Volcanism, tectonics, and stratigraphic correlations in Puerto Rico

Special Paper of the Geological Society of America

Volumn 322, Issue , 1998, Pages 1-34

  Jolly, Wayne T ^a   Lidiak, Edward G ^b   Schellekens, Johannes H ^c   Santos, Hernan ^c  

^a BROCK UNIVERSITY   (Canada)

^b UNIVERSITY OF PITTSBURGH   (United States)

^c UNIVERSITY OF PUERTO RICO   (Puerto Rico)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

BASALT; DEPOSITS; LIME; MAGNESITE; SEDIMENTOLOGY; STRATIGRAPHY; STRIKE-SLIP FAULTS; STRUCTURAL GEOLOGY; VOLCANOES;

INCOMPATIBLE ELEMENT; LATERAL DISPLACEMENTS; MID OCEAN RIDGE BASALTS; PRIMITIVE ISLAND ARCS; SERPENTINIZED PERIDOTITES; SERPENTINIZED ULTRAMAFIC ROCKS; STRATIGRAPHIC CORRELATION; U.S. GEOLOGICAL SURVEYS;

FAULT SLIPS;

CORRELATION; GEOLOGICAL SURVEY; ISLAND ARC; STRATIGRAPHY; TECTONICS; VOLCANIC SOIL; VOLCANISM;

PUERTO RICO;

EID: 84871956737     PISSN: 00721077     EISSN: None     Source Type: Book Series    
DOI: 10.1130/0-8137-2322-1.1     Document Type: Article

References (145)

1. Almy, C. C., Jr., 1969, Sedimentation and tectonism in the Upper Cretaceous Puerto Rican portion of the Caribbean island arc: Transactions of the Gulf Coast Association of Geological Sciences, v. 19, p. 269-279.
2. Arkani-Hamed, J., and Jolly,W. T., 1989, Generation of Archean tonalites: Geology, v. 17, p. 307-310.
3. Barabas, A. H., 1982, Potassium-argon dating of magmatic events and hydrothermal activity associated with porphyry copper mineralization in west central Puerto Rico: Economic Geology, v. 77, p. 109-126.
4. Berkey, C., 1915, Geological reconnaissance of Porto Rico: New York Academy of Science, v. 26, p. 1-70.
5. Berkey, C., 1919, Introduction to the geology of Porto Rico: New York Academy of Science, Scientific Survey of Porto Rico and Virgin Islands, v. 1, p. 11-29.
6. Berryhill, H. L., 1961, Ash-flow deposits, Ciales quadrangle, Puerto Rico, and their significance, in Short papers in geologic and hydrologic sciences: U.S. Geological Survey Professional Paper 424-B, p. B224-B226.
7. Berryhill, H. L., Jr., 1965, Geology of the Ciales quadrangle, Puerto Rico: U.S. Geological Survey Bulletin 1184, 116 p.
8. Berryhill, H. L., Jr., and Glover, L., 3d, 1960, Geology of the Cayey quadrangle, Puerto Rico: U.S. Geological Survey Miscellaneous Investigations Map I-319, scale 1:20,000.
9. Berryhill, H. L., Jr., Briggs, R. P., and Glover, L., Jr., 1960, Stratigraphy, sedimentation and structure of Late Cretaceous rocks in eastern Puerto Rico - Preliminary report: American Association of Petroleum Geologists Bulletin, v. 44, p. 137-155.
10. Boynton, C. H.,Westbrook, G. K., and Bott, M. H. P., 1979, A seismic refraction investigation of crustal structure beneath Lesser Antilles island arc: Geophysical Journal, Royal Astronomical Society, v. 58, p. 371-393.
11. Briggs, R. P., 1967, The Malo Breccia and Cotorra Tuff in the Cretaceous of central Puerto Rico, in Cohee, G. V., and others, Changes in stratigraphic nomenclature by the U.S. Geological Survey, 1966: U.S. Geological Survey Bulletin 1254-A, p. A23-A29.
12. Briggs, R. P., 1969, Changes in stratigraphic nomenclature in the Cretaceous System, east-central Puerto Rico: U.S. Geological Survey Bulletin 1274-O, 31 p.
13. Briggs, R. P., 1971, Geologic map of the Orocovis quadrangle, Puerto Rico: U.S. Geological Survey Miscellaneous Geologic Investigations Map I-615, scale 1:20,000.
14. Briggs, R. P., 1973, The Lower Cretaceous Figuera Lava and Fajardo Formation in the stratigraphy of northeastern Puerto Rico: U.S. Geological Survey Bulletin 1372-G, 10 p.
15. Briggs, R. P., and Aguilar-Cortés, E., 1980, Geologic Map of the Fajardo and Icacos quadrangles, Puerto Rico: U.S. Geological Survey Miscellaneous Geologic Investigations Map I-1153, scale 1:20,000.
16. Briggs, R. P., and Akers, A., 1965, Hydrogeologic map of Puerto Rico and adjacent islands: U.S. Geological Survey Hydrogeologic Atlas Map HA-197, scale 1:240,000.
17. Briggs, R. P., and Gelabert, P. A., 1962, Preliminary report of the geology of the Barranquitas quadrangle, Puerto Rico: U.S. Geological Survey Miscellaneous Geologic Investigations Map I-336, scale 1:20,000.
18. Briggs, R. P., and Pease, M. H., Jr., 1960, Compressional graben and horst structures in east-central Puerto Rico, in Short papers in the geological sciences: U.S. Geological Survey Paper 400-B, p. B365-B366, map.
19. Broedel, C. H., 1961, Preliminary geologic map showing iron and copper prospects in the Juncos quadrangle, Puerto Rico: U.S. Geological Survey Miscellaneous Investigations Map I-326, scale 1:20,000.
20. Burke, K., 1988, Tectonic evolution of the Caribbean: Annual Reviews of Earth and Planetary Sciences, v. 16, p. 201-230.
21. Carr, M. J., Feigenson, M. D., and Bennett, E. A., 1990, Incompatible element and isotopic evidence for tectonic control of source mixing and melt extraction along the Central American arc: Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology, v. 105, p. 369-380.
22. Cho, M., 1991, Zeolite to prehnite-pumpellyite facies metamorphism in the Toa Baja drill hole: Geophysical Research Letters, v. 18, p. 525-528.
23. Cox, D. P., Marvin, R. F., M'Gonigle, J.W., McIntyre, D. H., and Rogers, C. L., 1977, Potassium-argon geochronology of some metamorphic, igneous, and hydrothermal events in Puerto Rico and the Virgin Islands: U.S. Geological Survey, Journal of Research, v. 5, p. 689-703.
24. Curet, A. F., 1976, Geology of the Cretaceous-Tertiary rocks of the southwest quarter of the Monte Guillarte quadrangle, west central Puerto Rico, M.Sc. Thesis, University of Minnesota, Duluth, 121 p.
25. Curet, A. F., 1986, Geologic map of the Mayagüez and Rosario quadrangles, Puerto Rico: U.S. Geological Survey Miscellaneous Geologic Investigations Map I-1657, scale 1:20,000.
26. Dolan, J., Mann, P., de Zoeten, R., Heubek, C., and Shiroma, J., 1991, Sedimentologic, stratigraphic, and tectonic synthesis of Eocene-Miocene sedimentary basins, Hispaniola and Puerto Rico, in Mann, P., Draper, G., and Lewis, J. F., eds., Geologic and tectonic development of the North America-Caribbean plate boundary in Hispaniola: Geological Society of America Special Paper 262, p. 217-263. (Pubitemid 23393133)
27. Donnelly, T. W., 1966, The geology of St. Thomas and St. John, U.S. Virgin Islands, in Hess, H. H., ed., Caribbean geological investigations: Geological Society of America Memoir 98, p. 85-176.
28. Donnelly, T.W., 1989, Geologic history of the Caribbean and Central America, in Bally, A. W., and Palmer, A. R., eds., Geology of North America - An Overview: Boulder, Colorado, Geological Society of America, The Geology of North America, v. A, p. 299-321.
29. Donnelly, T.W., 1994, The Caribbean basalt association: a vast igneous province that includes the Nicoya Complex of Costa Rica, in Seyfried, H., and Hellman, W., eds., Geology of an evolving arc: the isthmus of southern Nicaragua, Costa Rica, and western Panama: Stuttgart, Germany, Profile (Band 7), Institut fur Geologie und Palaontologie, p. 17-45.
30. Donnelly, T.W., 1998, The development of geology in Puerto Rico - An historical sketch: New York, New York Academy of Science (in press).
31. Donnelly, T.W., and Rogers, J. J.W., 1980, Igneous series in island arcs. Bulletin of Volcanology, v. 43-2, p. 347-382.
32. Donnelly, T. W., Rogers, J. J. W., Pushchair, P., and Armstrong, R. L., 1971, Chemical evolution of igneous rocks of the West Indies: An investigation of Th, U, and K distribution and Pb and Sr isotopic ratios, in Donnelly, T.W., ed., Caribbean geologic, tectonic, and petrologic studies: Geological Society of America Memoir 130, p. 181-224.
33. Donnelly, T. W., and 9 others, 1990, History and tectonic setting of Caribbean magmatism, in Dengo, G., and Case, J. E., eds., The Caribbean Region: Boulder, Colorado, Geological Society of America, The Geology of North America, v. H, p. 339-374.
34. Draper, G., Guitierrez, G., and Lewis, J. F., 1996, Thrust emplacement of the Hispaniola peridotite belt: orogenic expression of the mid-Cretaceous Caribbean arc polarity reversal?: Geology, v. 24, p. 1143-1146.
35. Duncan, R. A., and Hargraves, R. B., 1984, Plate tectonic evolution of the Caribbean region, in Bonini, W. E., Hargraves, R. B., and Shagam, R., eds., The Caribbean-South American plate boundary and regional tectonics: Geological Society of America Memoir 162, p. 81-93.
36. Edgar, N. T., and others, 1973, Initial reports of the Deep Sea Drilling Project 15: Washington D.C., U.S. Government Printing Office, 1137 p.
37. Erikson, J. P., Pindell, J. L., and Larue, D. K., 1990, Mid-Eocene-Early Oligocene sinistral transcurrent faulting in Puerto Rico associated with formation of the northern Caribbean plate boundary zone: Journal of Geology, v. 98, p. 365-384.
38. Erikson, J. P., Pindell, J. L., and Larue, D. K., 1991, Fault zone deformational constraints on Paleogene tectonic evolution in southern Puerto Rico: Geophysical Research Letters, v. 18, p. 569-572.
39. Frey, F. A., 1988, Rare earth element abundances in upper mantle rocks, in Henderson, P., ed., Rare earth geochemistry: Developments in Geochemistry, v. 2, p. 153-203.
40. Frost, C. D., and Schellekens, J. H., 1991, Rb-Sr and Sm-Nd isotopic characteristic of Eocene volcanic and volcanoclastic rocks from Puerto Rico: Geophysical Research Letters, v. 18, p. 545-548.
41. Ghosh, N., Hall, S. A., Casey, J. F., and Burke, K., 1994, Magnetic stripes of the Caribbean ocean floor: Formation of the Falleron-Phoenix-Pacific triple junction (abs.): Eos (Transactions, American Geophysical Union), v. 75, p. 594.
42. Glover, L., 3d, 1961a, Preliminary geologic map of the Salinas quadrangle, Puerto Rico: U.S. Geological Survey Miscellaneous Geologic Investigations Map I-337, scale 1:20,000.
43. Glover, L., 3d, 1961b, Preliminary report on the geology of the Coamo quadrangle, Puerto Rico: U.S. Geological Survey Miscellaneous Geologic Investigations Map I-335, scale 1:20,000.
44. Glover, L., 3rd, 1967, Cuyón Formation of east-central Puerto Rico, in Cohee, E.V., and others, Changes in stratigraphic nomenclature by the U.S. Geological Survey, 1966: U.S. Geological Survey Bulletin 1254-A, p. A18-A19.
45. Glover, L., 3d, 1971, Geology of the Coamo area, Puerto Rico, and its relation to the volcanic arc-trench association: U.S. Geological Survey Professional Paper 636, 102 p.
46. Glover, L., 3d, 1982, Preliminary geologic map of the Patillas and Guayama quadrangles, Puerto Rico: U.S. Geological Survey Open File Report OF-82-1097, scale 1:20,000.
47. Glover, L., 3d, and Mattson, P. H., 1967, The Jacaguas Group in central Puerto Rico, in Cohee, E. V., and others, Changes in stratigraphic nomenclature by the U.S. Geological Survey, 1966: U.S. Geological Survey Bulletin 1254-A, p. A29-A39.
48. Glover, L., 3d, and Mattson, P. H., 1973, Geologic map of the Río Descalabrado quadrangle, Puerto Rico: U.S. Geological Survey Miscellaneous Geologic Investigations Map I-735, scale 1:20,000.
49. Hess, H. H., and Otalora, G., 1964, Mineralogical and chemical compositions of the Mayagüez serpentinite cores, in Burke, C. A., ed., A study of serpentinite: NAS-NRC Publication 1188, p. 152-168.
50. Hubbard, B., 1920, The Tertiary formations of Porto Rico: Science, New Series 51, p. 395-396.
51. Hubbard, B., 1923, The geology of the Lares district, Porto Rico: New York Academy of Science, Scientific Survey of Porto Rico and the Virgin Islands, v. 2, p. 1-115.
52. Jolly,W. T., 1970, Zeolite and prehnite-pumpellyite facies in south-central Puerto Rico: Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology, v. 27, p. 204-224.
53. Jolly, W. T., 1971, Potassium-rich igneous rocks from Puerto Rico: Geological Society of America Bulletin, v. 82, p. 399-408.
54. Joyce, J., 1985, High pressure-low temperature metamorphism and the tectonic evolution of the Samana Peninsula, Dominican Republic [Ph.D. thesis]: Evanston, Illinois, Northwestern University, 250 p.
55. Joyce, J., 1986, The tectonic evolution of the northeastern Caribbean plate boundary (Abs): Eos (Transactions, American Geophysical Union), v. 67, p. 1233.
56. Joyce, J., 1991, Blueschist metamorphism and deformation on the Samana Peninsula: a record of subduction and collision with the Greater Antilles: Geological Society of America Special Paper, 262, p. 47-76. (Pubitemid 23392878)
57. Joyce, J., McCann, W. R., and Lithgow, C., 1987a, Onland active faulting in the Puerto Rico platelet (abs.): Eos (Transactions, American Geophysical Union), v. 68, p. 1483.
58. Joyce, J., Smith, A. L., Schellekens, J. H., and Johnson, C. C., 1987b, Tectonic and magmatic processes at convergent margins: Field Guide, 6th Annual Symposium on Caribbean Geology, University of Puerto Rico, Mayagüez, Puerto Rico.
59. Kaye, C. A., 1959, Geology of the San Juan metropolitan area, Puerto Rico: U.S. Geological Survey Professional Paper 317-A, 48 p.
60. Kazcor, L, 1987, Petrology of the Mid-Cretaceous Aguas Buenas and Río Matón Limestones in Southeast-Central Puerto Rico [M.Sc. thesis]: Chapel Hill, University of North Carolina, 121 p.
61. Kazcor, L., and Rogers, J., 1990, The Cretaceous Aguas Buenas and Río Matón Limestones of southern Puerto Rico: Journal of South America Earth Science, v. 3, p. 1-8.
62. Krushensky, R. D., 1978, Unconformity between Cretaceous and Eocene rocks in central-western Puerto Rico: A concept rejected, in McGillavry, H. J., and Beets, D. J., eds.: Geologie en Mijnbouw, v. 57, p. 227-232.
63. Krushensky, R. D., and Curet, A. F., 1984, Geologic map of the Monte Guillarte quadrangle, Puerto Rico: U.S. Geological Survey Miscellaneous Geologic Investigations Map I-1556, scale 1:20,000.
64. Krushensky, R. D., and Monroe,W. H., 1975, Geologic map of the Ponce quadrangle, Puerto Rico: U.S. Geological Survey Miscellaneous Geologic Investigations Map I-863, scale 1:20,000.
65. Krushensky, R. D., and Monroe,W. H., 1978a, Geologic map of the Peñuelas and Punta Cucharra quadrangles, Puerto Rico: U.S. Geological Survey Miscellaneous Geologic Investigations Map I-1042, scale 1:20,000.
66. Krushensky, R. D., and Monroe, W. H., 1978b, Geologic map of the Yauco and Punta Verraco quadrangles, Puerto Rico: U.S. Geological Survey Miscellaneous Geologic Investigations Map I-1147, scale 1:20,000.
67. Larue, D. K., 1991, Toa Baja Drilling Project, Puerto Rico: scientific drilling into a non-volcanic island arc massif: Geophysical Research Letters, v. 18, p. 489-492.
68. Larue, D. K., 1994, Puerto Rico and the Virgin Islands, in Donovan, S. K., and Jackson, T. A., eds., Caribbean geology: an introduction: Kingston, Jamaica, University of the West Indies Publishers'Association, p. 151-161.
69. Larue, D. K., Pierce, P., and Erikson, J., 1991a, Cretaceous intra-arc basin on Puerto Rico: Transactions 2nd Geological Conference, Geological Society of Trinidad and Tobago, p. 184-190.
70. Larue, D. K., Smith, A. L., and Schellekens, J. H., 1991b, Ocean island arc stratigraphy in the Caribbean region: Sedimentary Geology, v. 74, p. 289-308.
71. Lebron, M. C., and Perfit, M. R., 1994, Petrochemistry and tectonic significance of Cretaceous island arc rocks, Cordillera Oriental, Dominican Republic: Tectonophysics, v. 229, p. 69-100. (Pubitemid 24423998)
72. Lidiak, E. G., 1965, Petrology of andesitic, spilitic, and keratophyric flow rock, north central Puerto Rico: Geological Society of America Bulletin, v. 76, p. 57-88.
73. Lidiak, E. G., 1972, Spatial and temporal variations of potassium in the volcanic rocks of Puerto Rico: 6th Caribbean Geological Conference Transactions, Margarita, Venezuela, p. 203-209.
74. Lidiak, E. G., 1991, Depth of emplacement of granitoid plutonic rocks in the eastern Greater Antilles island arc: Caribbean Geological Conference Transactions, v. 12, p. 259-267, Miami Geological Society, Miami, Florida.
75. Mattson, P. H., 1960, Geology of the Mayagüez area, Puerto Rico: Geological Society of America Bulletin, v. 71, p. 319-362.
76. Mattson, P. H., 1964, Petrography and structure of serpentinite, in Burke, C. A., ed., A study of serpentinite: NAS-NRC Publication 1188, p. 7-24.
77. Mattson, P. H., 1967, Cretaceous and lower Tertiary stratigraphy in west-central Puerto Rico: U.S. Geological Survey Bulletin 1254-B, 35 p.
78. Mattson, P. H., 1968a, Geologic map of the Adjuntas quadrangle, Puerto Rico: U.S. Geological Survey Miscellaneous Geologic Investigations Map I-519, scale 1:20,000.
79. Mattson, P. H., 1968b, Geologic map of the Jayüya quadrangle, Puerto Rico: U.S. Geological Survey Miscellaneous Geologic Investigations Map I-520, scale 1:20,000.
80. Mattson, P. H., 1973, Middle Cretaceous nappe structures in Puerto Rican ophiolites and their relation to tectonic history of the Greater Antilles: Geological Society of America Bulletin, v. 84, p. 21-38.
81. Mattson, P. H., 1979, Subduction, buoyant braking, flipping, and strike-slip faulting in the northern Caribbean: Journal of Geology, v. 87, p. 293-304.
82. Mattson, P. H., and Pessagno, E. A., 1971, Caribbean Eocene volcanism and Atlantic Ocean layer A: Science, v. 174, p. 138-139.
83. Mattson, P. H., and Pessagno, E. A., Jr., 1979, Jurassic and Early Cretaceous radiolarian chert from Puerto Rican ophiolite - tectonic implications: Geology, v. 7, p. 440-444.
84. Mattson, P. H., Pessagno, E. A., Jr., and Helsley, C. E., 1973, Outcropping Layer A and A″correlatives in the Greater Antilles, in Shagam, R., et al., eds., Studies in earth and space sciences: Geological Society of America Memoir 132, p. 57-66.
85. McIntyre, D. H., 1971, Geologic map of the Central La Plata quadrangle, Puerto Rico: U.S. Geological Survey Miscellaneous Geologic Investigations Map I-660, scale 1:20,000.
86. McIntyre, D. H., 1974, Concepcíon and Palma Escrita Formations, western Puerto Rico: U.S. Geological Survey Bulletin 1394-D, p. D1-D9.
87. McIntyre, D. H., 1975, Geologic map of the Maricao quadrangle, Puerto Rico: U.S. Geological Survey Miscellaneous Geologic Investigations Map I-918, scale 1:20,000.
88. McIntyre, D. H., Aaron, J. M., and Tobisch, O. T., 1970, Cretaceous and lower Tertiary stratigraphy in northwestern Puerto Rico: U.S. Geological Survey Bulletin 1294-D, 16 p.
89. Meyerhoff, H. A., 1933, Geology of Puerto Rico: University of Puerto Rico Monograph Series, v. B, no. 1, 306 p.
90. Meyerhoff, H. A., and Smith, I. F., 1931, The geology of the Fajardo district, Porto Rico: New York Academy of Science Scientific Survey of Porto Rico and Virgin Islands, v. 2, p. 201-360.
91. M'Gonigle, J. W., 1977, The Rió Abajo, Pitahaya, and Daguao Formations in eastern Puerto Rico: U.S. Geological Survey Bulletin 1435-B, 10 p.
92. M'Gonigle, J.W., 1978, Geologic map of the Humacao quadrangle, Puerto Rico: U.S. Geological Survey Miscellaneous Geologic Investigations Map I-1070, scale 1:20,000.
93. Mitchell, G. J., 1922, Geology of the Ponce district, Porto Rico: New York Academy of Science Scientific Survey of Porto Rico and the Virgin Islands, v. 1, p. 229-300.
94. Monroe, W. H., 1977, Geologic map of the Carolina quadrangle, Puerto Rico: U.S. Geological Survey Miscellaneous Geologic Investigations Map I-1054, scale 1:20,000.
95. Monroe, W. H., and Pease, M. H., Jr., 1962, Preliminary geologic map of the Bayamón quadrangle, Puerto Rico: U.S. Geological Survey Miscellaneous Geologic Investigations Map I-347, scale 1:20,000.
96. Montgomery, H., Robinson, E., Saunders, J., and Van den Bold,W., 1991, Paleontology of the Toa Baja #1 well, Puerto Rico: Geophysical Research Letters, v. 18, p. 509-512.
97. Montgomery, H., Pessagno, E. A., Jr., and Pindell, J. L., 1994a, A 195 Ma terrane in a 165 Ma sea: Pacific origin of the Caribbean plate: GSA Today, v. 4, p. 1-6.
98. Montgomery, H., Pessagno, E. A., Jr., Lewis, J. F., and Schellekens, J. H., 1994b, Paleogeography of Jurassic fragments in the Caribbean: Tectonics, v. 13, p. 725-732.
99. Nelson, A. E., 1966a, Cretaceous and Tertiary rocks in the Corozal quadrangle, Puerto Rico: U.S. Geological Survey Bulletin 1244-C, 20 p., scale 1:20,000.
100. Nelson, A. E., 1966b, Significant changes in volcanism during the Cretaceous in north-central Puerto Rico: U.S. Geological Survey Professional Paper, 550D, p. D172-D177.
101. Nelson, A. E., 1967a, Geologic map of the Corozal quadrangle, Puerto Rico: U.S. Geological Survey Miscellaneous Geologic Investigations Map I-473, scale 1:20,000.
102. Nelson, A. E., 1967b, Geologic map of the Utuado quadrangle, Puerto Rico: U.S. Geological Survey Miscellaneous Geologic Investigations Map I-480, scale 1:20,000.
103. Nelson, A. E., and Monroe, W. H., 1966, Geology of the Florida quadrangle, northern Puerto Rico: U.S. Geological Survey Bulletin 1221-C, 22 p.
104. Nelson, A. E., and Tobisch, O. T., 1967, The Matilde and Milagros Formations of Early Tertiary age in northwest Puerto Rico: U.S. Geological Survey Bulletin 1254-A, p. A19-A23.
105. Nelson, A E., and Tobisch, O. T., 1968, Geologic map of the Bayamon quadrangle, Puerto Rico: U.S. Geological Survey Miscellaneous Investigations Map I-525, scale 1:20,000.
106. Officer, C. B., Ewing, J. I., Edwards, R. S., and Johnson, H, R., 1957, Geophysical investigations in the eastern Caribbean, Venezuelan basin, Antilles island arc, and Puerto Rican outer trench: Geological Society of America Bulletin, v. 68, p. 359-378.
107. Otalora, G., 1961, Geology of the Barranquitas quadrangle, Central Puerto Rico [Ph.D. thesis]: Princeton, New Jersey, Princeton University, 152 p.
108. Otalora, G., 1964, Zeolites and related minerals in Cretaceous rocks of eastcentral Puerto Rico: American Journal of Science, v. 262, p. 726-734.
109. Pearce, J. A., 1983, Role of sub-continental lithosphere in magma genesis at active continental margins, in Hawkesworth, C. J., Norry, M. J., eds., Continental basalts and mantle xenoliths: Cheshire, UK, Shiva Publishing Ltd., p. 230-249.
110. Pease, M. H., Jr., 1968a, Geologic map of the Aguas Buenas quadrangle, Puerto Rico: U.S. Geological Survey Miscellaneous Geological Investigations Map I-479, scale 1:20,000.
111. Pease, M. H., Jr., 1968b, Geologic map of the Naranjito quadrangle, Puerto Rico: U.S. Geological Survey Miscellaneous Geologic Investigations Map I-508, scale 1:20,000.
112. Pease, M. H., Jr., 1968c, Cretaceous and lower Tertiary stratigraphy of the Naranjito and Aguas Buenas quadrangles and adjacent areas, northern Puerto Rico: U.S. Geological Survey Bulletin 1253, 57 p.
113. Pease, M. H., Jr., and Briggs, R. P., 1960, Geology of the Comerio quadrangle, Puerto Rico: U.S. Geological Survey Miscellaneous Geologic Investigations Map I-320, scale 1:20,000.
114. Pessagno, E. A., 1960, Stratigraphy and micropaleontology of the Cretaceous and lower Tertiary of Puerto Rico: Micropaleontology, v. 6, p. 87-110.
115. Pessagno, E. A., 1962, The Upper Cretaceous stratigraphy and micropaleontology of Puerto Rico: Micropaleontology, v. 8, p. 349-368.
116. Pindell, J. L., 1994, Evolution of the Gulf of Mexico and the Caribbean, in Donovan, S. K., and Jackson, T. A., eds., Caribbean geology: an introduction: Kingston, Jamaica, University of the West Indies Publishers'Association, p. 13-40.
117. Pindell, J. L., and 6 others, 1988, A plate kinematic framework for models of Caribbean evolution: Tectonophysics, v. 155, p. 121-138.
118. Pindell, J. L., and Barrett, S. F., 1990, Geological evolution of the Caribbean region: a plate tectonic perspective, in Dengo, G., and Case, J. E., eds., The Caribbean Region: Boulder Colorado, Geological Society of America, The Geology of North America, v. H, p. 405-432.
119. Reid, J. A., Plumley, P.W., and Schellekens, J. H., 1991, Paleomagnetic evidence for Late Miocene counter-clockwise rotation of north-coast carbonate sequence, Puerto Rico: Geophysical Research Letters, v. 18, p. 565-568.
120. Rogers, C. L., 1979, Geologic map of the Caguas quadrangle, Puerto Rico: U.S. Geological Survey Miscellaneous Investigations Map I-1152, scale 1:20,000.
121. Rogers, C. L., Cram, C., Pease, M. H., and Tischler, M., 1979, Geologic map of the Yabucoa and Punta Tuna quadrangles, Puerto Rico: U.S. Geological Survey Miscellaneous Investigations Map I-1086, scale 1:20,000.
122. Sampayo, M. M., 1992, Stratigraphy and sedimentology of the Monte Grande Formation, southwest Puerto Rico [M.Sc. thesis]: Boulder Colorado, The University of Colorado, 97 p.
123. Santos, H., 1990, The stratigraphy, paleoenvironments, and biofacies of the Upper Cretaceous Cotui Limestone of southwestern Puerto Rico: M.Sc. Thesis, The University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, 107 p.
124. Schellekens, J. H., 1993, Geochemical evolution of volcanic rocks in Puerto Rico [Ph.D. thesis]: Syracuse, New York, University of Syracuse, 289 p.
125. Schellekens, J. H., Montgomery, H., Joyce, J., and Smith, A. L., 1991, Late Jurassic to Late Cretaceous development of island arc crust in southwestern Puerto Rico, in Larue, D. K., and Draper, G., eds., Transactions of the Caribbean Geological Conference, v. 12, p. 268-281, Miami Geological Society, Miami, Florida.
126. Seiders,V. M., 1971a, Geologic map of the Gurabo quadrangle, Puerto Rico: U.S. Geological Survey Miscellaneous Geologic Investigations Map I-657, scale 1:20,000.
127. Seiders, V. M., 1971b, Geologic map of the El Yunque quadrangle, Puerto Rico: U.S. Geological Survey Miscellaneous Geologic Investigations Map I-658, scale 1:20,000.
128. Seiders, V. M., 1971c, Cretaceous and lower Tertiary stratigraphy of the Gurabo and El Yunque quadrangles, Puerto Rico: U.S. Geological Survey Bulletin 1294-F, 58 p.
129. Semmes, D. R., 1919, The geology of the San Juan district, Porto Rico: New York Academy of Sciences Scientific Survey of Porto Rico and Virgin Islands, v. 1, p. 33-110.
130. Slodowski, T. R., 1956, Geology of the Yauco area, Puerto Rico [Ph.D. thesis]: Princeton, New Jersey, Princeton University, 130 p.
131. Smith, A. L., and Schellekens, J. H., 1994, Batholith emplacement in the northeastern Caribbean: Markers of tectonic change (abs.): Eos (Transactions, American Geophysical Union), v. 75, p. 594.
132. Sun, S.-S., and McDonough, W. F., 1989, Chemical and isotopic systematics of oceanic basalts: Implications for mantle composition and processes, in Saunders, A. D., and Norry,M. J., eds., Magmatism in ocean basins, Geological Society of London Special Publication, v. 42, p. 313-345.
133. Sykes, L. R., McCann, W. R., and Kafka, A. L., 1982, Motion of the Caribbean Plate during last 7 million years and implications for earlier Cenozoic movements: Journal of Geophysical Research, v. 87, p. 10656-10676.
134. Tobisch, O. T., 1968, Gneissic amphibolite at Las Palmas, southwestern Puerto Rico, and its significance in the early history of the Greater Antilles island arc: Geological Society of America Bulletin, v. 79, p. 557-574.
135. Tobisch, O. T., and Turner, M. D., 1971, Geologic map of San Sebastían quadrangle, Puerto Rico: U.S. Geological Survey Miscellaneous Geologic Investigations Map I-661, scale 1:20,000.
136. Tzeng, S.-Y., 1976, Low-grade metamorphism in east-central Puerto Rico [Ph.D. thesis]: Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, University of Pittsburgh, 159 p.
137. Van Fossen, M. C., Channell, J. E. T., and Schellekens, J. H., 1989, Paleomagnetic evidence for Tertiary anticlockwise rotation in southwest Puerto Rico: Geophysical Research Letters, v. 16, p. 819-822.
138. Volckmann, R. P., 1984a, Upper Cretaceous stratigraphy of southwest Puerto Rico, in Stratigraphic Notes 1983: U.S. Geological Survey Bulletin 1537-A, p. A73-A83.
139. Volckmann, R. P., 1984b, Geologic map of the Cabo Rojo and Parguera quadrangles, southwest Puerto Rico: U.S. Geological Survey Miscellaneous Geologic Investigations Map I-1557, scale 1:20,000.
140. Volckmann, R. P., 1984c, Geologic map of the San German quadrangle, southwest Puerto Rico: U.S. Geological Survey Miscellaneous Geologic Investigations Map I-1558, scale 1:20,000.
141. Volckmann, R. P., 1984d, Geologic map of the Puerto Real quadrangle, southwest Puerto Rico: U.S. Geological Survey Miscellaneous Geologic Investigations Map I-1559, scale 1:20,000.
142. Wadge, G., Draper, G., Lewis, J. F., 1983, Ophiolites of the northern Caribbean: a reappraisal of their roles in the evolution of the Caribbean plate boundary, in Gass, I. G., et al., eds., Ophiolites and oceanic boundaries: Geological Society of London Special Publication, v. 13, p. 367-380.
143. Weaver, J. D., 1958, Utuado pluton, Puerto Rico: Geological Society of America Bulletin, v. 69, p. 1125-1142.
144. Weiland, T. J., 1988, Petrology of volcanic rocks in lower Cretaceous formations of northeastern Puerto Rico [Ph.D. thesis]: Chapel Hill, North Carolina, University of North Carolina, 205 p.
145. Woodhead, J. D., and Johnson, R. W., 1993, Isotopic and trace-element profiles across the New Britain island arc, Papua New Guinea: Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology, v. 113, p. 479-491. (Pubitemid 23391798)