Linking Management Effectiveness Indicators to Observed Effects of Protected Areas on Fire Occurrence in the Amazon Rainforest

Conservation Biology

Volumn 27, Issue 1, 2013, Pages 155-165

  Nolte, Christoph ^a   Agrawal, Arun ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF MICHIGAN   (United States)

Author keywords

Avoided deforestation; Conservation success; Forest fires; Impact assessment; Protected areas

Indexed keywords

CONSERVATION MANAGEMENT; DEFORESTATION; ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT; ENVIRONMENTAL INDICATOR; FOREST FIRE; LAND COVER; MANAGEMENT PRACTICE; PERFORMANCE ASSESSMENT; PRIORITIZATION; PROTECTED AREA; RAINFOREST;

ARTICLE; ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION; FIRE; TROPIC CLIMATE;

CONSERVATION OF NATURAL RESOURCES; FIRES; TROPICAL CLIMATE;

AMAZON BASIN; AMAZONIA;

EID: 84872272676     PISSN: 08888892     EISSN: 15231739     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1111/j.1523-1739.2012.01930.x     Document Type: Article

References (41)

1. Andam, K. S., P. J. Ferraro, A. Pfaff, G. A. Sanchez-Azofeifa, and J. A. Robalino. 2008. Measuring the effectiveness of protected area networks in reducing deforestation. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 105:16089-16094.
2. Aragão, L. E. O. C., Y. Malhi, N. Barbier, A. A. Lima, Y. Shimabukuro, L. Anderson, and S. Saatchi. 2008. Interactions between rainfall, deforestation and fires during recent years in the Brazilian Amazonia. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series B, Biological Sciences 363:1779-1785.
3. Bartholome, E., and A. S. Belward. 2005. GLC2000: a new approach to global land cover mapping from earth observation data. International Journal of Remote Sensing 26:1959-1977.
4. Brooks, T. M., R. A. Mittermeier, G. A. B. da Fonseca, J. Gerlach, M. Hoffmann, J. F. Lamoreux, C. G. Mittermeier, J. D. Pilgrim, and A. S. L. Rodrigues. 2006. Global biodiversity conservation priorities. Science 313:58-61.
5. CBD (Convention on Biological Diversity). 2004. Programme of work on protected areas. Convention on Biological Diversity, Montreal.
6. Coad, L., F. Leverington, C. Nolte, and M. Hockings. 2011. Management effectiveness tracking tool: the global database. University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom.
7. Cochrane, M. A. 2011. The past, present, and future importance of fire in tropical rainforests. Pages 213-240 in M. Bush, editor. Tropical rainforest responses to climate change. Springer, Berlin.
8. Dudley, N., A. Belokurov, L. Higgins-Zogib, M. Hockings, S. Stolton, and N. Burgess. 2007. Tracking progress in managing protected areas around the world. World Wildlife Fund, Gland, Switzerland.
9. Ervin, J. 2003. WWF: rapid assessment and prioritization of protected area management (RAPPAM) methodology. World Wildlife Fund, Gland, Switzerland.
10. Ferraro, P. J. 2008. Asymmetric information and contract design for payments for environmental services. Ecological Economics 65:810-821.
11. Ferraro, P. J. 2009. Counterfactual thinking and impact evaluation in environmental policy. Pages 75-84 in M. Birnbaum and P. Mickwitz, editors. Environmental program and policy evaluation: addressing methodological challenges. New directions for evaluation. American Evaluation Association, Fairhaven, Massachusetts.
12. Ferraro, P. J., and S. K. Pattanayak. 2006. Money for nothing? A call for empirical evaluation of biodiversity conservation investments. Public Library of Science Biology 4 DOI:10.1371/journal.pbio.0040105.
13. Fischer, G., F. Nachtergaele, S. Prieler, H. T. van Velthuizen, L. Verelst, and D. Wiberg. 2007. Global agro-ecological zones assessment for agriculture. International Institute for Applied Systems Analysis, Laxenburg, Austria.
14. Fuller, R. A., E. McDonald-Madden, K. A. Wilson, J. Carwardine, H. S. Grantham, J. E. M. Watson, C. J. Klein, D. C. Green, and H. P. Possingham. 2010. Replacing underperforming protected areas achieves better conservation outcomes. Nature 466:365-367.
15. Global Environment Facility (GEF). 2009. GEF focal area: biodiversity. GEF, Washington, D.C.
16. Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation (GBMF). 2006. Andes-Amazon initiative - overview. GBMF, Palo Alto, California.
17. Hansen, M. C., R. S. Defries, J. R. Townshend, M. Carroll, C. Dimiceli, and R. A. Sohlberg. 2003. Global percent tree cover at a spatial resolution of 500 meters: first results of the MODIS Vegetation Continuous Fields algorithm. Earth Interactions 7:1-15.
18. Hijmans, R. J., S. E. Cameron, J. L. Parra, P. G. Jones, and A. Jarvis. 2005. Very high resolution interpolated climated surfaces for global land areas. International Journal of Climatology 25:1965-1978.
19. Hockings, M., S. Stolton, F. Leverington, N. Dudley, J. Courrau, P. Valentine, and S. Editor. 2006. Evaluating effectiveness: a framework for assessing management effectiveness of protected areas. International Union for Conservation of Nature, Gland, Switzerland.
20. Joppa, L. N., and A. Pfaff. 2011. Global protected area impacts. Proceedings of the Royal Society B 278:1633-1638.
21. Justice, C. 2002. The MODIS fire products. Remote Sensing of Environment 83:244-262.
22. Kasparek, M., R. Mack, C. Mayer, and K. Riha. 2010. Biodiversity in German development cooperation 2010. Deutsche Gesellschaft für Technische Zusammenarbeit (GTZ) GmbH, Eschborn, Germany.
23. Leverington, F., K. L. Costa, J. Courrau, H. Pavese, C. Nolte, M. Marr, L. Coad, N. Burgess, B. Bomhard, and M. Hockings. 2010. Management effectiveness evaluation in protected areas - a global study. 2nd edition. University of Queensland, Brisbane.
24. Malamud, B. D., J. D. A. Millington, and G. L. W. Perry. 2005. Characterizing wildfire regimes in the United States. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 102:4694-4699.
25. Martin, A. S., and J. F. Rieger. 2003. The parks in peril site consolidation scorecard. The Nature Conservancy, Arlington, Virginia.
26. Mascia, M. B., and S. Pailler. 2011. Protected area downgrading, downsizing, and degazettement (PADDD) and its conservation implications. Conservation Letters 4:9-20.
27. Morton, D. C., R. S. Defries, J. T. Randerson, L. Giglio, W. Schroeder, and G. R. Van Der Werf. 2008. Agricultural intensification increases deforestation fire activity in Amazonia. Global Change Biology 14:2262-2275.
28. NIMA (National Imagery and Mapping Agency). 2000. Vector MAP LEVEL 0 (Digital chart of the world). 5th edition. NIMA, Reston, Virginia.
29. Nelson, A. 2008. Travel time to major cities: a global map of accessibility. Global Environment Monitoring Unit, Joint Research Centre of the European Commission, Ispra, Italy.
30. Nelson, A., and K. M. Chomitz. 2011. Effectiveness of strict vs. multiple use protected areas in reducing tropical forest fires: a global analysis using matching methods. Public Library of Science ONE 6 DOI:10.1371/journal.pone.0022722.
31. Nolte, C., F. Leverington, A. Kettner, M. Marr, G. Nielsen, B. Bomhard, S. Stolton, S. Stoll-Kleemann, and M. Hockings. 2010. Protected area management effectiveness assessments in Europe. A review of application, methods and results. Bundesamt für Naturschutz (BfN), Bonn.
32. Olson, D. M. et al. 2001. Terrestrial ecosystems of the world: a new map of life on Earth. BioScience 51:933-938.
33. Pivello, V. R. 2011. The use of fire in the Cerrado and Amazonian rainforests of Brazil: past and present. Fire Ecology 7:24-39.
34. Pueyo, S., P. M. L. de Alencastro Graça, R. I. Barbosa, R. Cots, E. Cardona, and P. M. Fearnside. 2010. Testing for criticality in ecosystem dynamics: the case of Amazonian rainforest and savanna fire. Ecology Letters 13:793-802.
35. Saatchi, S. S., R. A. Houghton, R. C. Dos Santos Alvalá, J. V. Soares, and Y. Yu. 2007. Distribution of aboveground live biomass in the Amazon basin. Global Change Biology 13:816-837.
36. Sekhon, J. 2007. Multivariate and propensity score matching software with automated balance optimization: the Matching package for R. Journal of Statistical Software 42:1-51.
37. Soares-Filho, B. et al. 2010. Role of Brazilian Amazon protected areas in climate change mitigation. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 107:10821-10826.
38. Stolton, S., M. Hockings, N. Dudley, K. MacKinnon, T. Whitten, and F. Leverington. 2007. Management effectiveness tracking tool. Reporting progress at protected area sites. 2nd edition. World Wildlife Fund, Gland, Switzerland.
39. Trumper, K., M. Bertzky, B. Dickson, G. van der Heijden, M. Jenkins, and P. Manning. 2009. The natural fix? The role of ecosystems in climate mitigation. World Conservation Monitoring Center, United Nations Environment Programme, Cambridge, United Kingdom.
40. World Conservation Monitoring Centre (WCMC). 2011. World database of protected areas. WCMC, Cambridge, United Kingdom.
41. Zimsky, M., P. Ferraro, F. Mupemo, J. Robinson, and N. Sekhran. 2010. Results of the GEF biodiversity portfolio monitoring and learning review mission, Zambia. Enhancing outcomes and impact through improved understanding of protected area management effectiveness. Global Environment Facility, Washington, D.C.