Integration and peace in East Africa: A history of the Oromo Nation

Integration and Peace in East Africa: A History of the Oromo Nation

Volumn , Issue , 2012, Pages 1-263

  Etefa, Tsega ^a  

^a Center for Language and Brain   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

EID: 84872437660     PISSN: None     EISSN: None     Source Type: Book    
DOI: 10.1057/9781137091635     Document Type: Book

References (259)

1. Abdiyo, Katebo. "A Socio-Economic History of Arsi." Master's thesis, Addis Ababa University, 1999.
2. Abir, Mordechai. Ethiopia: The Era of the Princes: The Challenge of Islam and the Re-unification of the Christian Empire, 1769-1855. London: Longmans, 1968.
3. Abir, Mordechai. "Southern Ethiopia." In Pre-Colonial African Trade, dited by Richard Gray and David Birmingham, 119-137. London: Oxford University Press, 1970.
4. Aguilar, Mario. Being Oromo in Kenya. Trenton, NJ: Africa World Press, 1998.
5. Aguilar, Mario. "The Nagaa Boorana: Contemporary Discussions on Ritual and Political Diversity." Journal of Oromo Studies 15, no. 1 (2008): 181-202.
6. Aguilar, Mario. The Politcs of God in East Africa: Oromo Ritual and Religion. Trenton, NJ: Red Sea Press, 2009.
7. Ahmad, Abdussamad. "Hunting in Gojjam: The Case of Matakal 1901-1932." In Proceedings of the Eighth International Conference of Ethiopian Studies, edited by Taddese Beyene, 237-244. Addis Ababa: Institute of Ethiopian Studies, 1988.
8. Ahmed, Hussein. Islam in Nineteenth-Century Wallo, Ethiopia. Leiden, Netherlands: Brill, 2001.
9. Alberto, Antonios. The Apostolic Vicariate of the Galla, a Capuchin Mission in Ethiopia (1846-1942): Antecedents, Evolution, and Problematics. Addis Ababa: Capuchin Franciscan Institute of Philosophy and Theology, 1998.
10. Ali, Mohammed. Ethnicity, Politics, and Society in Northeast Africa. Lanham, MD: University Press of America, 1996.
11. Alvarez, Francisco. Narrative of the Portuguese Embassy to Abyssinia. London: Hakluyt Society, 1881.
12. Alvarez, Francisco. The Prester John of the Indies. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1961.
13. Amae, Elemo Ibrahim. The Role of Traditional Institutions among the Boran Oromo, Southern Ethiopia. Addis Ababa: Artistic Printing Enterprise, 2005.
14. Ambachew, Abebe, Assefa Liban, Bekel Gayid, Bekele Nady, Bulcha Demaksa, Hailu Gabre Hiwot, and Hailu Tilahun. "Field Trip to Nakamte." Ethnological Society Bulletin, University College of Addis Ababa 6 (1957): 1-93.
15. Ambaye, Degefa. "Woliso." In Peripheral People: The Excluded Minorities of Ethiopia, edited by Dena Freeman and Alula Pankhurst, 286-300. Lawrenceville, NJ: Red Sea Press, 2003.
16. Amborn, Hermann. "Mobility, Knowledge, and Power: Craftsmen in the Borderland." In Changing Identifications and Alliances in Northeast Africa, edited by Günther Schlee and Elizabeth Watson, vol. 1, 113-131. New York: Berghahn Books, 2009.
17. Anderson-Morshead, A. E. M. The History of the Universities' Mission to Central Africa, 1859-1896. London: Office of the Universities Mission to Central Africa, 1897.
18. Andrzejewski, B. W. "Allusive Diction in Galla Hymns in Praise of Sheikh Hussien of Bale." African Language Studies 13 (1973): 1-31.
19. Asfaw, Kumssa. "Ethiopia, Revolution and the National Question: The Case of the Oromos." Journal of African Studies 15, no. 1 and 2 (1988): 16-22.
20. Asmarom, Legesse. Oromo Democracy: An Indigenous African Political System. Trenton, NJ: Red Sea Press, 2006.
21. Asseged, Meskerem. "The Folklore and Myth of Erecha." In Proceedings of the XIVth International Conference of Ethiopian Studies, edited by Baye Yimam, Richard Pankhurst, David Chapple, Yonas Admassu, Alula Pankhurst, and Birhanu Teferra, 912-919. Addis Ababa: Institute of Ethiopian Studies, 2002.
22. Athill, L. F. I. "Through South-Western Abyssinia to the Nile." Geographical Journal 56, no. 5 (1920): 347-367.
23. Avanchers, Léon des. "Esquisse Géographie des pays Oromo ou Galla, des pays Soomali et de la Côte Orientale de l'Afrique." Bulletin de la Societé de Géographie 17 (1859): 153-170.
24. Aylmer, L. "The Country between the Juba River and Lake Rudolf." Geographical Journal 38, no. 3 (1911): 289-296.
25. Baissa, Lemmu. "Gada Values: The Building Blocks of a Democratic Polity." Journal of Oromo Studies 1, no. 2 (1994): 47-52.
26. Baissa, Lemmu. "The Oromo Gada System of Government." In State Crisis, Globalization, and National Movements in North-East Africa, edited by Asafa Jalata, 110-121. New York: Routledge, 2004.
27. Baratti, S. G. The Late Travels of S. Giacomo Baratti: An Italian Gentleman, Into the Remote Countries of the Abissins, or of Ethiopia Interior. London: Printed for B. Billingsley, 1670.
28. Barker, W. C. "Extract Report on the Probable Geographical Position of Harrar: With Some Information Relative to the Various Tribes in the Vicinity." Journal of the Royal Geographical Society of London 12 (1842): 238-244.
29. Barker, W. C. "Narrative of a Journey to Shoa." In Selections from the Travels and Journals Preserved in the Bombay Secretariat, edited by George Forrest, 253-304. Bombay: Government Central Press, 1906.
30. Basset, René. Etudes sur L'Histoire d'Ethiopie. Paris: Imprimerie nationale, 1882.
31. Bassi, Marco. " Gada as an Integrative Factor of Political Organization." In A River of Blessings. Essays in Honor of Paul Baxter, edited by David Brokensha, 15-30. Syracuse: Syracuse University, 1994.
32. Bassi, Marco. Decision in the Shade: Political and Juridical Processes among the Oromo-Borana. Translated by Cynthia Salvadori. Trenton, NJ: Red Sea Press, 2005.
33. Bates, Darrell. The Abyssinian Difficulty. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1979.
34. Baxter, Paul T. W. "Repetition in Certain Boran Ceremonies." In African Systems of Thought, edited by M. Fortes and G. Dieterlan, 64-78. London: Oxford University Press, 1965.
35. Baxter, Paul T. W. " Atete in a Highland Arssi Neighborhood." Northeast African Studies 1, no. 2 (1979): 1-22.
36. Baxter, Paul T.W. "Oromo Blessings and Greetings." In The Creative Communion: African Fold Models in Fertility and the Regeneration of Life, edited by Anita Jacobson-Widding and Walter van Beek, 235-250. Uppsala: Upsala University, 1990.
37. Baxter, Paul T. W. "Ethnic Boundaries and Development: Speculations on the Oromo Case." In Inventions and Boundaries: Historical and Anthropological Approaches to the Study of Ethnicity and Nationalism, edited by Preben Kaarholm and Jan Hultin, 247-260. Roskilde, Denmark: International Development Studies, Roskilde University, 1994.
38. Beachey, R. W. A History of East Africa 1592-1902. London: I. B. Tauris, 1996.
39. Beckingham, C. F., and G. W. B. Huntingford. Some Records of Ethiopia 1593-1646. London: Hakluyt Society, 1954.
40. Beke, Charles T. "Communications Respecting the Geography of Southern Abyssinia." Journal of the Royal Geographical Society of London 12 (1842): 84-103.
41. Beke, Charles T. "On the Countries South of Abyssinia." Journal of the Royal Geographical Society of London 13 (1843): 254-269.
42. Beke, Charles T. "Abyssinia; Being a Continuation of Routes in that Country." Journal of the Royal Geographical Society of London 14 (1844): 1-103.
43. Beke, Charles T. Abyssinia: A Statement of Facts. London: James Madden, 1845.
44. Beke, Charles T. "A Diary of Journey from Shoa to Godjam and Residence in the Latter Country 1841-43." London, 1846.
45. Beke, Charles T. "On the Nile and Its Tributaries." Journal of the Royal Geographical Society of London 17 (1847): 1-84.
46. Beke, Charles T. An Enquiry into M. Antoine d'Abbadie's Journey to Kaffa, in the Years 1843 and 1844, to Discover the Source of the Nile. London: James Madden, 1851.
47. Beke, Charles T. "Letters on the Commerce and Politics of Abyssinia and Other Parts of Eastern Africa: Addressed to the Foreign Office and the Board of Trade." Knowsley Pamphlet Collection (1852): 1-80.
48. Bender, M. Language in Ethiopia. London: Oxford University Press, 1976.
49. Berisso, Taddesse. "Changing Alliances of Guji-Oromo and Their Neighbours: State Policies and Local Factors." In Changing Identifications and Alliances in North East Africa, edited by Günther Schlee and Elizabeth Watson, 191-199. New York: Berghahn Books, 2009.
50. Bianchi, Gustavo. Alla terra dei Galla. Milan: Fratelli Treves, 1884.
51. Birhane, Fantahun. "Gojjam: 1800-1855." Senior essay, Department of History, Addis Ababa University, 1980.
52. Birru, Lubie. "Abyssinian Colonialism as the Genesis of the Crisis in the Horn: Oromo Resistance (1855-1913)." Northeast African Studies 2, no. 3 (1980-81): 93-98.
53. Blackhurst, Hector. "Adopting on Ambiguous Position: Oromo Relationships with Strangers." In Being and Becoming Oromo: Historical and Anthropological Enquiries, edited by Paul T. W. Baxter, Jan Hultin, and Alessandro Triulzi, 239-250. Uppsala: Nordiska Afrikainstitutet, 1996.
54. Blanc, Henry. A Narrative of Captivity in Abyssinia. London: Smith, Elder and Co., 1868.
55. Borelli, Jules. Ethiopie Meridionale. Paris: Ancienne Maison Quantin Librairies-Imprimeries Reunies, 1890.
56. Bottego, V. Il Giuba esplorato. Rome: E. Loescher, 1895.
57. Boyes, John. My Abyssinian Journey: A Journey through Abyssinia from the Red Sea to Nairobi in 1906 in the Days of Emperor Menelik. Nairobi: W. Boyd and Co., n.d.
58. Bruce, James. Travels to Discover the Source of the Nile, 5 vols. London: Printed by J. Ruthven for G. G. J. and J. Robinson, 1790.
59. Bruce, James. Travels in Abyssinia and Nubia, 1768-1773. (Condensed from original work by J. Morison Clingan), 2nd ed. Edinburgh: Adam and Charles Black, 1873.
60. Budge, Wallis. A History of Ethiopia, Nubia and Abyssinia. London: Methuen and Co., 1928.
61. Bulatovich, Alexander. Ethiopia Through Russian Eyes: Country in Transition 1896-1898. Edited and translated by Richard Seltzer. Lawrenceville, NJ: Red Sea Press, 2000.
62. Bulcha, Mekuria. "The Survival and Reconstruction of Oromo National Identity." In Being and Becoming Oromo: Historical and Anthropological Enquiries, edited by P. T. W. Baxter, Jan Hultin, and Alessandro Triulzi, 48-66. Uppsala: Nordiska Afrikainstitutet, 1996.
63. Bulcha, Mekuria. The Making of the Oromo Diaspora: A Historical Sociology of Forced Migration. Minneapolis: Kirk House Publishers, 2002.
64. Burton, Richard. The Nile Basin. New York: Da Capo Press, 1967.
65. Burton, Richard. Zanzibar: City, Island and Coast, vols. 1 and 2. London: Tinsley Brothers, 1872.
66. Caraman, Philip. The Lost Empire: The Story of the Jesuits in Ethiopia 1555-1634. London: Sedgwick and Jackson, 1985.
67. Castanhoso, Miguel de. The Portuguese Expedition to Abyssinia in 1541-1543. Edited and translated by R. S. Whiteway. London: Hakluyt Society, 1902.
68. Caulk, Richard. "Firearms and Princely Power in Ethiopia in the Nineteenth Century." Journal of African History 13, no. 4 (1972): 609-630.
69. Cecchi, Antonio. Da Zeila alle frontiere dei Caffa. Rome: Ermanno Loescher and Co., 1886.
70. Cerulli, Enrico. Folk Literature of the Galla of Southern Ethiopia. Cambridge, MA: Harvard African Studies III, Peabody Museum of Harvard University, 1922.
71. Chemeda, Getachew. "Hamachiisaa: Naming a Child by the Oromo Qaalluu and the Social Meanings of the Names." In Cushitic and Omotic Languages. Proceedings of the Third International Symposium, edited by Catherine Griefenow-Mewis and Rainer Maria Voigt, 271-288. Cologne: R. Köppe Verlag, 1996.
72. Clark, Desmond. The Prehistoric Cultures of the Horn of Africa. New York: Octagon Books, 1972.
73. Colburn's United Service Magazine. Naval and Military Journal. Part 3. London: Hurst and Blackett, 1867.
74. Collins Robert and James Burns. A History of Sub-Saharan Africa. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2007.
75. Colomb, P. H. Slave-Catching in the Indian Ocean. New York: Negro University Press, 1873.
76. Crummey, Donald. Priests and Politicians: Protestant and Catholic Missions in Orthodox Ethiopia 1830-1868. Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1972.
77. Curle, A. T. "Prehistoric Graves in the Northern Frontier Province of the Kenya Colony." Man 33 (1933): 99-101.
78. Curtin, Philip, Steven Feierman, Leonard Thompson, and Jan Vansina. African History, 2nd ed. London: Longman, 1995.
79. D'Abbadie, Antoine. Sur les Oromos, grande nation africaine, désignée sous le nom de Galla, Annales de la société scientifique de Bruxelles 4 (1879): 167-192.
80. D'Abbadie, Arnauld. Douze ans de séjour dans la Haute-Éthiopie. Paris: L. Hachette and Cie, 1868.
81. Darkwah, Kofi. "Aspects of the 19th Century History of Ethiopia." Research Review 6, no.3. Legon: Institute of African Studies, University of Ghana, n.d.
82. Darkwah, Kofi. Shewa, Menilek, and the Ethiopian Empire 1813-1889. London: Heinemann Educational Books, 1975.
83. Debrunner, Hans Werner. Presence and Prestige: Africans in Europe. Basel: Basler Afrika Bibliographien, 1979.
84. Debsu, Dejene N. "Gender and Culture in Southern Ethiopia: An Ethnographic Analysis of Guji-Oromo Women's Customary Rights." African Study Monographs 30, no. 1 (2009): 15-36.
85. Deressa, Belletech. Oromtitti: The Forgotten Women in Ethiopian History. Raleigh, NC: Ivy House, 2003.
86. Dewo, Tenna. "The Concept of Peace in the Oromo Gada System: Its Mechanisms and Moral Dimension." Journal of Oromo Studies 15, no. 1 (2008): 139-179.
87. D'Héricourt, Rochet. Voyage sur le côte orientale de la mer Rouge dans le pays d'Adel et le Royaume de Choa. Paris: Arthur Bertrand, 1841.
88. Dheressa, Yelma. Ye Ityopiya Tarik basrasedesteñaw kefle Zemen (History of Ethiopia during the Sixteenth Century). Addis Ababa: Berhanena Selam, 1959 Ethiopian Calendar.
89. The Diagram Group, Encyclopedia of African Peoples. New York: Facts on File, 2000.
90. Donaldson Smith, Arthur. Through Unknown African Countries. New York: Edward Arnold, 1897.
91. Donaldson Smith, Arthur. "Expedition through Somaliland to Lake Rudolf (Conclusion)." Geographical Journal 8, no. 3 (1896): 221-233.
92. Eber, Jochen. Johann Ludwig Krapf: Ein schwäbischer Pionier in Ostafrika. Basel: Arte Media, 2006.
93. Endalew, Tsega. "The Oromo of Wänbära: A Historical Survey to 1941." Master's thesis, Addis Ababa University, 1997.
94. Endalew, Tsega. Conflict Resolution through Cultural Tolerance: An Analysis of the Michu Institution in Metekkel Region, Ethiopia. Addis Ababa: Organisation for Social Science Research for Eastern and Southern Africa, 2002.
95. Endalew, Tsega. "Protestant Mission Activities in Bahir Dar, 1968-1994: A Chronicle." In Ethiopia and the Missions: Historical and Anthropological Insights, edited by Verena Böll, Steven Kaplan, Andreu Martínez d'Alos-Mòner, and Evgenia Sokolinskaia, 209-220. Münster, Germany: Lit Verlag, 2005.
96. Etefa, Tsega E. Inter-Ethnic Relations on a Frontier: Mätakkäl (Ethiopia), 1898-1991. Wiesbaden: Harrassowitz, 2006.
97. "Extract from the Eighth Circular to the Friends of the Pilgrim Mission." The Church of England Magazine 42 (1857): 199.
98. Fernyhough, Timothy. "Women, Gender History, and Slavery in Nineteenth-Century Ethiopia." In Women and Slavery, edited by Gwyn Campbell, Suzanne Miers, and Joseph C. Miller, 215-235. Athens: Ohio University Press, 2007.
99. Fleming, H. C. "Kefa (Gonga) Languages." In The Non-Semitic Languages of Ethiopia, edited by M. L. Bender, 351-376. East Lansing: African Studies Center, Michigan State University, 1976.
100. Freeman, Dena and Alula Pankhurst, ed. Peripheral People. The Excluded Minorities of Ethiopia. Lawrenceville, NJ: Red Sea Press, 2003.
101. The Foreign Office. "Memorandum on Abyssinia." Journal of the Royal Geographical Society of London 25 (1855): 215-218.
102. Gabre-Sellassie, Zewde. "The Process of Re-unification of the Ethiopian Empire, 1868-1889." PhD dissertation, University of Oxford, 1971.
103. Gebissa, Ezekiel. Introduction to Contested Terrain: Essays on Oromo Studies, Ethiopianist Discourse, and Politically Engaged Scholarship, edited by Ezekiel Gebissa. Trenton, NJ: Red Sea Press, 2009.
104. Gemeda, Guluma. "Markets, Local Traders and Long-Distance Merchants in Southwestern Ethiopia during the Nineteenth Century." In Proceedings of the Eighth International Conference of Ethiopian Studies, edited by Taddese Beyene, 375-389. Addis Ababa: Institute of Ethiopian Studies, 1988.
105. Gidada, Negaso. "History of the Sayyoo Oromoo of Southern Wallega, Ethiopia from about 1730 to 1886." PhD dissertation, Johann Wolfgang Goëthe University, Frankfurt, 1984.
106. Giles, Linda. "Sociocultural Change and Spirit Possession on the Swahili Coast of East Africa." Anthropological Quarterly 68, no. 2, Possession and Social Change in Eastern Africa (1995): 89-106.
107. Gleichen, Count. With the Mission to Menelik, 1897. London: Edward Arnold, 1898.
108. Gobat, Samuel. Journal of a Three Years ' Residence in Abyssinia, in Furtherance of the Objects of the Church Missionary Society. London: Hatchard and Son, 1834.
109. Gobena, Temesgen. "Saa Dabacu." Ethnological Society Bulletin, University College of Addis Ababa, no. 6 (1958): 93-109.
110. Good, Charles M. "Markets in Africa: A Review of Research Themes and the Question of Market Origins." Cahiers d'Études Africaines 13, Cahier 52 (1973): 769-780.
111. Gragg, Gene, ed. Oromo Dictionary. East Lansing: African Studies Center, Michigan State University, 1982.
112. Greenfield, Richard. Ethiopia. A New Political History. New York: Frederick A. Praeger, 1965.
113. Grühl, M. The Citadel of Ethiopia. London: J. Cape, 1932.
114. Haile Maskal, Fisseha. "Atete." Ethnological Society Bulletin, University College of Addis Ababa, no. 9 (1959): 45-51.
115. Haile Michael, Fantahun. The Roots of Nationality Problems and the Challenge to Nation-Building in Ethiopia, no. 250. Master's thesis, Department of Social Science and Development, Michelsen Institute, Bergen, Norway, 1989.
116. Harris, Cornwallis. The Highlands of Ethiopia, vol. 3. London: Longman, Brown, Green, and Longmans, 1844.
117. Harris, Joseph. The African Presence in Asia. Evanston, IL: Northwestern University Press, 1971.
118. Hassen, Mohammed. The Oromo of Ethiopia: A History 1570-1860. Trenton, NJ: Red Sea Press, 1994.
119. Hassen, Mohammed. "Some Aspects of Oromo History that Have been Misunderstood." Journal of Oromo Studies 1, no. 2 (1994): 77-90.
120. Herbert, Lady. Abyssinia and Its Apostle. London: Burns, Oates, and Co., 1867.
121. Hinnant, John. "The Guji: Gada as a Ritual System." In Age, Generation and Time: Some Features of East African Age and Organisations, edited by P. T. W. Baxter and Uri Almagor, 207-243. New York: St Martin's Press, 1978.
122. Hobley, C. W. "People, Places, and Prospects in British East Africa." Geographical Journal 4, no. 2 (1894): 97-123.
123. Hodder, B. W. "Some Comments on the Origins of Traditional Markets in Africa South of the Sahara." Transactions of the Institute of British Geographers, no. 36 (1965): 97-105.
124. Hodson, Arnold W. Seven Years in Southern Abyssinia. London: T. Fisher Unwin, 1927.
125. Hotten, John C., ed. Abyssinia and its People or Life in the Land of the Prester John. London: John Camden Hotten, 1868.
126. Hultin, Jan. ' "Sons of Slaves' or 'Sons of Boys': On the Premise of Rank among the Macha Oromo." In Proceedings of the Eighth International Conference of Ethiopian Studies, edited by Taddese Beyene, 809-818. Addis Ababa: Institute of Ethiopian Studies, 1984.
127. Hultin, Jan. The Long Journey: Essays on History, Descent, and Land Among the Macha Oromo. Uppsala: Uppsala University, 1987.
128. Hultin, Jan. "The Conquest of Land and the Conquest of Fertility: A Theme in Oromo Culture." In The Creative Communion: African Folk Models in Fertility and the Regeneration of Life, edited by Anita Jacobson-Widding and Walter van Beek, 155-165. Uppsala: Uppsala University, 1990.
129. Hultin, Jan. "The Land Is Crying. State Intervention and Cultural Resistance among the Matcha Oromo." In A River of Blessings: Essays in Honor of Paul Baxter, edited by David Brokensha, 67-83. Syracuse: Syracuse University, 1994.
130. Huntingford, G. W. B. The Galla of Ethiopia: The Kingdom of Kafa and Janjero. London: International African Institute, 1955.
131. Iliffe, John. Africans. The History of a Continent. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2007.
132. Isenberg, C. W., and Johann L. Krapf. Journals Detailing Their Proceedings in the Kingdom of Shoa. London: Cass, 1843.
133. Jaenen, Cornelius. "The Galla or Oromo of East Africa." Southwestern Journal of Anthropology 12, no. 2 (1956): 171-190.
134. Jalata, Asafa. "The Process of State Formation in the Horn of Africa in Comparative Perspective." In State Crises, Globalisation, and National Movements in Northeast Africa, edited by Asafa Jalata, 1-29. New York: Routledge, 2004.
135. Jalata, Asafa. Oromia and Ethiopia: State Formation and Ethnonational Conflict, 1868-2004. Trenton, NJ: Red Sea Press, 2005.
136. Jalata, Asafa. "Foundations of a State in Oromia: Applying Gadaa Principles in the Twenty-first Century." Journal of Oromo Studies 15, no. 2 (2008): 133-189.
137. Jalata, Asafa. "Being In and Out of Africa: The Impact of Duality of Ethiopianism." Journal of Black Studies 20, no. 10 (2008): 1-26.
138. James, F. L. "A Journey through the Somali Country to the Webbe Shebeyli." Proceedings of the Royal Geographical Society and Monthly Record of Geography, New Monthly Series 17, no. 10 (1885): 625-646.
139. James, F. L. The Unknown Horn of Africa. London: George Philip and Son, 1888.
140. James, Wendy. 'Kwanim Pa! The Making of the Uduk People. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1979.
141. James, Wendy, Gerd Baumann, and Douglas Johnson, eds. Juan Maria Schuver's Travels in North East Africa 1880-1883. London: Hakluyt Society, 1996.
142. Johnston, Charles. Travels in Southern Abyssinia Through the Country of Adal to the Kingdom of Shoa, vol. 1 and 2. London: J. Madden and Co., 1844.
143. Jomard, M. "Notes sur les Galla de Limmou." Bulletin de la Societe de Geographie 2, no. 12 (1839): 1-25.
144. Jones, A. H. M. and Elizabeth Monroe. A History of Abyssinia. London: Clarendon Press, 1935.
145. Kaula, Edna Mason. The Land and People of Ethiopia. New York: J. B. Lippincott Company, 1965.
146. Kelbessa, Workineh. Traditional Oromo Attitudes towards the Environment. Addis Ababa: Organization for Social Science Research in Eastern and Southern Africa, 2001. Keller, Conrad. Alfred Ilg. Leipzig: Huber and Co., 1918.
147. Kent, Susan. Introduction to Ethnicity, Hunter-Gatherers and the "Other," edited by Susan Kent. Washington, DC: Smithsonian Institution Press, 2002.
148. Kidder, Daniel P., ed. Ishmael, The Abyssinian Boy. New York: Lane and Scott, 1851.
149. Kirk, J. "Visit to the Coast of Somali-land." Proceedings of the Royal Geographical Society of London 17, no. 5 (1872-1873): 340-343.
150. Knutsson, Karl Eric. Authority and Change. A Study of the Kallu Institution among the Macha Galla of Ethiopia. Gothenburg: Etnografiska Museet, 1967.
151. Koettlitz, Reginald. "Appendix to Herbert Weld Blundell's 'A Journey Through Abyssinia to the Nile.' " Geographical Journal 4, no. 3 (1900): 264-272.
152. Krapf, Johann Ludwig. An Imperfect Outline of the Elements of the Galla Language. London: Richard Watts, 1840.
153. Krapf, Johann Ludwig. "Extract from a Journal Kept at Ankober, from 7th June to 2nd October, 1839." Journal of the Royal Geographical Society of London 10 (1840): 476.
154. Krapf, Johann Ludwig. Travels, Researches and Missionary Labors. Boston: Ticknor and Fields, 1860.
155. Kumsa, Kuwee. "The Siiqqee Institution of Oromo Women." Journal of Oromo Studies 4, no. 1 and 2 (1997): 115-152.
156. Kusimba, Chapurukha M., and Sibel B. Kusimba, "Mosaics and Interactions: East Africa, 2000 B.P. to the Present." In African Archaeology: A Critical Introduction, edited by Ann Brower Stahl, 392-419. London: Blackwell Publishing, 2005.
157. Lange, W. History of the Southern Gonga (South Western Ethiopia). Wiesbaden: Steiner, 1982.
158. Levine, Donald. Greater Ethiopia. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 2000.
159. Levine, Donald. "Oromo Narratives." Journal of Oromo Studies 14, no. 2 (2007): 43-63.
160. Lewis, Herbert S. "Kud'arfan: A Multi-function among the Western Galla." In Proceedings of the Third International Conference of Ethiopian Studies, 99-103. Addis Ababa: Institute of Ethiopian Studies, 1970.
161. Lewis, Herbert S. "Wealth, Influence, and Prestige among the Shoa Galla." In Social Stratification in Africa, edited by Arthur Tuden and Leonard Plotnicov, 163-186. New York: Free Press, 1970.
162. Lewis, Herbert S. "The Origins of the Galla and Somali." Journal of African History 7, no. 1 (1966): 27-46.
163. Lewis, Herbert S. "Spirit Possession in Ethiopia: An Essay in Interpretation." In Proceedings of Seventh International Conference of Ethiopian Studies, edited by Sven Rubenson, 419-427. Addis Ababa: Institute of Ethiopian Studies, 1984.
164. Lewis, Herbert S. "Values and Procedures in Conflict Resolution among Shoan Oromo." In Proceedings of the Eighth International Conference of Ethiopian Studies, vol. 2, edited by Taddese Beyene, 673-678. Addis Ababa: Institute of Ethiopian Studies, 1989.
165. Lewis, Herbert S. "Gada, Big man, K'allu: Political Succession among the Eastern Mech'a Oromo." Journal of North East Africa 12, no. 1 (1990): 43-64.
166. Lewis, I. M. "The So-called Galla Graves of Northern Somaliland." Man 61 (1961): 103-106.
167. Lewis, I. M., and P. A. Jewell. "The Peoples and Cultures of Ethiopia [and discussion]." Proceedings of the Royal Society of London, series B, Biological Sciences 194, no. 1114, a discussion on human adaptability in Ethiopia (1976): 7-16.
168. Lobo, Jerome. A Voyage to Abyssinia. Translated by Samuel Johnson. London: Printed for Elliot and Kay, 1789.
169. Lovejoy, Paul. Transformations in Slavery. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2000.
170. Lüthi, Karl. Aethiopisch in der Schweiz. Bern: Büchler and Co., 1936.
171. MacQueen, James. "Notes on the Present State of the Geography of Some Parts of Africa." Journal of the Geographical Society of London 20 (1850): 235-252.
172. Marston, Thomas. Britain's Imperial Role in the Red Sea Area 1800-1878. Hamden, CT: Shoe String Press, Inc., 1961.
173. Massaja, Guglielmo. I miei 35 anni di missione nell Alta Etiopia, vols. 3 and 4. Rome: Tipogr. Poligl. di Propagande Fide, 1885-1895.
174. Massaja, Guglielmo. Lettere e Scritti Minori 1827-1852, vol. 1. Edited by Antonino Rosso. Rome: Instituto Storico dei Cappuccini, 1978.
175. Massaja, Guglielmo. Memorie Storiche. Edited by Antonino Rosso, vol. 1-5. Vatican City: Archivio Vaticano, 1984.
176. Matthew, David. Ethiopia: A Study of Polity 1540-1935. London: Eyre and Spottis Woode, 1947.
177. Mazrui, Ali A. Introduction to Africa's Islamic Experience, edited by Ali A. Mazrui, Patrick M. Dikirr, Robert Ostergard Jr., Michael Toler, and Paul Macharia. New Delhi: Sterling Publishers, 2009.
178. Mazrui, Ali. "Towards Socio-Political Reform in the Greater Horn of Africa: Ethnicity, Religion, Language, Gender and Cultural Convergence." Journal of Oromo Studies 16, no. 1 (2009): 9-39.
179. Megerssa, Gemetchu. " Oromumma: Tradition, Consciousness and Identity." In Being and Becoming Oromo: Historical and Anthropological Enquiries, edited by Paul T. W. Baxter, Jan Hultin, and Alessandro Triulzi, 92-102. Uppsala: Nordiska Afrikainstitutet, 1996.
180. Nasib, Onesimos, and Aster Gannoo, Jalqaba Barsiisaa (Afaan Oromoo Spelling Book). Mankullu (today's Eritrea): Swedish Mission Press, 1894.
181. Newland, H. Osman. Sierra Leone: Its People, Products, and Secret Societies. New York: Negro University Press, 1969.
182. Noble, D. S. "The Coastal Dhow Trade of Kenya." Geographical Journal 129, no. 4 (1963): 498-501.
183. Nöldeke, Theodor. Sketches from Eastern History. Translated by John Sutherland Black. London: Adam and Charles Black, 1892.
184. Oba, Gufu. "Shifting Identities along Resource Borders." In Being and Becoming Oromo: Historical and Anthropological Enquiries, edited by Paul T.W. Baxter, Jan Hultin, and A. Triulzi, 117-131. Uppsala: Nordiska Afrikainstitutet, 1996.
185. "Obituary: The Rev. Thomas Wakefield." Geographical Journal 19, no. 2 (1902): 224-225.
186. Owen, W. F. W. Narrative of Voyages to Explore the Shores of Africa, Arabia, and Madagascar. New York: J. and J. Harper, 1833.
187. Pankhurst, Alula. Introduction to Peripheral People. The Excluded Minorities of Ethiopia. Edited by Dena Freeman and Alula Pankhurst. Lawrenceville, NJ: Red Sea Press, 2003.
188. Pankhurst, Alula, and Getachew Assefa. "Understanding Customary Dispute Resolution in Ethiopia." In Grassroots Justice in Ethiopia, edited by Alula Pankhurst and Getachew Assefa, 1-76. Addis Ababa: French Centre of Ethiopian Studies, 2008.
189. Pankhurst, Richard. "Fire-arms in Ethiopian History." Ethiopia Observer 6, no. 2 (1962): 135-180.
190. Pankhurst, Richard. "The Trade of Central Ethiopia in the Nineteenth Century and Early Twentieth Centuries." Journal of Ethiopian Studies 2, no. 2 (1964): 41-91.
191. Pankhurst, Richard. "The Trade of Southern and Western Ethiopia and the Indian Ocean Ports in the Nineteenth Century and Early Twentieth Century." Journal of Ethiopian Studies 3, no. 2 (1965): 37-74.
192. Pankhurst, Richard. "Menelik and the Utilization of Foreign Skills in Ethiopia." Journal of Ethiopian Studies 5, no. 1 (1967): 29-86.
193. Pankhurst, Richard. "The History of Fire-arms in Ethiopia prior to the Nineteenth Century." Ethiopia Observer 11, no. 3 (1967): 202-225.
194. Pankhurst, Richard. "The Beginnings of Oromo Studies in Europe." Africa 31, no. 2 (1976): 171-206.
195. Pankhurst, Richard. "Ethiopian Slave Reminisces of the Nineteenth Century." Transafrican Journal of History 5 (1976): 98-110.
196. Pereira, Esteves, ed. Chronica de Susenyosroi d'Ethiopia. Lisbon: Impresa Nacional, 1892-1900.
197. Pereira, Sarah M. S., trans. Abyssinia. London: James Nisbet and Co., 1885.
198. Perruchon, J. F. C. Notes pour l'histoire d'Ethiopie du regne Fasilades. Paris, 1896.
199. Phillipson, J. H. "Notes on the Galla." Man 107 (1916): 177-181.
200. Plowden, Walter. Travels in Abyssinia and the Galla Country. London: Longmans, 1868.
201. "Political Geography of Central Africa." Science 9, no. 225 (1887): 517-521.
202. Powell, Edward Alexander. Beyond the Utmost Purple Rim. New York: Century Co., 1925.
203. Rappard, Carl H. Fünfzig Jahre Pilgermission auf St. Chrischona, 1840-1890. Basel: St. Chrischona Press, 1890.
204. Ravenstein, E. G. "Italian Explorations in the Upper Basin of the Jub." Geographical Journal 3, no. 2 (1894): 134-138.
205. Ravenstein, E. G., and Thomas Wakefield. "Somal and Galla Land: Embodying Information Collected by the Rev. Thomas Wakefield." Proceedings of the Royal Geographical Society and Monthly Record of Geography, New Monthly Series 6, no. 5 (1884): 264-265.
206. Reid, Richard. Frontiers of Violence in Northeast Africa: Genealogies of Conflict Since c.1800. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2011.
207. "Rev. Thomas Wakefield's Fourth Journey to the Southern Galla Country in 1877." Proceedings of the Royal Geographical Society and Monthly Record of Geography, New Monthly Series 4, no. 6 (1882): 368-372.
208. Russell, Michael. Nubia and Abyssinia. New York: J. and J. Harper, 1833.
209. Salkeld, R. E. "A Journey across Jubaland." Geographical Journal 46, no. 1 (1915): 51-54.
210. Salt, Henry. A Voyage to Ethiopia. Boston: Wells and Lilly, 1816.
211. Salviac, Martial de. Un People antique au pays de Ménélik, grande nation Africaine, les Oromo. Paris, 1901. Translated by Ayalew Kanno as An Ancient People Great African Nation: The Oromo. East Lansing, MI: self-published, 2005.
212. Schlee, Günther. Introduction to Changing Identifications and Alliances in Northeast Africa. Vol. 2. Edited by Günther Schlee and Elizabeth Watson. New York: Berghahn Books, 2009.
213. Schlee, Günther. "Changing Alliances among the Boran, Garre, and Gabra in Northern Kenya and Southern Ethiopia." In Changing Identifications and Alliances in Northeast Africa, edited by Günther Schlee and Elizabeth Watson, 203-223. New York: Berghahn Books, 2009.
214. Schlee, Günther. How Enemies Are Made. New York: Berghahn Books, 2008.
215. Shepherd, R. H. W. Bantu Literature and Life. Lovedale, S. Africa: Lovedale Press, 1955.
216. Shillington, Kevin. History of Africa. Oxford: Macmillan, 2005.
217. Sikainga, Ahmed Alawad. Slaves into Workers: Emancipation and Labor in Colonial Sudan. Austin: University of Texas Press, 1996.
218. Simone, Ed. "The Amhara military Expeditions against the Shawa Galla (1800-1850): A Reappraisal." In First United States Conference of Ethiopian Studies, ed. Harold Marcus, 135-141. East Lansing: Michigan State University, 1973.
219. Smeads, Morgan. "Abyssinia: The Galla Language." Bibliotheca Sacra and Theological Review 6, no. 24 (1849): 747-765.
220. Smidt, Wolbert. "The Unknown First Oromo Bible Translator Christian Rufo." In Proceedings of the 14th International Conference of Ethiopian Studies, edited by Baye Yimam, Richard Pankhurst, David Chapple, Yonas Admassu, Alula Pankhurst, and Birhanu Teferra, 634-650. Addis Ababa: Institute of Ethiopian Studies, 2000.
221. Smidt, Wolbert. "The St. Chrischona Pilgrim-Mission's Private Archives as a Source for Eritrean History: From a Romantic Quest for 'Ormania' to the Establishment at the Erythraean Coast." Journal of Eritrean Studies 2, no. 1/2 (2003): 39-58.
222. Smidt, Wolbert. "The Role of the Former Oromo Slave Pauline Fathme in the Foundation of the Protestant Oromo Mission." In Ethiopia and the Missions, edited by Verena Böll, Steven Kaplan, Andreu Martínez d'Alos-Mòner, and Evgenia Sokolinskaia, 77-98. Münster, Germany: Lit Verlag, 2005.
223. Soleillet, Paul. Voyages en Éthiopie. Rouen, France: Imprimerie de Esperance Cagniard, 1886.
224. Stanley, Henry. How I Found Livingstone. Travels, Adventures and Discoveries in Central Africa. London: Sampson Low, Marston, Searle, and Rivington, 1890.
225. Starkie, Enid. Arthur Rimbaud in Abyssinia. London: Clarendon Press, 1937.
226. Stern, Henry. The Captive Missionary Being an Account of the Country and People of Abyssinia. London: Cassell, Petter, and Galpin, 1869.
227. Stock, Eugene. The History of the Church Missionary Society, vol. 1. London: Church Missionary Society, 1899.
228. Sundkler, Bengt, and Christopher Steed. A History of the Church in Africa. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2000.
229. Swayne, Harald George C. Seventeen Trips through Somaliland. London: Rowland Ward and Co., 1895.
230. Ta'a, Tesema. "The Oromo of Wollega: A Historical Survey to 1910." Master's thesis, Department of History, Addis Ababa University, 1980.
231. Ta'a, Tesema. The Political Economy of an African Society in Transformation: The Case of Macca Oromo (Ethiopia). Wiesbaden: Harrassowitz Verlag, 2006.
232. Tafla, Bairu. "Three Portraits: Ato Asmä Giyorgis, Ras Gobäna Dači, and Sähafe Tezaz Gäbrä Sellassé." Journal of Ethiopian Studies 5, no. 2 (1967): 133-150.
233. Tafla, Bairu. "Two of the Last Provincial Kings of Ethiopia." Journal of Ethiopian Studies 11, no. 1 (1973): 29-55.
234. Tafla, Bairu, ed. Asma Giyorgis and His Work: History of the Gāllā and the Kingdom of Šawā. Stuttgart: Franz Steiner, 1987.
235. Tamrat, Taddesse. "Processes of Ethnic Interaction and Integration in Ethiopian History: The Case of the Agaw." Journal of African History 29, no. 1 (1988): 5-18.
236. Tamrat, Taddesse. "Nilo-Saharan Interactions with Neighbouring Highlands: The Case of Gumuz of Gojjam and Wallega." In Proceedings of the Workshop on Famine Experience and Resettlement in Ethiopia, edited by Desalegn Rahmato, 7-21. Addis Ababa: Institute of Development Research, 1988.
237. Tamrat, Taddesse. "Ethiopia in Miniature: The Peopling of Gojjam." In New Trends in Ethiopian Studies. Papers of the Twelfth International Conference of Ethiopian Studies, edited by Harold Marcus, 951-962. Lawrenceville, NJ: Red Sea Press, 1994.
238. Tate, H. R. "Journey to the Rendile Country, British East Africa." Geographical Journal 23, no. 2 (1904): 220-228.
239. Teague, T. R. A Memoir of William Edmund Smyth. London: S.P.C.K., 1955.
240. Tellez, Balthazar. The Travels of the Jesuits in Ethiopia. London: J. Knapton, 1710.
241. Tippett, Alan. Peoples of Southwest Ethiopia. South Pasadena, CA: William Carey Library, 1970.
242. Trimingham, John Spencer. Islam in Ethiopia. London: Frank Cass and Co. 1965.
243. Triulzi, A. "Some Notes on the Galla Countries South of the Abbay Prior to the Battle of Embabo (1840s-1882)." A Paper Submitted to the Conference of Historical Society of Ethiopia, Addis Ababa, June 4-5, 1973.
244. Tutschek, Lawrence, ed. Dictionary of the Galla Language. Munich, 1844.
245. Siegbert Uhlig, ed. Encyclopedia Aethiopica. Wiesbaden: Harrassowitz, 2003 and 2005.
246. Underhill, G. E. "Abyssinia under Menelik and After." Quarterly Review 237, no. 470 (1922): 33-52.
247. Valentia, George V. Voyages and Travels to India, Ceylon, the Red Sea, Abyssinia, and Egypt in the Years 1802, 1803, 1804, 1805, and 1806, vol. 3. London: Printed for F., C., and J. Rivington, 1811.
248. Van Donzel, Johannes. A Yemenite Embassy to Ethiopia 1647-1649. Stuttgart: F. Steiner, 1986.
249. Vivian, Herbert. Abyssinia: Through the Lion-Land to the Court of the Lion of Judah. New York: Longmans, Green and Co., 1901.
250. Waldmeier, Theophilus. The Autobiography of Theophilus Waldmeier. London: S. W. Partridge and Co., 1886.
251. Waugh, Evelyn. Waugh in Abyssinia. London: Longmans, Green and Co., 1936.
252. Wolde Aregay, Merid. "Southern Ethiopia and the Christian Kingdom 1508-1708, with Special Reference to the Galla Migrations and Their Consequences." PhD dissertation, University of London, School of Oriental and African Studies, 1971.
253. Wellby, M. S. "King Menelek's Dominions and the Country between Lake Gallop (Rudolph) and the Nile Valley." Geographical Journal 16, no. 3 (1900): 292-306.
254. Werner, A. "Some Notes on East African Folklore." Folklore 25, no. 4 (1914): 457.
255. Werner, A. "The Bantu Coast Tribes of the East Africa Protectorate." Journal of the Royal Anthropological Institute of Great Britain and Ireland 45 (1915): 326-354.
256. Willes, J. Jennings, and Christopher Addison. With the Abyssinians in Somaliland. London: Hodder and Stoughton, 1905.
257. Wylde, A. B. Modern Abyssinia. London: Methuen and Co., 1901.
258. Zewde, Bahru. A History of Modern Ethiopi,a 1855-1991. Athens: Ohio University Press, 1991.
259. Zwanenberg, R. M. van, and Anne King. An Economic History of Kenya and Uganda, 1800-1970. London: Macmillan Press, 1975.