Causes of death in hospitalised human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected patients at a national referral centre in Singapore: A retrospective review from 2008 to 2010

Annals of the Academy of Medicine Singapore

Volumn 41, Issue 12, 2012, Pages 571-576

  Wong, Chen Seong ^a   Lo, Francis A ^a   Cavailler, Philippe ^b   Ng, Oon Tek ^a   Lee, Cheng Chuan ^a   Leo, Yee Sin ^a   Chua, Arlene C ^a  

^a TAN TOCK SENG HOSPITAL   (Singapore)

^b Regional Emerging Diseases Intervention Centre   (Singapore)

Author keywords

AIDS; Causes of death; HIV; Mortality; Singapore

Indexed keywords

NONNUCLEOSIDE REVERSE TRANSCRIPTASE INHIBITOR; PROTEINASE INHIBITOR; RNA DIRECTED DNA POLYMERASE INHIBITOR;

ACQUIRED IMMUNE DEFICIENCY SYNDROME; ADULT; AGED; ARTICLE; BACTEREMIA; BRAIN DISEASE; CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASE; CAUSE OF DEATH; CD4 LYMPHOCYTE COUNT; FEMALE; HIGHLY ACTIVE ANTIRETROVIRAL THERAPY; HUMAN; HUMAN IMMUNODEFICIENCY VIRUS INFECTION; LENGTH OF STAY; LIVER FAILURE; MALE; NEOPLASM; OPPORTUNISTIC INFECTION; PNEUMONIA; RETROSPECTIVE STUDY; SINGAPORE; VIRUS LOAD; VIRUS TRANSMISSION;

EID: 84872173910     PISSN: 03044602     EISSN: 29724066     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: None     Document Type: Article

References (32)

1. Palella FJ Jr, Baker RK, Moorman AC, Chmiel JS, Wood KC, HIV Outpatient Study Investigators, et al. Mortality in the highly active antiretroviral therapy era: changing causes of death and disease in the HIV outpatient study. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr 2006;43:27-34.
2. Sabin CA, Smith CJ, Youle M, Lampe FC, Bell DR, Puradiredja D, et al. Deaths in the era of HAART: contribution of late presentation, treatment exposure, resistance and abnormal laboratory markers. AIDS 2006;20:67-71.
3. Smit C, Geskus R, Walker S, Sabin C, Coutinho R, Porter K, CASCADe Collaboration, et al.Effective therapy has altered the spectrum of cause- specific mortality following HIV seroconversion. AIDS 2006;20:741-9.
4. Crum NF, Riffenburgh RH, Wegner S, Agan BK, Tasker SA, Triservice AIDS Clinical Consortium, et al. Comparisons of causes of death and mortality rates among HIV-infected persons: analysis of the pre-, early, and late HAART (highly active antiretroviral therapy) eras. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr 2006; 41:194-200.
5. Lewden C, May T, Rosenthal E, Burty C, Bonnet F, ANRS EN19 Mortalité Study Group and Mortavic1, et al. Changes in causes of death among adults infected by HIV between 2000 and 2005: The Mortalité 2000 and 2005 surveys (ANRS EN19 and Mortavic). J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr 2008;48:590-8.
6. Bonnet F, Lewden C, May T, Heripret L, Jougla E Mortalité 2000 Study Group, et al. Opportunistic infections as causes of death in HIV-infected patients in the HAART era in France. Scand J Infect Dis 2005;37:482-7.
7. Krentz HB, Kliewer G, Gill MJ. Changing mortality rates and causes of death for HIV-infected individuals living in Southern Alberta, Canada from 1984 to 2003. HIV Med 2005;6:99-106.
8. Yang CH, Huang YF, Hsiao CF, Yeh YL, Liou HR, Hung CC, et al. Trends of mortality and causes of death among HIV-infected patients in Taiwan, 1984-2005. HIV Med 2008;9:535-43.
9. Schneider E, Whitmore S, Glynn KM, Dominguez K, Mitsch A, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), et al. Revised surveillance case definitions for HIV infection among adults, adolescents, and children aged <18 months and for HIV infection and AIDS among children aged 18 months to <13 years--United States, 2008. MMWR Recomm Rep 2008;57(RR-10):1-12.
10. R Bellamy, S Sangeetha, NI Paton. Causes of death among patients with HIV in Singapore from 1985 to 2001: results from the Singapore HIV Observational Cohort Study (SHOCS). HIV Med 2004;5:289-95.
11. Ministry of Health Singapore. Update on the HIV/AIDS Situation in Singapore 2010.Available at: http://www.moh.gov.sg/content/moh_web/home/diseases_and_conditions/h/hiv_aids.html.Accessed 30 June, 2012.
12. Wong CS, Lye DC, Lee CC, Leo YS. Acute HIV infection in Singapore: predominance of men who have sex with men. Singapore Med J 2011;52:860-3.
13. Sackoff JE, Hanna DB, Pfeiffer MR, Torian LV. Causes of death among persons with AIDS in the era of highly active antiretroviral therapy: New York City. Ann Intern Med 2006;145:397-406.
14. Petoumenos K, Law MG, Australian HIV Observational Database. Risk factors and causes of death in theAustralian HIV Observational Database. Sex Health 2006;3:103-12.
15. Smith C, Sabin CA, Lundgren JD, Thiebaut R, Weber R, Data Collection onAdverse Events ofAnti-HIV drugs (D:A:D) Study Group, et al. Factors associated with specific causes of death amongst HIV-positive individuals in the D:A: D Study. AIDS.2010;24:1537-48.
16. Panos G, Samonis G, Alexiou VG, Kavarnou GA, Charatsis G, Falagas ME. Mortality and morbidity of HIV infected patients receiving HAART: a cohort study. Curr HIV Res 2008;6:257-60.
17. Gohil SK, Heo M, Schoenbaum EE, Celentano D, Pirofski LA. CD8+ T cells and risk for bacterial pneumonia and all-cause mortality among HIV-infected women. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr 2012;60:191-8.
18. Gill J, May M, Lewden C, Saag M, Mugavero M, Antiretroviral Therapy Cohort Collaboration, et al.Causes of death in HIV-1-infected patients treated with antiretroviral therapy, 1996-2006: collaborative analysis of 13 HIV cohort studies. Clin Infect Dis 2010;50:1387-96.
19. Simard EP, Engels EA. Cancer as a cause of death among people with AIDS in the United States. Clin Infect Dis 2010;51:957-62.
20. Mayor AM, Gómez MA, Ríos-Oliveras E, Hunter-Mellado RF. Mortality trends of HIV-infected patients after the introduction of highly active antiretroviral therapy: analysis of a cohort of 3,322 HIV-infected persons. Ethn Dis 2005;15:S5-57-62.
21. Teja VD, Sudha T, Lakshmi V. Causes and pattern of mortality in HIV- infected, hospitalized patients in a tertiary care hospital: a fourteen year study. Indian J Med Sci 2007;61:555-61.
22. Saleri N, Capone S, Pietra V, De Iaco G, Del Punta V, Rizzi M, et al. Outcome and predictive factors of mortality in hospitalized HIV-patients in Burkina Faso. Infection 2009;37:142-7.
23. Kumarasamy N, Venkatesh KK, Devaleenol B, Poongulali S, Yephthomi T, Pradeep A, et al. Factors associated with mortality among HIV-infected patients in the era of highly active antiretroviral therapy in southern India. Int J Infect Dis 2010;14:e127-31.
24. Balogou AA, Saka B, Kombaté D, Kombaté K, Mouhari-Toure A, Akakpo S, et al. Causes of mortality associated with HIV/AIDS in health-care facilities in Togo: a six-month prospective study. Trop Doct 2011;41:215-7.
25. Neuhaus J, Angus B, Kowalska JD, la Rosa A, Sampson J, INSIGHT SMART and ESPRIT Study Groups, et al. Risk of all-cause mortality associated with non-fatal AIDS and serious non-AIDS events among adults infected with HIV. AIDS 2010;24:697-706.
26. Modrich L, Scherzer R, Zopola A, Rimland A, Lewis CE, Bacchetti P, et al. Association of HIV infection, demographic and cardiovascular risk factors with all-cause mortality in the recent HAART era. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr 2010;53:102-6.
27. Hernando V, Perez-Cachafeiro S, Lewden C, Gonzalez J, Segura F, CoRIS, et al.All-cause and liver-related mortality in HIV-positive subjects compared to the general population: differences by HCV co-infection. J Hepatol 2012;57: 743-51.
28. Branch AD, Van Natta ML, Vachon ML, Dieterich DT, Meinert CL, Studies of the Ocular Complications of AIDS Research group, et al. Mortality in hepatitis C virus-infected patients with a diagnosis of AIDS in the era of combination antiretroviral therapy. Clin Infect Dis 2012;55:137-144.
29. Jain MK, Skiest DJ, Cloud JW, Jain CL, Burns D, Berggren RE. Changes in mortality related to human immunodeficiency virus infection: comparative analysis of inpatient deaths in 1995 and in 1999-2000. Clin Infect Dis 2003;36:1030-8.
30. Chua AC, Leo YS, Cavailler P, Chu C, Ng A, Ng OT, et al. Opt-out of voluntary HIV testing: a Singapore hospital's experience. PLoS ONE 2012;7: e34663.
31. Chen M, Rhodes PH, Hall IH, Kilmarx PH, Branson BM, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). Prevalence of undiagnosed HIV infection among persons aged ≥13 years -- National HIV Surveillance System, United States, 2005-2008. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep 2012;61 Suppl:57-64.
32. Rubin MS, Colen CG, Link BG. Examination of inequalities in HIV/AIDS mortality in the United States from a fundamental cause perspective. Am J Public Health 2010;100:1053-9.