메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 1, Issue , 2012, Pages

Primary cilia utilize glycoprotein-dependent adhesion mechanisms to stabilize long-lasting cilia-cilia contacts

Author keywords

Adhesion; Contact; Direct sensing; Glycoprotein; Primary cilia

Indexed keywords

CALCIUM; DITHIOTHREITOL; GLYCOPROTEIN; PROTEINASE; SWAINSONINE;

EID: 84871833081     PISSN: None     EISSN: 20462530     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1186/2046-2530-1-3     Document Type: Article
Times cited : (21)

References (41)
  • 2
    • 38349000827 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Intraflagellar transport motors in cilia: moving along the cell's antenna
    • 10.1083/jcb.200709133, 2213603, 18180368
    • Scholey JM. Intraflagellar transport motors in cilia: moving along the cell's antenna. J Cell Biol 2008, 180:23-29. 10.1083/jcb.200709133, 2213603, 18180368.
    • (2008) J Cell Biol , vol.180 , pp. 23-29
    • Scholey, J.M.1
  • 3
    • 0027133182 scopus 로고
    • Cilia, ciliary concanavalin A-binding proteins, and mating recognition in Tetrahymena thermophila
    • Wolfe J, Mpoke S, Tirone SF. Cilia, ciliary concanavalin A-binding proteins, and mating recognition in Tetrahymena thermophila. Exp Mol Pathol 1993, 209:342-349.
    • (1993) Exp Mol Pathol , vol.209 , pp. 342-349
    • Wolfe, J.1    Mpoke, S.2    Tirone, S.F.3
  • 4
    • 0028964652 scopus 로고
    • Conjugation in the ciliate Euplotes octocarinatus: comparison of ciliary and cell body-associated glycoconjugates of non-mating-competent, mating-competent, and conjugating cells
    • 10.1006/excr.1995.1114, 7698250
    • Plumper E, Freiburg M, Heckmann K. Conjugation in the ciliate Euplotes octocarinatus: comparison of ciliary and cell body-associated glycoconjugates of non-mating-competent, mating-competent, and conjugating cells. Exp Cell Res 1995, 217:490-496. 10.1006/excr.1995.1114, 7698250.
    • (1995) Exp Cell Res , vol.217 , pp. 490-496
    • Plumper, E.1    Freiburg, M.2    Heckmann, K.3
  • 5
    • 0024742524 scopus 로고
    • Wheat germ agglutinin induces mating reactions in Chlamydomonas eugametos by cross-linking agglutinin-associated glycoproteins in the flagellar membrane
    • 10.1083/jcb.109.4.1677, 2115781, 2551909
    • Kooijman R, de Wildt P, Beumer S, van der Vliet G, Homan W, Kalshoven H, Musgrave A, van den Ende H. Wheat germ agglutinin induces mating reactions in Chlamydomonas eugametos by cross-linking agglutinin-associated glycoproteins in the flagellar membrane. J Cell Biol 1989, 109:1677-1687. 10.1083/jcb.109.4.1677, 2115781, 2551909.
    • (1989) J Cell Biol , vol.109 , pp. 1677-1687
    • Kooijman, R.1    de Wildt, P.2    Beumer, S.3    van der Vliet, G.4    Homan, W.5    Kalshoven, H.6    Musgrave, A.7    van den Ende, H.8
  • 6
    • 0042357310 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Flagellar adhesion between mating type plus and mating type minus gametes activates a flagellar protein-tyrosine kinase during fertilization in Chlamydomonas
    • 10.1074/jbc.M303261200, 12821679
    • Wang Q, Snell WJ. Flagellar adhesion between mating type plus and mating type minus gametes activates a flagellar protein-tyrosine kinase during fertilization in Chlamydomonas. J Biol Chem 2003, 278:32936-32942. 10.1074/jbc.M303261200, 12821679.
    • (2003) J Biol Chem , vol.278 , pp. 32936-32942
    • Wang, Q.1    Snell, W.J.2
  • 7
    • 0033994097 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Assay and importance of adhesive interaction between hamster (Mesocricetus auratus) oocyte-cumulus complexes and the oviductal epithelium
    • 10.1095/biolreprod62.3.579, 10684798
    • Lam X, Gieseke C, Knoll M, Talbot P. Assay and importance of adhesive interaction between hamster (Mesocricetus auratus) oocyte-cumulus complexes and the oviductal epithelium. Biol Reprod 2000, 62:579-588. 10.1095/biolreprod62.3.579, 10684798.
    • (2000) Biol Reprod , vol.62 , pp. 579-588
    • Lam, X.1    Gieseke, C.2    Knoll, M.3    Talbot, P.4
  • 8
    • 0032895269 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Oocyte pickup by the mammalian oviduct
    • 25149, 9880322
    • Talbot P, Geiske C, Knoll M. Oocyte pickup by the mammalian oviduct. Mol Biol Cell 1999, 10:5-8. 25149, 9880322.
    • (1999) Mol Biol Cell , vol.10 , pp. 5-8
    • Talbot, P.1    Geiske, C.2    Knoll, M.3
  • 9
    • 77954591293 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Capture of particles by direct interception by cilia during feeding of a gastropod veliger
    • Romero MR, Kelstrup HC, Strathmann RR. Capture of particles by direct interception by cilia during feeding of a gastropod veliger. Biol Bull 2010, 218:145-159.
    • (2010) Biol Bull , vol.218 , pp. 145-159
    • Romero, M.R.1    Kelstrup, H.C.2    Strathmann, R.R.3
  • 10
    • 0014502393 scopus 로고
    • New ultrastructural findings regarding a vestibular ciliary apparatus and its possible functional significance
    • 10.1016/0006-8993(69)90301-1, 5305680
    • Hillman DE. New ultrastructural findings regarding a vestibular ciliary apparatus and its possible functional significance. Brain Res 1969, 13:407-412. 10.1016/0006-8993(69)90301-1, 5305680.
    • (1969) Brain Res , vol.13 , pp. 407-412
    • Hillman, D.E.1
  • 11
    • 18844363457 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cadherin 23 is a component of the transient lateral links in the developing hair bundles of cochlear sensory cells
    • 10.1016/j.ydbio.2005.01.014, 15882573
    • Michel V, Goodyear RJ, Weil D, Marcotti W, Perfettini I, Wolfrum U, Kros CJ, Richardson GP, Petit C. Cadherin 23 is a component of the transient lateral links in the developing hair bundles of cochlear sensory cells. Dev Biol 2005, 280:281-294. 10.1016/j.ydbio.2005.01.014, 15882573.
    • (2005) Dev Biol , vol.280 , pp. 281-294
    • Michel, V.1    Goodyear, R.J.2    Weil, D.3    Marcotti, W.4    Perfettini, I.5    Wolfrum, U.6    Kros, C.J.7    Richardson, G.P.8    Petit, C.9
  • 13
    • 34247399117 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Four-dimensional imaging of filter-grown polarized epithelial cells
    • 10.1007/s00418-007-0274-x, 17308935
    • Wakabayashi Y, Chua J, Larkin JM, Lippincott-Schwartz J, Arias IM. Four-dimensional imaging of filter-grown polarized epithelial cells. Histochem Cell Biol 2007, 127:463-472. 10.1007/s00418-007-0274-x, 17308935.
    • (2007) Histochem Cell Biol , vol.127 , pp. 463-472
    • Wakabayashi, Y.1    Chua, J.2    Larkin, J.M.3    Lippincott-Schwartz, J.4    Arias, I.M.5
  • 14
    • 67449146294 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Culturing MDCK cells in three dimensions for analyzing intracellular dynamics
    • Chapter 4, Unit 4
    • Elia N, Lippincott-Schwartz J. Culturing MDCK cells in three dimensions for analyzing intracellular dynamics. Curr Protoc Cell Biol 2009, Chapter 4:Unit 4.
    • (2009) Curr Protoc Cell Biol
    • Elia, N.1    Lippincott-Schwartz, J.2
  • 15
    • 66449124518 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Functional depletion of mahogunin by cytosolically exposed prion protein contributes to neurodegeneration
    • 10.1016/j.cell.2009.03.042, 2709807, 19524515
    • Chakrabarti O, Hegde RS. Functional depletion of mahogunin by cytosolically exposed prion protein contributes to neurodegeneration. Cell 2009, 137:1136-1147. 10.1016/j.cell.2009.03.042, 2709807, 19524515.
    • (2009) Cell , vol.137 , pp. 1136-1147
    • Chakrabarti, O.1    Hegde, R.S.2
  • 16
    • 49449101281 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Intraflagellar transport and the sensory outer segment of vertebrate photoreceptors
    • 10.1002/dvdy.21554, 2692564, 18489002
    • Insinna C, Besharse JC. Intraflagellar transport and the sensory outer segment of vertebrate photoreceptors. Dev Dyn 2008, 237:1982-1992. 10.1002/dvdy.21554, 2692564, 18489002.
    • (2008) Dev Dyn , vol.237 , pp. 1982-1992
    • Insinna, C.1    Besharse, J.C.2
  • 17
    • 49449094484 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cholangiocyte primary cilia in liver health and disease
    • 10.1002/dvdy.21530, 2574848, 18407555
    • Masyuk AI, Masyuk TV, LaRusso NF. Cholangiocyte primary cilia in liver health and disease. Dev Dyn 2008, 237:2007-2012. 10.1002/dvdy.21530, 2574848, 18407555.
    • (2008) Dev Dyn , vol.237 , pp. 2007-2012
    • Masyuk, A.I.1    Masyuk, T.V.2    LaRusso, N.F.3
  • 18
    • 49449100123 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Characterization of primary cilia and Hedgehog signaling during development of the human pancreas and in human pancreatic duct cancer cell lines
    • 10.1002/dvdy.21610, 18629868
    • Nielsen SK, Mollgard K, Clement CA, Veland IR, Awan A, Yoder BK, Novak I, Christensen ST. Characterization of primary cilia and Hedgehog signaling during development of the human pancreas and in human pancreatic duct cancer cell lines. Dev Dyn 2008, 237:2039-2052. 10.1002/dvdy.21610, 18629868.
    • (2008) Dev Dyn , vol.237 , pp. 2039-2052
    • Nielsen, S.K.1    Mollgard, K.2    Clement, C.A.3    Veland, I.R.4    Awan, A.5    Yoder, B.K.6    Novak, I.7    Christensen, S.T.8
  • 19
    • 33947186902 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Prominin-2 is a cholesterol-binding protein associated with apical and basolateral plasmalemmal protrusions in polarized epithelial cells and released into urine
    • 10.1007/s00441-006-0324-z, 17109118
    • Florek M, Bauer N, Janich P, Wilsch-Braeuninger M, Fargeas CA, Marzesco AM, Ehninger G, Thiele C, Huttner WB, Corbeil D. Prominin-2 is a cholesterol-binding protein associated with apical and basolateral plasmalemmal protrusions in polarized epithelial cells and released into urine. Cell Tissue Res 2007, 328:31-47. 10.1007/s00441-006-0324-z, 17109118.
    • (2007) Cell Tissue Res , vol.328 , pp. 31-47
    • Florek, M.1    Bauer, N.2    Janich, P.3    Wilsch-Braeuninger, M.4    Fargeas, C.A.5    Marzesco, A.M.6    Ehninger, G.7    Thiele, C.8    Huttner, W.B.9    Corbeil, D.10
  • 20
    • 6344277202 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Beta1-integrins in the primary cilium of MDCK cells potentiate fibronectin-induced Ca2+ signaling
    • 10.1152/ajprenal.00096.2004, 15226154
    • Praetorius HA, Praetorius J, Nielsen S, Frokiaer J, Spring KR. Beta1-integrins in the primary cilium of MDCK cells potentiate fibronectin-induced Ca2+ signaling. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 2004, 287:F969-F978. 10.1152/ajprenal.00096.2004, 15226154.
    • (2004) Am J Physiol Renal Physiol , vol.287
    • Praetorius, H.A.1    Praetorius, J.2    Nielsen, S.3    Frokiaer, J.4    Spring, K.R.5
  • 21
    • 0023926935 scopus 로고
    • The cadherins: cell-cell adhesion molecules controlling animal morphogenesis
    • Takeichi M. The cadherins: cell-cell adhesion molecules controlling animal morphogenesis. Development 1988, 102:639-655.
    • (1988) Development , vol.102 , pp. 639-655
    • Takeichi, M.1
  • 22
    • 8544259562 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Structural basis for allostery in integrins and binding to fibrinogen-mimetic therapeutics
    • 10.1038/nature02976, 15378069
    • Xiao T, Takagi J, Coller BS, Wang JH, Springer TA. Structural basis for allostery in integrins and binding to fibrinogen-mimetic therapeutics. Nature 2004, 432:59-67. 10.1038/nature02976, 15378069.
    • (2004) Nature , vol.432 , pp. 59-67
    • Xiao, T.1    Takagi, J.2    Coller, B.S.3    Wang, J.H.4    Springer, T.A.5
  • 23
    • 0029069583 scopus 로고
    • The polycystic kidney disease 1 (PKD1) gene encodes a novel protein with multiple cell recognition domains
    • 10.1038/ng0695-151, 7663510
    • Hughes J, Ward CJ, Peral B, Aspinwall R, Clark K, San Millan JL, Gamble V, Harris PC. The polycystic kidney disease 1 (PKD1) gene encodes a novel protein with multiple cell recognition domains. Nat Genet 1995, 10:151-160. 10.1038/ng0695-151, 7663510.
    • (1995) Nat Genet , vol.10 , pp. 151-160
    • Hughes, J.1    Ward, C.J.2    Peral, B.3    Aspinwall, R.4    Clark, K.5    San Millan, J.L.6    Gamble, V.7    Harris, P.C.8
  • 24
    • 0034214837 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Strong homophilic interactions of the Ig-like domains of polycystin-1, the protein product of an autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease gene, PKD1
    • 10.1093/hmg/9.11.1641, 10861291
    • Ibraghimov-Beskrovnaya O, Bukanov NO, Donohue LC, Dackowski WR, Klinger KW, Landes GM. Strong homophilic interactions of the Ig-like domains of polycystin-1, the protein product of an autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease gene, PKD1. Hum Mol Genet 2000, 9:1641-1649. 10.1093/hmg/9.11.1641, 10861291.
    • (2000) Hum Mol Genet , vol.9 , pp. 1641-1649
    • Ibraghimov-Beskrovnaya, O.1    Bukanov, N.O.2    Donohue, L.C.3    Dackowski, W.R.4    Klinger, K.W.5    Landes, G.M.6
  • 26
    • 0019984615 scopus 로고
    • Sexual agglutinins from the Chlamydomonas flagellar membrane Partial purification and characterization
    • Adair WS, Monk BC, Cohen R, Hwang C, Goodenough UW. Sexual agglutinins from the Chlamydomonas flagellar membrane Partial purification and characterization. J Biol Chem 1982, 257:4593-4602.
    • (1982) J Biol Chem , vol.257 , pp. 4593-4602
    • Adair, W.S.1    Monk, B.C.2    Cohen, R.3    Hwang, C.4    Goodenough, U.W.5
  • 27
    • 0013508884 scopus 로고
    • Swainsonine: an inhibitor of glycoprotein processing
    • 10.1073/pnas.78.12.7393, 349273, 6801650
    • Elbein AD, Solf R, Dorling PR, Vosbeck K. Swainsonine: an inhibitor of glycoprotein processing. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 1981, 78:7393-7397. 10.1073/pnas.78.12.7393, 349273, 6801650.
    • (1981) Proc Natl Acad Sci USA , vol.78 , pp. 7393-7397
    • Elbein, A.D.1    Solf, R.2    Dorling, P.R.3    Vosbeck, K.4
  • 28
    • 0020062210 scopus 로고
    • Swainsonine prevents the processing of the oligosaccharide chains of influenza virus hemagglutinin
    • Elbein AD, Dorling PR, Vosbeck K, Horisberger M. Swainsonine prevents the processing of the oligosaccharide chains of influenza virus hemagglutinin. J Biol Chem 1982, 257:1573-1576.
    • (1982) J Biol Chem , vol.257 , pp. 1573-1576
    • Elbein, A.D.1    Dorling, P.R.2    Vosbeck, K.3    Horisberger, M.4
  • 29
    • 27644480032 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Galectin-3 interacts with naive and primed neutrophils, inducing innate immune responses
    • Nieminen J, St-Pierre C, Sato S. Galectin-3 interacts with naive and primed neutrophils, inducing innate immune responses. J Leukoc Biol 2005, 78:1127-1135.
    • (2005) J Leukoc Biol , vol.78 , pp. 1127-1135
    • Nieminen, J.1    St-Pierre, C.2    Sato, S.3
  • 30
    • 35948965967 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Function and dynamics of PKD2 in Chlamydomonas reinhardtii flagella
    • 10.1083/jcb.200704069, 2064795, 17984324
    • Huang K, Diener DR, Mitchell A, Pazour GJ, Witman GB, Rosenbaum JL. Function and dynamics of PKD2 in Chlamydomonas reinhardtii flagella. J Cell Biol 2007, 179:501-514. 10.1083/jcb.200704069, 2064795, 17984324.
    • (2007) J Cell Biol , vol.179 , pp. 501-514
    • Huang, K.1    Diener, D.R.2    Mitchell, A.3    Pazour, G.J.4    Witman, G.B.5    Rosenbaum, J.L.6
  • 31
    • 0024742524 scopus 로고
    • Wheat germ agglutinin induces mating reactions in Chlamydomonas eugametos by cross-linking agglutinin-associated glycoproteins in the flagellar membrane
    • Wang Q, Snell WJ. Wheat germ agglutinin induces mating reactions in Chlamydomonas eugametos by cross-linking agglutinin-associated glycoproteins in the flagellar membrane. J Biol Chem 1989, 109:1677-1687.
    • (1989) J Biol Chem , vol.109 , pp. 1677-1687
    • Wang, Q.1    Snell, W.J.2
  • 32
    • 0018694416 scopus 로고
    • The resorption of primary cilia during mitosis in a vertebrate (PtK1) cell line
    • 10.1016/S0022-5320(79)90152-7, 480410
    • Rieder CL, Jensen CG, Jensen LC. The resorption of primary cilia during mitosis in a vertebrate (PtK1) cell line. J Ultrastruct Res 1979, 68:173-185. 10.1016/S0022-5320(79)90152-7, 480410.
    • (1979) J Ultrastruct Res , vol.68 , pp. 173-185
    • Rieder, C.L.1    Jensen, C.G.2    Jensen, L.C.3
  • 33
    • 0027410889 scopus 로고
    • The Met receptor tyrosine kinase transduces motility, proliferation, and morphogenic signals of scatter factor/hepatocyte growth factor in epithelial cells
    • 10.1083/jcb.121.1.145, 2119778, 8384622
    • Weidner KM, Sachs M, Birchmeier W. The Met receptor tyrosine kinase transduces motility, proliferation, and morphogenic signals of scatter factor/hepatocyte growth factor in epithelial cells. J Cell Biol 1993, 121:145-154. 10.1083/jcb.121.1.145, 2119778, 8384622.
    • (1993) J Cell Biol , vol.121 , pp. 145-154
    • Weidner, K.M.1    Sachs, M.2    Birchmeier, W.3
  • 34
    • 0016654403 scopus 로고
    • Electron microscopical reconstruction of the anterior sensory anatomy of the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans.?2UU
    • 10.1002/cne.901600305, 1112927
    • Ward S, Thomson N, White JG, Brenner S. Electron microscopical reconstruction of the anterior sensory anatomy of the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans.?2UU. J Comp Neurol 1975, 160:313-337. 10.1002/cne.901600305, 1112927.
    • (1975) J Comp Neurol , vol.160 , pp. 313-337
    • Ward, S.1    Thomson, N.2    White, J.G.3    Brenner, S.4
  • 35
    • 0020538471 scopus 로고
    • Identification and visualization of the sexual agglutinin from the mating-type plus flagellar membrane of Chlamydomonas
    • 10.1016/0092-8674(83)90347-1, 6678609
    • Adair WS, Hwang C, Goodenough UW. Identification and visualization of the sexual agglutinin from the mating-type plus flagellar membrane of Chlamydomonas. Cell 1983, 33:183-193. 10.1016/0092-8674(83)90347-1, 6678609.
    • (1983) Cell , vol.33 , pp. 183-193
    • Adair, W.S.1    Hwang, C.2    Goodenough, U.W.3
  • 36
    • 0027964406 scopus 로고
    • Glycolipid receptors for attachment of Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae to porcine respiratory ciliated cells
    • 303118, 7927697
    • Zhang Q, Young TF, Ross RF. Glycolipid receptors for attachment of Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae to porcine respiratory ciliated cells. Infect Immun 1994, 62:4367-4373. 303118, 7927697.
    • (1994) Infect Immun , vol.62 , pp. 4367-4373
    • Zhang, Q.1    Young, T.F.2    Ross, R.F.3
  • 37
    • 0023689178 scopus 로고
    • Receptor analogs and monoclonal antibodies that inhibit adherence of Bordetella pertussis to human ciliated respiratory epithelial cells
    • 10.1084/jem.168.1.267, 2188977, 2899620
    • Tuomanen E, Towbin H, Rosenfelder G, Braun D, Larson G, Hansson GC, Hill R. Receptor analogs and monoclonal antibodies that inhibit adherence of Bordetella pertussis to human ciliated respiratory epithelial cells. J Exp Med 1988, 168:267-277. 10.1084/jem.168.1.267, 2188977, 2899620.
    • (1988) J Exp Med , vol.168 , pp. 267-277
    • Tuomanen, E.1    Towbin, H.2    Rosenfelder, G.3    Braun, D.4    Larson, G.5    Hansson, G.C.6    Hill, R.7
  • 38
    • 0026586142 scopus 로고
    • Pertussis toxin has eukaryotic-like carbohydrate recognition domains
    • 10.1073/pnas.89.1.118, 48187, 1729677
    • Saukkonen K, Burnette WN, Mar VL, Masure HR, Tuomanen EI. Pertussis toxin has eukaryotic-like carbohydrate recognition domains. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 1992, 89:118-122. 10.1073/pnas.89.1.118, 48187, 1729677.
    • (1992) Proc Natl Acad Sci USA , vol.89 , pp. 118-122
    • Saukkonen, K.1    Burnette, W.N.2    Mar, V.L.3    Masure, H.R.4    Tuomanen, E.I.5
  • 39
    • 0018842757 scopus 로고
    • Aggregation-dependent turnover of flagellar adhesion molecules in Chlamydomonas gametes
    • 10.1083/jcb.84.1.203, 2110524, 7350168
    • Snell WJ, Moore WS. Aggregation-dependent turnover of flagellar adhesion molecules in Chlamydomonas gametes. J Cell Biol 1980, 84:203-210. 10.1083/jcb.84.1.203, 2110524, 7350168.
    • (1980) J Cell Biol , vol.84 , pp. 203-210
    • Snell, W.J.1    Moore, W.S.2
  • 40
    • 34547115205 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cell signaling. A ciliary signaling switch
    • 10.1126/science.1146180, 17641189
    • Christensen ST, Ott CM. Cell signaling. A ciliary signaling switch. Science 2007, 317:330-331. 10.1126/science.1146180, 17641189.
    • (2007) Science , vol.317 , pp. 330-331
    • Christensen, S.T.1    Ott, C.M.2
  • 41
    • 0035498717 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Bending the MDCK cell primary cilium increases intracellular calcium
    • 10.1007/s00232-001-0075-4, 11687880
    • Praetorius HA, Spring KR. Bending the MDCK cell primary cilium increases intracellular calcium. J Membr Biol 2001, 184:71-79. 10.1007/s00232-001-0075-4, 11687880.
    • (2001) J Membr Biol , vol.184 , pp. 71-79
    • Praetorius, H.A.1    Spring, K.R.2


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.