eds.)
    • Genç R. Tourist consumption behavior and quality-of-life. The handbook of tourism and quality of life research 2012, 135-148. Springer, Dordrecht. M. Uysal, R.R. Perdue, J.M. Sirgy (Eds.).
    • (2012) The handbook of tourism and quality of life research , pp. 135-148
    • Genç, R.1
  • 24
    • 1442289487 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Holidaytaking and the sense of well-being
    • Gilbert D., Abdullah J. Holidaytaking and the sense of well-being. Annals of Tourism Research 2004, 31(1):103-121.
    • (2004) Annals of Tourism Research , vol.31 , Issue.1 , pp. 103-121
    • Gilbert, D.1    Abdullah, J.2
  • 25
    • 79959247850 scopus 로고
    • Social tourism: Current dimensions of future developments
    • Haulot A. Social tourism: Current dimensions of future developments. Journal of Travel Research 1982, 20(3):207-212.
    • (1982) Journal of Travel Research , vol.20 , Issue.3 , pp. 207-212
    • Haulot, A.1
  • 26
    • 84862541722 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The Earth Institute, Columbia University, J. Helliwell, R. Layard, J. Sachs (Eds.)
    • World happiness report 2012, The Earth Institute, Columbia University. J. Helliwell, R. Layard, J. Sachs (Eds.).
    • (2012) World happiness report
  • 28
    • 33746342115 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • More than an ''Industry'': The forgotten power of tourism as a social force
    • Higgins-Desboilles F. More than an ''Industry'': The forgotten power of tourism as a social force. Tourism Management 2006, 27:1192-1208.
    • (2006) Tourism Management , vol.27 , pp. 1192-1208
    • Higgins-Desboilles, F.1
  • 29
    • 79956155476 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Experiences, perspectives, and meanings of family vacations for children
    • Hilbrecht M., Shaw S.M., Delamere F.M., Havitz M.E. Experiences, perspectives, and meanings of family vacations for children. Leisure/Loisir 2008, 32(2):541-571.
    • (2008) Leisure/Loisir , vol.32 , Issue.2 , pp. 541-571
    • Hilbrecht, M.1    Shaw, S.M.2    Delamere, F.M.3    Havitz, M.E.4
  • 30
    • 84937306550 scopus 로고
    • Tourism, health and quality of life: Challenging the responsibility of using the traditional tenets of sun, sea, sand, and sex in tourism marketing
    • Hobson J., Dietrich U. Tourism, health and quality of life: Challenging the responsibility of using the traditional tenets of sun, sea, sand, and sex in tourism marketing. Journal of Travel and Tourism Marketing 1994, 3:21-38.
    • (1994) Journal of Travel and Tourism Marketing , vol.3 , pp. 21-38
    • Hobson, J.1    Dietrich, U.2
  • 31
    • 1142281096 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Young people, holiday taking and cancer: An exploratory analysis
    • Hunter-Jones P. Young people, holiday taking and cancer: An exploratory analysis. Tourism Management 2004, 25:249-258.
    • (2004) Tourism Management , vol.25 , pp. 249-258
    • Hunter-Jones, P.1
  • 32
    • 84872730880 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The University of Essex, Essex, Institute for Social and Economic Research
    • Institute for Social and Economic Research British household panel survey, wave 18 2009, The University of Essex, Essex.
    • (2009) British household panel survey, wave 18
  • 33
    • 0036965839 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Well-being: Concepts and measures
    • Kahn R.L., Juster F.T. Well-being: Concepts and measures. Journal of Social Issues 2002, 58(4):627-644.
    • (2002) Journal of Social Issues , vol.58 , Issue.4 , pp. 627-644
    • Kahn, R.L.1    Juster, F.T.2
  • 34
    • 0000891213 scopus 로고
    • The restorative benefits of nature: Towards an integrative framework
    • Kaplan S. The restorative benefits of nature: Towards an integrative framework. Journal of Environmental Psychology 1995, 15:169-182.
    • (1995) Journal of Environmental Psychology , vol.15 , pp. 169-182
    • Kaplan, S.1
  • 36
    • 33745109002 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Subjective well-being in mental health and human development research worldwide: An introduction
    • Keyes C.L.M. Subjective well-being in mental health and human development research worldwide: An introduction. Social Indicators Research 2006, 77:1-10.
    • (2006) Social Indicators Research , vol.77 , pp. 1-10
    • Keyes, C.L.M.1
  • 39
    • 0033918350 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Geographical consciousness and tourism experience
    • Li Y. Geographical consciousness and tourism experience. Annals of Tourism Research 2000, 27(4):863-883.
    • (2000) Annals of Tourism Research , vol.27 , Issue.4 , pp. 863-883
    • Li, Y.1
  • 40
    • 77949377190 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The benefits of physically active leisure for people with disabilities: An Australian perspective
    • Lord E., Patterson I. The benefits of physically active leisure for people with disabilities: An Australian perspective. Annals of Leisure Research 2008, 11(1/2):123-144.
    • (2008) Annals of Leisure Research , vol.11 , Issue.1-2 , pp. 123-144
    • Lord, E.1    Patterson, I.2
  • 41
    • 0032970693 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A measure of subjective happiness: Preliminary reliability and construct validation
    • Lyubomirsky S., Lepper H.S. A measure of subjective happiness: Preliminary reliability and construct validation. Social Indicators Research 1999, 46:137-155.
    • (1999) Social Indicators Research , vol.46 , pp. 137-155
    • Lyubomirsky, S.1    Lepper, H.S.2
  • 43
    • 70350780565 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • 'Who needs a holiday?' Evaluating social tourism
    • McCabe S. 'Who needs a holiday?' Evaluating social tourism. Annals of Tourism Research 2009, 36(4):667-688.
    • (2009) Annals of Tourism Research , vol.36 , Issue.4 , pp. 667-688
    • McCabe, S.1
  • 44
    • 78349257433 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Understanding the benefits of social tourism: Linking participation to subjective well-being and quality of life
    • McCabe S., Joldersma T., Li C. Understanding the benefits of social tourism: Linking participation to subjective well-being and quality of life. International Journal of Tourism Research 2010, 12(6):761-773.
    • (2010) International Journal of Tourism Research , vol.12 , Issue.6 , pp. 761-773
    • McCabe, S.1    Joldersma, T.2    Li, C.3
  • 45
    • 0022790936 scopus 로고
    • Constraints to participation in outdoor recreation across the life span: A nationwide study of limitors and prohibitors
    • McGuire F.A., Dottavio D., O'Leary J.T. Constraints to participation in outdoor recreation across the life span: A nationwide study of limitors and prohibitors. The Gerontologist 1986, 26:538-544.
    • (1986) The Gerontologist , vol.26 , pp. 538-544
    • McGuire, F.A.1    Dottavio, D.2    O'Leary, J.T.3
  • 46
    • 84857800400 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A theoretical journey along the borders between welfare and well-being: Economic aspects based on observations in Hungary
    • Michalkò G., Ratz T., Bakucz M. A theoretical journey along the borders between welfare and well-being: Economic aspects based on observations in Hungary. Megatrend Review 2010, 7(1):231-248.
    • (2010) Megatrend Review , vol.7 , Issue.1 , pp. 231-248
    • Michalkò, G.1    Ratz, T.2    Bakucz, M.3
  • 47
    • 64049096001 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Tourism and social policy: The value of social tourism
    • Minnaert L., Maitland R., Miller G. Tourism and social policy: The value of social tourism. Annals of Tourism Research 2009, 36(2):316-334.
    • (2009) Annals of Tourism Research , vol.36 , Issue.2 , pp. 316-334
    • Minnaert, L.1    Maitland, R.2    Miller, G.3
  • 48
    • 79959202592 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Social tourism for low-income groups: Benefits in a UK and Irish context
    • CABI, Wallingford, S. Cole, N. Morgan (Eds.)
    • Minnaert L., Quinn B., Griffen K., Stacey J. Social tourism for low-income groups: Benefits in a UK and Irish context. Tourism and inequality 2010, 126-143. CABI, Wallingford. S. Cole, N. Morgan (Eds.).
    • (2010) Tourism and inequality , pp. 126-143
    • Minnaert, L.1    Quinn, B.2    Griffen, K.3    Stacey, J.4
  • 49
    • 84872730208 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Tourism as a form of social intervention: The holiday participation centre in Flanders
    • Minnaert L., Schapmans M. Tourism as a form of social intervention: The holiday participation centre in Flanders. Journal of Social Intervention: Theory and Practice 2009, 18(3):42-61.
    • (2009) Journal of Social Intervention: Theory and Practice , vol.18 , Issue.3 , pp. 42-61
    • Minnaert, L.1    Schapmans, M.2
  • 50
    • 84990352337 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Determinants of daily happiness on vacation
    • Nawijn J. Determinants of daily happiness on vacation. Journal of Travel Research 2011, 50(5):559-566.
    • (2011) Journal of Travel Research , vol.50 , Issue.5 , pp. 559-566
    • Nawijn, J.1
  • 52
    • 0033095644 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The role of satisfaction with leisure travel/tourism services and expenditure in satisfaction with leisure life and overall life
    • Neal J.D., Sirgy M.J., Uysal M. The role of satisfaction with leisure travel/tourism services and expenditure in satisfaction with leisure life and overall life. Journal of Business Research 1999, 44:153-163.
    • (1999) Journal of Business Research , vol.44 , pp. 153-163
    • Neal, J.D.1    Sirgy, M.J.2    Uysal, M.3
  • 53
    • 35348896297 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Measuring the effect of tourism services on travelers' quality of life: Further validation
    • Neal J.D., Sirgy M.J., Uysal M. Measuring the effect of tourism services on travelers' quality of life: Further validation. Social Indicators Research 2004, 69:243-277.
    • (2004) Social Indicators Research , vol.69 , pp. 243-277
    • Neal, J.D.1    Sirgy, M.J.2    Uysal, M.3
  • 54
    • 35348898937 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The effect of tourism services on travelers' quality of life
    • Neal J.D., Uysal M., Sirgy M.J. The effect of tourism services on travelers' quality of life. Journal of Travel Research 2007, 46:154-163.
    • (2007) Journal of Travel Research , vol.46 , pp. 154-163
    • Neal, J.D.1    Uysal, M.2    Sirgy, M.J.3
  • 56
    • 84857577437 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Office for National Statistics, London, Office for National Statistics
    • Office for National Statistics Measuring national well-being 2011, Office for National Statistics, London.
    • (2011) Measuring national well-being
  • 57
    • 84872717354 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development (March 28). Compendium of OECD well-being indicators. Retrieved from
    • Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development (2012, March 28). Compendium of OECD well-being indicators. Retrieved from http://www.oecd.org/document/28/0,3746,en_2649_201185_47916764_1_1_1_1,00.html.
    • (2012)
  • 59
    • 13244278352 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Developing the travel career approach to tourist motivation
    • Pearce P.L., Lee U.-I. Developing the travel career approach to tourist motivation. Journal of Travel Research 2005, 43:226-237.
    • (2005) Journal of Travel Research , vol.43 , pp. 226-237
    • Pearce, P.L.1    Lee, U.-I.2
  • 60
    • 84872733114 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Does well-being depend upon our choice of measurement
    • In Abstracts of the 2007 BHPS conference: 5th-7th July 2007. University of Essex, Colchester: Institute of Social and Economic Research.
    • Peasgood, T. (2007). Does well-being depend upon our choice of measurement. In Abstracts of the 2007 BHPS conference: 5th-7th July 2007 (pp. 20-21). University of Essex, Colchester: Institute of Social and Economic Research.
    • (2007) , pp. 20-21
    • Peasgood, T.1
  • 62
    • 0037271203 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Child well-being: A systematic review of the literature
    • Pollard E.L., Lee P.D. Child well-being: A systematic review of the literature. Social Indicators Research 2003, 61(1):59-78.
    • (2003) Social Indicators Research , vol.61 , Issue.1 , pp. 59-78
    • Pollard, E.L.1    Lee, P.D.2
  • 63
    • 84872688876 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • An analysis of tourism QOL domains from the demand side
    • Springer, Dordrecht, M. Uysal, R.R. Perdue, J.M. Sirgy (Eds.)
    • Puczkó L., Smith M. An analysis of tourism QOL domains from the demand side. The handbook of tourism and quality of life research 2012, 263-278. Springer, Dordrecht. M. Uysal, R.R. Perdue, J.M. Sirgy (Eds.).
    • (2012) The handbook of tourism and quality of life research , pp. 263-278
    • Puczkó, L.1    Smith, M.2
  • 64
    • 0033096003 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Vacations and the quality of life: Patterns and structures
    • Richards G. Vacations and the quality of life: Patterns and structures. Journal of Business Research 1999, 44:189-198.
    • (1999) Journal of Business Research , vol.44 , pp. 189-198
    • Richards, G.1
  • 65
    • 84872732205 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Royal College of Psychiatrists. No health without public mental health: The case for action. Position Statement PS4/2010, London: Royal College of Psychiatrists.
    • Royal College of Psychiatrists. (2010). No health without public mental health: The case for action. Position Statement PS4/2010, London: Royal College of Psychiatrists.
    • (2010)
  • 66
    • 0035221425 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • On happiness and human potentials: A review of research on hedonic and eudemonic well-being
    • Annual Reviews Inc, Paolo Alto, California, S. Fiske (Ed.)
    • Ryan R., Deci E. On happiness and human potentials: A review of research on hedonic and eudemonic well-being. Annual review of psychology 2001, Annual Reviews Inc, Paolo Alto, California. S. Fiske (Ed.).
    • (2001) Annual review of psychology
    • Ryan, R.1    Deci, E.2
  • 67
    • 0001629153 scopus 로고
    • Happiness is everything, or is it? Explorations on the meaning of psychological well-being
    • Ryff C.D. Happiness is everything, or is it? Explorations on the meaning of psychological well-being. Journal of Personality & Social Psychology 1989, 57:1069-1081.
    • (1989) Journal of Personality & Social Psychology , vol.57 , pp. 1069-1081
    • Ryff, C.D.1
  • 68
    • 26844506322 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Building and testing theories of decision-making by travelers
    • Sirakaya E., Woodside A.G. Building and testing theories of decision-making by travelers. Tourism Management 2005, 26(5):815-832.
    • (2005) Tourism Management , vol.26 , Issue.5 , pp. 815-832
    • Sirakaya, E.1    Woodside, A.G.2
  • 69
    • 77953163748 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Toward a quality-of-life theory of leisure travel satisfaction
    • Sirgy M. Toward a quality-of-life theory of leisure travel satisfaction. Journal of Travel Research 2010, 49:246-260.
    • (2010) Journal of Travel Research , vol.49 , pp. 246-260
    • Sirgy, M.1
  • 70
    • 31544455036 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Meaning in life questionnaire: Assessing the presence of and search for meaning in life
    • Steger M.F., Frazier P., Kaler M., Oishi S. Meaning in life questionnaire: Assessing the presence of and search for meaning in life. Journal of Counseling Psychology 2006, 53(1):80-93.
    • (2006) Journal of Counseling Psychology , vol.53 , Issue.1 , pp. 80-93
    • Steger, M.F.1    Frazier, P.2    Kaler, M.3    Oishi, S.4
  • 71
    • 0032526912 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The World Health Organization quality of life assessment (WHOQOL): Development and general psychometric properties
    • The World Health Organisation Quality of Life Group
    • The World Health Organisation Quality of Life Group The World Health Organization quality of life assessment (WHOQOL): Development and general psychometric properties. Social Science and Medicine 1998, 46(12):1569-1585.
    • (1998) Social Science and Medicine , vol.46 , Issue.12 , pp. 1569-1585
  • 74
    • 0002755267 scopus 로고
    • Questions on happiness: Classical topics, modern answers, blind spots
    • Pergammon Press, Oxford, F. Strack, M. Argyle, N. Schwarz (Eds.)
    • Veenhoven R. Questions on happiness: Classical topics, modern answers, blind spots. Subjective well-being: An interdisciplinary perspective 1991, 7-26. Pergammon Press, Oxford. F. Strack, M. Argyle, N. Schwarz (Eds.).
    • (1991) Subjective well-being: An interdisciplinary perspective , pp. 7-26
    • Veenhoven, R.1


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.