Intergenerational Transfers to Adult Children in Europe: Do Social Policies Matter?

Journal of Marriage and Family

Volumn 75, Issue 1, 2013, Pages 235-251

  Brandt, Martina ^a   Deindl, Christian ^b  

^a MAX PLANCK INSTITUTE FOR SOCIAL LAW AND SOCIAL POLICY   (Germany)

^b UNIVERSITY OF COLOGNE   (Germany)

Author keywords

aging; family policy; intergenerational transfers; multilevel models; parent child relations; social context

Indexed keywords

EID: 84872591367     PISSN: 00222445     EISSN: 17413737     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1111/j.1741-3737.2012.01028.x     Document Type: Article

References (66)

1. Albertini, M., Kohli, M., & Vogel, C. (2007). Intergenerational transfers of time and money in European families: Common patterns-different regimes? Journal of European Social Policy, 17, 319-334. DOI: 10.1177/0958928707081068
2. Aldous, J. (1985). Parent-adult child relations as affected by the grandparent status. In V. L. Bengtson & J. Robertson (Eds.), Grandparenthood (pp. 117-132). Beverly Hills, CA: Sage.
3. Antonucci, T. C., & Jackson, J. S. (1990). The role of reciprocity in social support. In B. R. Sarason, I. G. Sarason, & G. R. Pierce (Eds.), Social support: An international view (pp. 173-198). New York: Wiley.
4. Arber, S., & Attias-Donfut, C. (Eds.). (2000). The myth of generational conflict. The family and state in ageing societies London: Routledge.
5. Attias-Donfut, C., Ogg, J., & Wolff, F.-C. (2005). European patterns of intergenerational financial and time transfers. European Journal of Ageing, 2, 161-173. DOI: 10.1007/s10433-005-0008-7
6. Attias-Donfut, C., & Wolff, F.-C. (2000). Complementarity between private and public transfers. In S. Arber & C. Attias-Donfut (Eds.), The myth of generational conflict: The family and state in ageing societies (pp. 47-68). London: Routledge.
7. Avramov, D., & Maskova, M. (2003). Active ageing in Europe-Volume 1. Population Studies Series No. 41. Strasbourg, France: Council of Europe.
8. Bengtson, V. L., & Roberts, R. E. (1991). Intergenerational solidarity in aging families: An example of formal theory construction. Journal of Marriage and the Family, 53, 856-870. DOI: 10.2307/352993
9. Bernheim, B. D., Shleifer, A., & Summers, L. H. (1985). The strategic bequest motive. Journal of Political Economy, 93, 1045-1076. DOI: 10.1086/261351
10. Bonsang, E. (2007). How do middle-aged children allocate time and money transfers to their older parents in Europe? Empirica, 34, 171-188. DOI: 10.1007/s10663-007-9034-3
11. Björnberg, U., & Latta, M. (2007). The roles of the family and the welfare state. The relationship between public and private financial support in Sweden. Current Sociology, 55, 415-445. DOI: 10.1177/0011392107076083
12. Börsch-Supan, A., Brugiavini, A., Jürges, H., Kapteyn, A., Mackenbach, J., Siegrist, J., & Weber, G. (Eds.). (2008). Health, ageing and retirement in Europe (2004-2007). Starting the longitudinal dimension. Mannheim, Germany: Mannheim Research Institute for the Economics of Aging.
13. Börsch-Supan, A., & Jürges, H. (Eds.). (2005). The Survey of Health, Ageing and Retirement in Europe-Methodology. Mannheim, Germany: Mannheim Research Institute for the Economics of Aging.
14. Brandt, M., Haberkern, K., & Szydlik, M. (2009). Intergenerational help and care in Europe. European Sociological Review, 25, 585-601. DOI: 10.1093/esr/jcn076
15. Cooney, T., & Uhlenberg, P. (1992). Support from parents over the life course: The adult child's perspective. Social Forces, 71, 63-84. DOI: 10.1093/sf/71.1.63
16. Daatland, S. O. (1990). What are families for? On family solidarity and preference for help. Ageing & Society, 10, 1-15. DOI: 10.1017/S0144686X00007820
17. Daatland, S. O., & Herlofson, K. (2003). Families and welfare states: Substitution or complementarity. In A. Lowenstein & J. Ogg (Eds.), OASIS: Old age and autonomy-the role of service systems and intergenerational family solidarity. The final report (pp. 281-305). Haifa, Israel: University of Haifa.
18. Daatland, S. O., & Lowenstein, A. (2005). Intergenerational solidarity and the family-welfare state balance. European Journal of Ageing, 2, 174-182. DOI: 10.1007/s10433-005-0001-1
19. Deindl, C., & Brandt, M. (2011). Financial support and practical help between older parents and their middle-aged children in Europe. Ageing & Society, 31, 642-662. DOI: 10.1017/S0144686X10001212
20. Dykstra, P., & Fokkema, T. (2011). Relationships between parents and their adult children: A West European typology of late-life families. Ageing and Society, 31, 545-569. DOI: 10.1017/S0144686X10001108
21. Eggebeen, D. J. (1992). Family structure and intergenerational exchanges. Research on Aging, 14, 427-447. DOI: 10.1177/0164027592144001
22. Esping-Andersen, G. (1999). Social foundations of postindustrial economies Oxford, UK: Oxford University Press.
23. Evandrou, M., Glaser, K., & Henz, U. (2002). Multiple role occupancy in midlife: Balancing work and family life in Britain. Gerontologist, 42, 781-789. DOI: 10.1093/geront/42.6.781
24. Ferrera, M. (1996). The "southern model" of welfare in social Europe. Journal of European Social Policy, 17, 17-37. DOI: 10.1177/095892879600600102
25. Fries, J. F. (2000). Compression of morbidity in the elderly. Vaccine, 18, 1584-1589. DOI: 10.1016/S0264-410X(99)00490-9
26. Grundy, E. (2005). Reciprocity in relationships: Socio-economic and health influences on intergenerational exchanges between third age parents and their adult children in Great Britain. British Journal of Sociology, 56, 233-255. DOI: 10.1111/j.1468-4446.2005.00057.x
27. Haberkern, K., & Szydlik, M. (2010). State care provision, societal opinion and children's care of older parents in 11 European countries, Ageing & Society, 30, 299-323. DOI: 10.1017/S0144686X09990316
28. Hank, K. (2007). Proximity and contacts between older parents and their children: A European comparison. Journal of Marriage and Family, 69, 157-173. DOI: 10.1111/j.1741-3737.2006.00351.x
29. Hank, K. (2011). How "successful" do older Europeans age? Findings from SHARE. Journal of Gerontology: Social Sciences, 66B, 230-236. DOI: 10.1093/geronb/gbq089
30. Hank, K., & Buber, I. (2009). Grandparents caring for their grandchildren. Findings from the 2004 Survey of Health, Ageing and Retirement in Europe. Journal of Family Issues, 30, 53-73. DOI: 10.1177/0192513X08322627
31. Hogan, D., Eggebeen, D. J., & Clogg, C. (1993). The structure of intergenerational exchanges in American families. American Journal of Sociology, 98, 1428-1458. DOI: 10.1086/230194
32. Hox, J. J. (2002). Multilevel analysis: Techniques and applications Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum. DOI: 10.1111/j.1751-5823.2011.00159_11.x
33. Igel, C., Brandt, M., Haberkern, K., & Szydlik, M. (2009). Specialization between family and state. Intergenerational time transfers in Western Europe. Journal of Comparative Family Studies, 40, 203-227. DOI: 10.5167/uzh-23385
34. Igel, C., & Szydlik, M. (2011). Grandchild care and welfare state arrangements in Europe. Journal of European Social Policy, 21, 210-224.
35. Ingersoll-Dayton, B., Neal, M., & Hammer, L. (2001). Aging parents helping adult children: The experience of the sandwiched generation. Family Relations, 50, 262-271. DOI: 10.1111/j.1741-3729.2001.00262.x
36. Isengard, B., & Szydlik, M. (2012). Living apart (or) together? Coresidence of elderly parents and their adult children in Europe. Research on Aging, 34, 449-474. DOI: 10.1177/0164027511428455.
37. Johansson, L., Sundström, G., & Hassing, L. B. (2003). State provision down, offspring's up: The reverse substitution of old-age care in Sweden. Ageing and Society, 23, 269-280.
38. Juarez, L. (2009). Crowding out of private support to the elderly: Evidence from a demogrant in Mexico. Journal of Public Economics, 93, 454-463. DOI: 10.1016/j.jpubeco.2008.10.002
39. Kohli, M. (1999). Private and public transfers between generations: Linking the family and the state. European Societies, 1, 81-104.
40. Kohli, M., & Künemund, H. (2003). Intergenerational transfers in the family: What motivates giving? In V. L. Bengtson & A. Lowenstein (Eds.), Global aging and challenges to families (pp. 123-142). Hawthorne, NY: Aldine de Gruyter.
41. Künemund, H., & Rein, M. (1999). There is more to receiving than needing: Theoretical arguments and empirical explorations of crowding in and crowding out. Ageing and Society, 19, 93-121.
42. Leopold, T., & Raab, M. (2011). Short-term reciprocity in late parent-child relationships. Journal of Marriage and Family, 73, 105-119. DOI: 10.1111/j.1741-3737.2010.00792.x
43. Lingsom, S. (1997). The substitution issue. Care policies and their consequences for family care. Oslo: Norwegian Social Research.
44. Litwak, E. (1985). Helping the elderly: Complementary roles of informal networks and formal systems New York: Guilford Press.
45. Litwak, E., Silverstein, M., Bengtson, V. L., & Wilson Hirst, Y. (2003). Theories about families, organizations and social supports. In V. L. Bengtson & A. Lowenstein (Eds.), Global aging and challenges to families (pp. 27-53). New York: Aldine de Gruyter.
46. Lüth, E. (2001). Private intergenerational transfers and population aging. The German case Heidelberg, Germany: Physica-Verlag.
47. Martin-Matthews, A., & Campbell, L. D. (1995). Gender roles, employment and informal care. S. Arber & J. Ginn (Eds.), Connecting gender and ageing-A sociological approach (pp. 129-143). Buckingham, UK: Open University Press.
48. Matthews, S. H., & Rosner, T. T. (1988). Shared filial responsibility: The family as the primary caregiver. Journal of Marriage and the Family, 50, 185-195. DOI: 10.2307/352438
49. Motel-Klingebiel, A., Tesch-Römer, C., & von Kondratowitz, H.-J. (2005). Welfare states do not crowd out the family: Evidence for mixed responsibility from comparative analyses. Ageing and Society, 25, 863-882. DOI: 10.1017/S0144686X05003971
50. Mulder, C. H., & van der Meer, M. J. (2009). Geographical distances and support from family members. Population, Space and Place, 15, 381-399. DOI: 10.1002/psp.557
51. Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD). (2007). Annual labour force statistics. Paris: Author. Retrieved from oecd.org/document/48/0, 3343, en_21571361_33915056_39095792_1_1_1_1, 00.html
52. Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD). (2011). OECD social expenditure data base (SOCX). Paris: Author. Retrieved from http://stats.oecd.org/BrandedView.aspx?oecd_bv_id=socx-data-en&doi=els-socx-data-en
53. Rabe-Hesketh, S., & Skrondal, A. (2008). Multilevel and longitudinal modeling using Stata College Station, TX: Stata Press Publication. DOI: 10.1002/sim.3225
54. Reil-Held, A. (2006). Crowding out or crowding in? Public and private transfers Germany. European Journal of Population, 22, 263-280. DOI: 10.1007/s10680-006-9001-x
55. Rosenthal, C. J. (1985). Kinkeeping the familial division of labor. Journal of Marriage and the Family, 47, 965-974.
56. Schenk, N., Dykstra, P., & Maas, I. (2010). The role of European welfare states intergenerational money transfers: A micro-level perspective. Ageing & Society, 30, 1315-1342. DOI: 10.1017/S0144686X10000401
57. Schmid, T., Brandt, M., & Haberkern, K. (2012). Gendered support to older parents: Do welfare states matter? European Journal of Ageing, 9, 39-50. DOI: 10.1007/s10433-011-0197-1
58. Silverstein, M., Conroy, S. J., Wang, H., Giarrusso, R., & Bengtson, V. L. (2002). Reciprocity parent-child relations over the adult life course. Journals of Gerontology: Social Sciences, 57B, S3-S13. DOI: 10.1093/geronb/57.1.S3
59. Silverstein, M., Parrott, T. M., & Bengtson, V. L. (1995). Factors that predispose middle-aged sons and daughters to provide social support to older parents. Journal of Marriage and the Family, 57, 465-475. DOI: 10.2307/353699
60. Snijders, T. A., & Bosker, R. J. (1999). Multilevel analysis. An introduction to basic and advanced multilevel modeling London: Sage.
61. Spitze, G., & Logan, J. (1992). Helping as a component of parent-adult child relations. Research on Aging, 14, 291-312. DOI: 10.1177/0164027592143001
62. Szydlik, M. (2004). Inheritance and inequality: Theoretical reasoning and empirical evidence. European Sociological Review, 20, 31-45. DOI: 10.1093/esr/20.1.31
63. United Nations. (2012). UN Classifications Registry. Retrieved from http://unstats.un.org/unsd/cr/registry/regcst.asp?Cl=2 [19.04.2012].
64. van Oorschot, W., Opielka, M., & Pfau-Effinger, B. (Eds.). (2008). Culture and welfare state. Values and social policy comparative perspective Cheltenham, UK: Edward Elgar.
65. Walker, A. J., Pratt, C. C., & Eddy, L. (1995). Informal caregiving to aging family members: A critical review. Family Relations, 44, 402-441.
66. Wooldridge, J. M. (2006). Introductory econometrics: A modern approach Mason, OH: Thomson.