Has testing been normalized? An analysis of changes in barriers to HIV testing among men who have sex with men between 2000 and 2010 in Scotland, UK

HIV Medicine

Volumn 14, Issue 2, 2013, Pages 92-98

  Flowers, P ^a   Knussen, C ^a   Li, J ^b   Mcdaid, L ^b  

^a GLASGOW CALEDONIAN UNIVERSITY   (United Kingdom)

^b MRC SOCIAL AND PUBLIC HEALTH SCIENCES UNIT   (United Kingdom)

Author keywords

Barriers to testing; Gay men; HIV normalization; HIV testing

Indexed keywords

ADULT; ARTICLE; CLINICAL ASSESSMENT; COMMUNITY; CONTROLLED STUDY; CROSS-SECTIONAL STUDY; DIAGNOSTIC TEST ACCURACY STUDY; FEAR; GLASGOW OUTCOME SCALE; HEALTH SURVEY; HIV TEST; HUMAN; HUMAN IMMUNODEFICIENCY VIRUS INFECTION; MAJOR CLINICAL STUDY; MALE; MALE HOMOSEXUAL; PREDICTIVE VALUE; PRIORITY JOURNAL; SENSITIVITY AND SPECIFICITY; SEXUAL BEHAVIOR; UNITED KINGDOM;

ADULT; CROSS-SECTIONAL STUDIES; HEALTH BEHAVIOR; HEALTH KNOWLEDGE, ATTITUDES, PRACTICE; HEALTH PROMOTION; HIV SEROPOSITIVITY; HOMOSEXUALITY, MALE; HUMANS; LOGISTIC MODELS; MALE; MASS SCREENING; MIDDLE AGED; QUESTIONNAIRES; SCOTLAND; SEXUAL BEHAVIOR; SEXUAL PARTNERS; SOCIAL STIGMA;

EID: 84871929566     PISSN: 14642662     EISSN: 14681293     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1111/j.1468-1293.2012.01041.x     Document Type: Article

References (30)

1. Deblonde J, Meulemans H, Callens S, Luchters S, Temmerman M, Hamers FF. HIV testing in Europe: mapping policies. Health Policy 2011; 103: 101-110.
2. Chou R, Huffman LH, Fu R, Smits AK, Korthuis PT. Screening for HIV: a review of the evidence for the U.S. preventive services task force. Ann Intern Med 2005; 143: 55-73.
3. Frieden TR, Das-Douglas M, Kellerman SE, Henning KJ. Applying public health principles to the HIV epidemic. N Engl J Med 2005; 353: 2397-2402.
4. De Cock KM, Johnson AM. From exceptionalism to normalisation: a reappraisal of attitudes and practice around HIV testing. BMJ 1998; 316: 290-293.
5. Centres for Disease Control and Prevention. HIV testing among men who have sex with men - 21 Cities, United States, 2008. MMWR 2011; 60: 694-699.
6. Health Protection Agency. HIV in the United Kingdom: 2009 Report. London: Health Protection Agency, 2009.
7. Scottish Government. HIV action plan in Scotland. 2009. Available at www.scotland.gov.uk/Publications/2009/11/24105426/0 (accessed 16 August 2012).
8. Cohen MS, Gay CL. Treatment to prevent transmission of HIV-1. Clin Infect Dis 2010; 50 (Suppl. 3): S85-S95.
9. Cohen MS, Shaw GM, McMichael AJ, Haynes BF. Acute HIV-1 Infection. N Engl J Med 2011; 364: 1943-1954.
10. Grant RM, Lama JR, Anderson PL etal. Preexposure chemoprophylaxis for HIV prevention in men who have sex with men. N Engl J Med 2010; 363: 2587-2599.
11. Zablotska IB, Imrie J, Prestage G, Crawford J, Rawstorne P, Grulich A, Jin F, Kippax S. Gay men's current practice of HIV seroconcordant unprotected anal intercourse: serosorting or seroguessing? AIDS Care 2009; 21: 501-510.
12. Ross F, Wardle D, Currie A, Baguley S. HIV testing in Scotland: are we meeting the standard? BASHH Scotland National Audit 2004. BASHH Scotland National Audit 2004 2004. Available at www.bashh.org/documents/797/797.pdf (accessed 16 August 2012).
13. Williamson LM, Flowers P, Knussen C, Hart GJ. HIV testing trends among gay men in Scotland, UK (1996-2005): implications for HIV testing policies and prevention. Sex Transm Infect 2009; 85: 550-554.
14. Knussen C, Flowers P, McDaid LM, Hart GJ. HIV-related sexual risk behaviour between 1996 and 2008, according to age, among men who have sex with men (Scotland). Sex Transm Infect 2011; 87: 257-259.
15. Health Protection Scotland. Unlinked anonymous HIV testing of genitourinary medicine clinic attendees in Glasgow: 2008. HPS Wkly Rep 2010; 44: 76-77. Available at www.hps.scot.nhs.uk/bbvsti/wrdetail.aspx?id=44030&wrtype=9 (accessed 16 August 2012).
16. Marks G, Crepaz N, Janssen RS. Estimating sexual transmission of HIV from persons aware and unaware that they are infected with the virus in the USA. AIDS 2006; 20: 1447-1450.
17. European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control. HIV testing: increasing uptake and effectiveness in the European Union. 2010. Available at http://ecdc.europa.eu/en/publications/Publications/101129_GUI_HIV_testing.pdf (accessed 16 August 2012).
18. Imrie J, Macdonald N. HIV testing in men who have sex with men: are we ready to take the next HIV testing test? Sex Transm Infect 2009; 85: 487-488.
19. Guy R, Goller JL, Spelman T etal. Does the frequency of HIV and STI testing among men who have sex with men in primary care adhere with Australian guidelines? Sex Transm Infect 2010; 86: 371-376.
20. De Wit JBF, Adam PCG. To test or not to test: psychosocial barriers to HIV testing in high-income countries. HIV Med 2008; 9 (Suppl. S2): 20-22.
21. Deblonde J, De Koker P, Hamers FF, Fontaine J, Luchters S, Temmerman M. Barriers to HIV testing in Europe: a systematic review. Eur J Public Health 2010; 20: 422-432.
22. Mounier-Jack S, Neilson S, Coker RJ. HIV testing strategies across European countries. HIV Med 2008; 9 (Suppl. S2): 13-19.
23. Hart GJ, Williamson LM. Increase in HIV sexual risk behaviour in homosexual men in Scotland, 1996-2002: prevention failure? Sex Transm Infect 2005; 81: 367-372.
24. McDaid LM, Hart GJ. Increased HIV testing and reduced undiagnosed infection among gay men in Scotland, 2005-8: support for the opt-out testing policy? Sex Transm Infect 2011; 87: 221-224.
25. Wei C, Herrick A, Raymond HF, Anglemyer A, Gerbase A, Noar SM. Social marketing interventions to increase HIV/STI testing uptake among men who have sex with men and male-to-female transgender women. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews 2011; 9: CD009337.
26. McDaid LM, Li J, Knussen C, Flowers P. Sexually transmitted infection testing and self-reported diagnoses among a community sample of men who have sex with men in Scotland. forthcoming.
27. Vernazza P, Hirschel B, Bernasconi E, Flepp M. Les personnes séropositives ne souffrant d'aucune autre MST et suivant un traitement antirétroviral efficace ne transmettent pas le VIH par voie sexuelle [HIV seropositive persons without sexually transmitted diseases under fully suppressive antiretroviral treatment do not sexually transmit HIV]. Bulletin des Médecins Suisses 2008; 89: 165-169.
28. Flowers P. HIV transitions: consequences for self in an era of medicalisation. In: Davis M, Squire C, eds. HIV Treatment and Prevention Technologies in International Perspective. Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan, 2010; 109-125.
29. Clutterbuck DJ, Flowers P, Barber T etal. The United Kingdom National guideline on safer sex advice. Int J STD AIDS 2012; 23: 381-388.
30. Lorenc T, Marrero-Guillamón I, Aggleton P, Cooper C, Llewellyn A, Lehmann A, Lindsay C. Promoting the uptake of HIV testing among men who have sex with men: systematic review of effectiveness and cost-effectiveness. Sex Transm Infect 2011; 87: 272-278.