메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 71, Issue 3, 2013, Pages 335-349

Smile and the world will smile with you - The effects of a virtual agent's smile on users' evaluation and behavior

Author keywords

Embodied conversational agents; Media equation; Mimicry; Nonverbal behavior; Smiling

Indexed keywords

EMBODIED CONVERSATIONAL AGENT; MEDIA EQUATION; MIMICRY; NONVERBAL BEHAVIOR; SMILING;

EID: 84871816391     PISSN: 10715819     EISSN: 10959300     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.ijhcs.2012.09.006     Document Type: Article
Times cited : (77)

References (111)
  • 2
    • 27744467310 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Digital chameleons. Automatic assimilation of nonverbal gestures in immersive virtual environments
    • J.N. Bailenson, and N. Yee Digital chameleons. Automatic assimilation of nonverbal gestures in immersive virtual environments Psychological Science 16 2005 814 819
    • (2005) Psychological Science , vol.16 , pp. 814-819
    • Bailenson, J.N.1    Yee, N.2
  • 4
    • 0002304169 scopus 로고
    • The four horsemen of automaticity: Awareness, intention, efficiency, and control in social cognition
    • R.S. Wyer, T.K. Scrull, Basic processes. LEA, Hillsdale
    • J.A. Bargh The four horsemen of automaticity: awareness, intention, efficiency, and control in social cognition R.S. Wyer, T.K. Scrull, Handbook of Social Cognition Vol. 1 1994 Basic processes. LEA, Hillsdale 1 40
    • (1994) Handbook of Social Cognition , vol.1 VOL. , pp. 1-40
    • Bargh, J.A.1
  • 5
    • 84986356281 scopus 로고
    • Form and function in motor mimicry: Topographic evidence that the primary function is communicative
    • J.B. Bavelas, A. Black, N. Chovil, C.R. Lemery, and J. Mullett Form and function in motor mimicry: topographic evidence that the primary function is communicative Human Communication Research 14 3 1988 275 299
    • (1988) Human Communication Research , vol.14 , Issue.3 , pp. 275-299
    • Bavelas, J.B.1    Black, A.2    Chovil, N.3    Lemery, C.R.4    Mullett, J.5
  • 10
    • 0035629595 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Computer animated movement and person perception. methodological advances in nonverbal behavior research
    • G. Bente, N.C. Krämer, A. Petersen, and J.P. de Ruiter Computer animated movement and person perception. methodological advances in nonverbal behavior research Journal of Nonverbal Behavior 25 3 2001 151 166
    • (2001) Journal of Nonverbal Behavior , vol.25 , Issue.3 , pp. 151-166
    • Bente, G.1    Krämer, N.C.2    Petersen, A.3    De Ruiter, J.P.4
  • 12
    • 0002262555 scopus 로고
    • Interpersonal coordination: Behavioral matching and interactional synchrony
    • R.S. Feldman, B. Rimé, Cambridge University Press Cambridge
    • F.J. Bernieri, and R. Rosenthal Interpersonal coordination: behavioral matching and interactional synchrony R.S. Feldman, B. Rimé, Fundamentals of Nonverbal Behavior 1991 Cambridge University Press Cambridge 401 432
    • (1991) Fundamentals of Nonverbal Behavior , pp. 401-432
    • Bernieri, F.J.1    Rosenthal, R.2
  • 15
    • 33745777549 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Health dialog systems for patients and consumers
    • T. Bickmore, and T. Giorgino Health dialog systems for patients and consumers Journal of Biomedical Informatics 39 5 2006 556 571
    • (2006) Journal of Biomedical Informatics , vol.39 , Issue.5 , pp. 556-571
    • Bickmore, T.1    Giorgino, T.2
  • 17
    • 0001043854 scopus 로고
    • Adaptation in dyadic interaction: Defining and operationalizing patterns of reciprocity and compensation
    • J.K. Burgoon, L. Dillman, and L. Stern Adaptation in dyadic interaction: defining and operationalizing patterns of reciprocity and compensation Communication Theory 4 1993 295 316
    • (1993) Communication Theory , vol.4 , pp. 295-316
    • Burgoon, J.K.1    Dillman, L.2    Stern, L.3
  • 18
    • 20444484935 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Playing the emotion game with Feelix: What can a LEGO robot tell us about emotion?
    • Dautenhahn, K., Bond, A., Canamero, L., Edmonds, B. (Eds.) Kluwer, Norwell, Ma [3.9.2006]
    • Cañamero, L., 2002. Playing the emotion game with Feelix: What can a LEGO robot tell us about emotion?, in: Dautenhahn, K., Bond, A., Canamero, L., Edmonds, B. (Eds.), Socially intelligent agents: creating relationships with computers and robots. Kluwer, Norwell, Ma, pp. 69-76. Available: 〈http://homepages.feis.herts.ac.uk/∼comqlc/papers/〉 [3.9.2006].
    • (2002) Socially Intelligent Agents: Creating Relationships with Computers and Robots , pp. 69-76
    • Cañamero, L.1
  • 19
    • 0003068367 scopus 로고
    • Mutual adaptation and relativity of measurement
    • B.M. Montgomery, S. Duck
    • J.N. Cappella Mutual adaptation and relativity of measurement B.M. Montgomery, S. Duck, Studying Interpersonal Interaction 1991 103 117
    • (1991) Studying Interpersonal Interaction , pp. 103-117
    • Cappella, J.N.1
  • 20
    • 0002971926 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • External manifestations of trustworthiness in the interface
    • J. Cassell, and T. Bickmore External manifestations of trustworthiness in the interface Communications of the ACM 43 12 2000 50 56
    • (2000) Communications of the ACM , vol.43 , Issue.12 , pp. 50-56
    • Cassell, J.1    Bickmore, T.2
  • 22
    • 0003322272 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Human conversation as a system framework: Designing embodied conversational agents
    • J. Cassell, J. Sullivan, S. Prevost, E. Churchill, MIT Press Cambridge
    • J. Cassell, T. Bickmore, L. Campbell, H. Vilhjálmsson, and H. Yan Human conversation as a system framework: designing embodied conversational agents J. Cassell, J. Sullivan, S. Prevost, E. Churchill, Embodied Conversational Agents 2000 MIT Press Cambridge 29 63
    • (2000) Embodied Conversational Agents , pp. 29-63
    • Cassell, J.1    Bickmore, T.2    Campbell, L.3    Vilhjálmsson, H.4    Yan, H.5
  • 23
    • 33646038683 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • MACK: Media lab autonomous conversational Kiosk
    • February 12-15, Monte Carlo
    • Cassell, J., Stocky, T., Bickmore, T., Gao, Y., Nakano, Y., Ryokai, K., Tversky, D., Vaucelle, C., Vilhjálmsson, H., 2002. MACK: media lab autonomous conversational Kiosk. Proceedings of Imagina02. February 12-15, Monte Carlo.
    • (2002) Proceedings of Imagina02
    • Cassell, J.1
  • 24
    • 0033238097 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The chameleon effect: The perception-behavior link and social interaction
    • T.L. Chartrand, and J.A. Bargh The chameleon effect: the perception-behavior link and social interaction Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 76 6 1999 893 910
    • (1999) Journal of Personality and Social Psychology , vol.76 , Issue.6 , pp. 893-910
    • Chartrand, T.L.1    Bargh, J.A.2
  • 25
    • 17844398459 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Beyond the perception-behavior link: The ubiquitous utility and motivational moderators of nonconscious mimicry
    • R.R. Hassin, J.S. Uleman, J.A. Bargh, Oxford University Press Oxford
    • T.L. Chartrand, W.W. Maddux, and J.L. Lakin Beyond the perception-behavior link: the ubiquitous utility and motivational moderators of nonconscious mimicry R.R. Hassin, J.S. Uleman, J.A. Bargh, The New Unconscious 2005 Oxford University Press Oxford 334 361
    • (2005) The New Unconscious , pp. 334-361
    • Chartrand, T.L.1    Maddux, W.W.2    Lakin, J.L.3
  • 27
    • 0013959444 scopus 로고
    • Sound-film analysis of normal and pathological behavior patterns
    • W.S. Condon, and W.D. Ogston Sound-film analysis of normal and pathological behavior patterns Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease 143 1966 338 347
    • (1966) Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease , vol.143 , pp. 338-347
    • Condon, W.S.1    Ogston, W.D.2
  • 28
    • 9444219717 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Embodiment and interaction guidelines for designing credible, trustworthy embodied conversational agents
    • Rist, T., Aylett, R., Ballin, D., Rickel, J. (Eds.) Springer, Berlin
    • Cowell, A.J., Stanney, K.M., 2003. Embodiment and interaction guidelines for designing credible, trustworthy embodied conversational agents, in: Rist, T., Aylett, R., Ballin, D., Rickel, J. (Eds.), Proceedings of the Fourth International Working Conference on Intelligent Virtual Agents (IVA'2003). Springer, Berlin, pp. 301-309.
    • (2003) Proceedings of the Fourth International Working Conference on Intelligent Virtual Agents (IVA'2003) , pp. 301-309
    • Cowell, A.J.1    Stanney, K.M.2
  • 32
    • 0025251905 scopus 로고
    • Facial electromyography and emotional responses
    • U. Dimberg Facial electromyography and emotional responses Psychophysiology 27 1990 481 494
    • (1990) Psychophysiology , vol.27 , pp. 481-494
    • Dimberg, U.1
  • 33
    • 0032019690 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Rapid facial reactions to different emotionally relevant stimuli
    • U. Dimberg, and M. Thunberg Rapid facial reactions to different emotionally relevant stimuli Scandinavian Journal of Psychology 39 1998 39 45
    • (1998) Scandinavian Journal of Psychology , vol.39 , pp. 39-45
    • Dimberg, U.1    Thunberg, M.2
  • 34
    • 0033754607 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Unconscious facial reactions to emotional facial expressions
    • U. Dimberg, M. Thunberg, and K. Elmehed Unconscious facial reactions to emotional facial expressions Psychological Science 11 2001 86 89
    • (2001) Psychological Science , vol.11 , pp. 86-89
    • Dimberg, U.1    Thunberg, M.2    Elmehed, K.3
  • 37
    • 0002944575 scopus 로고
    • A unified approach to the investigation of nonverbal and verbal behavior in communication research
    • W. Doise, S. Moscovici, Cambridge University Press Cambridge
    • S. Frey, H.-P. Hirsbrunner, A. Florin, W. Daw, and R. Crawford A unified approach to the investigation of nonverbal and verbal behavior in communication research W. Doise, S. Moscovici, Current Issues in European Social Psychology (S. 143-199) 1983 Cambridge University Press Cambridge
    • (1983) Current Issues in European Social Psychology (S. 143-199)
    • Frey, S.1    Hirsbrunner, H.-P.2    Florin, A.3    Daw, W.4    Crawford, R.5
  • 39
    • 0007326190 scopus 로고
    • Accommodation theory: Some new directions
    • M.W.S. Silva, Papers in Linguistics New York
    • H. Giles Accommodation theory: some new directions M.W.S. Silva, Aspects of Linguistic Behavior: Festschrift Robert Le Page 1980 Papers in Linguistics New York 105 136
    • (1980) Aspects of Linguistic Behavior: Festschrift Robert le Page , pp. 105-136
    • Giles, H.1
  • 40
    • 0001124942 scopus 로고
    • Speech accommodation theory: The first decade and beyond
    • M.L. McLaughlin, Sage Beverland Hills, CA
    • H. Giles, A. Mulac, J.J. Bradac, and P. Johnson Speech accommodation theory: the first decade and beyond M.L. McLaughlin, Communication Yearbook vol. 10 1987 Sage Beverland Hills, CA 13 48
    • (1987) Communication Yearbook , vol.10 VOL. , pp. 13-48
    • Giles, H.1    Mulac, A.2    Bradac, J.J.3    Johnson, P.4
  • 43
    • 0006362987 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Mimicry: Facts and fiction
    • P. Phillipot, R.S. Feldman, E.J. Coats, Cambridge University Press Cambridge
    • U. Hess, P. Philippot, and S. Blairy Mimicry: facts and fiction P. Phillipot, R.S. Feldman, E.J. Coats, The Social Context of Nonverbal Behaviour 1999 Cambridge University Press Cambridge 213 241
    • (1999) The Social Context of Nonverbal Behaviour , pp. 213-241
    • Hess, U.1    Philippot, P.2    Blairy, S.3
  • 44
    • 0001345630 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Facial reactions to emotional facial expressions: Affect or cognition?
    • U. Hess, P. Phillippot, and S. Blairy Facial reactions to emotional facial expressions: affect or cognition? Cognition and Emotion 22 4 1998 509 531
    • (1998) Cognition and Emotion , vol.22 , Issue.4 , pp. 509-531
    • Hess, U.1    Phillippot, P.2    Blairy, S.3
  • 45
    • 8644267207 scopus 로고
    • A rationale and a test for the number of factors in factor analysis
    • 10.1007/BF02289447
    • J.L. Horn A rationale and a test for the number of factors in factor analysis Psychometrika 30 1965 179 185 10.1007/BF02289447
    • (1965) Psychometrika , vol.30 , pp. 179-185
    • Horn, J.L.1
  • 46
  • 48
    • 43149112224 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Animating and Analyzing Facial Expressions in Human-Computer Interactions: An Appraisal based Approach
    • July 2005, Bari
    • Kaiser, S., Wehrle, T., 2005. Animating and Analyzing Facial Expressions in Human-Computer Interactions: An Appraisal based Approach. Paper Presented at the ISRE General Meeting, July 2005, Bari.
    • (2005) ISRE General Meeting
    • Kaiser, S.1    Wehrle, T.2
  • 50
    • 84871726231 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The importance of being beautiful
    • J.M. Henslin, eleventh ed. The Free Press New York
    • S. Katz The importance of being beautiful J.M. Henslin, Down to Earth Sociology. Introductory Readings eleventh ed. 2001 The Free Press New York 297 303
    • (2001) Down to Earth Sociology. Introductory Readings , pp. 297-303
    • Katz, S.1
  • 51
    • 0002077204 scopus 로고
    • The role of visible behavior in the organization of social interaction
    • M. von Cranach, I. Vine, Wiley London
    • A. Kendon The role of visible behavior in the organization of social interaction M. von Cranach, I. Vine, Social Communication and Movement 1973 Wiley London 29 74
    • (1973) Social Communication and Movement , pp. 29-74
    • Kendon, A.1
  • 52
    • 0005547004 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Social human-computer interaction
    • B. Friedman, Cambridge University Press Cambridge
    • S. Kiesler, and L. Sproull Social human-computer interaction B. Friedman, Human Values and the Design of Computer Technology 1997 Cambridge University Press Cambridge 191 199
    • (1997) Human Values and the Design of Computer Technology , pp. 191-199
    • Kiesler, S.1    Sproull, L.2
  • 53
    • 0037452988 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • An interference effect of observed biological movement on action
    • J.M. Kilner, Y. Pauligan, and S.J. Blakemore An interference effect of observed biological movement on action Current Biology 13 2003 522 525
    • (2003) Current Biology , vol.13 , pp. 522-525
    • Kilner, J.M.1    Pauligan, Y.2    Blakemore, S.J.3
  • 54
    • 33646073105 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A conversational agent as museum guide - Design and evaluation of a real-world application
    • Aylett, R. et al. (Eds.) Springer, Berlin
    • Kopp, S., Gesellensetter, L., Krämer, N.C., Wachsmuth, I., 2005. A conversational agent as museum guide - design and evaluation of a real-world application, in: Aylett, R. et al. (Eds.), IVA 2005, International Working Conference on Intelligent Virtual Agents, Springer, Berlin, pp. 329-343.
    • (2005) IVA 2005, International Working Conference on Intelligent Virtual Agents , pp. 329-343
    • Kopp, S.1
  • 55
    • 14944386410 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Towards integrated microplanning of language and iconic gesture for multimodal output
    • Penn States, PA. [3.9.2006]
    • Kopp, S., Tepper, P., Cassell, J., 2004. Towards integrated microplanning of language and iconic gesture for multimodal output. Proceedings of the International Conference on Multimodal Interfaces (ICMI'04), Penn States, PA. Available: 〈http://www.techfak.uni-bielefeld.de/~skopp/publications. html〉 [3.9.2006].
    • (2004) Proceedings of the International Conference on Multimodal Interfaces (ICMI'04)
    • Kopp, S.1    Tepper, P.2    Cassell, J.3
  • 56
    • 33646064725 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Social communicative effects of a virtual program guide
    • T. Panayiotopoulos, Springer Hamburg
    • N.C. Krämer Social communicative effects of a virtual program guide T. Panayiotopoulos, Intelligent Virtual Agents 2005 2005 Springer Hamburg 442 543
    • (2005) Intelligent Virtual Agents 2005 , pp. 442-543
    • Krämer, N.C.1
  • 57
    • 33646046292 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The Ghost in the Machine. The Influence of Embodied Conversational Agents on user Expectations and user Behaviour in a TV/VCR Application
    • Bieber, G., Kirste, T. (eds.) Rostock
    • Krämer, N.C., Bente, G., Piesk, J., 2003a. The Ghost in the Machine. The Influence of Embodied Conversational Agents on user Expectations and user Behaviour in a TV/VCR Application, in Bieber, G., Kirste, T. (eds.), IMC Workshop 2003, Assistance, Mobility, Applications. Rostock, pp. 121-128.
    • (2003) IMC Workshop 2003, Assistance, Mobility, Applications , pp. 121-128
    • Krämer, N.C.1
  • 58
    • 78049372696 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Know your users! Empirical results for tailoring an agent's nonverbal behavior to different user groups
    • J. Allbeck, N. Badler, T. Bickmore, C. Pelachaud, A. Safonova, Springer Berlin
    • N.C. Krämer, L. Hoffmann, and S. Kopp Know your users! Empirical results for tailoring an agent's nonverbal behavior to different user groups J. Allbeck, N. Badler, T. Bickmore, C. Pelachaud, A. Safonova, Intelligent Virtual Agents 2010 Springer Berlin 468 474
    • (2010) Intelligent Virtual Agents , pp. 468-474
    • Krämer, N.C.1    Hoffmann, L.2    Kopp, S.3
  • 59
    • 26344474539 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Ausgabemodalitäten im Vergleich: Verändern sie das Eingabeverhalten der Benutzer?
    • R. Marzi, V. Karavezyris, H.-H. Erbe, K.P. Timpe, VDI-Verlag Düsseldorf
    • N.C. Krämer, and J. Nitschke Ausgabemodalitäten im Vergleich: verändern sie das Eingabeverhalten der Benutzer? R. Marzi, V. Karavezyris, H.-H. Erbe, K.P. Timpe, Bedienen und Verstehen. 4. Berliner Werkstatt Mensch-Maschine-Systeme 2002 VDI-Verlag Düsseldorf 231 248
    • (2002) Bedienen und Verstehen. 4. Berliner Werkstatt Mensch-Maschine-Systeme , pp. 231-248
    • Krämer, N.C.1    Nitschke, J.2
  • 60
    • 9444241032 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effects of embodied interface agents and their gestural activity
    • Aylett, R. et al. (Eds.) Springer, Berlin
    • Krämer, N.C., Tietz, B., Bente, G., 2003b. Effects of embodied interface agents and their gestural activity., in: Aylett, R. et al. (Eds.), IVA 2005, International Working Conference on Intelligent Virtual Agents, Springer, Berlin, pp. 292-300.
    • (2003) IVA 2005, International Working Conference on Intelligent Virtual Agents , pp. 292-300
    • Krämer, N.C.1
  • 62
    • 37249076016 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The effects of an embodied agent's nonverbal behavior on user's evaluation and behavioural mimicry
    • C. Pelachaud, Springer Berlin
    • N.C. Krämer, N. Simons, and S. Kopp The effects of an embodied agent's nonverbal behavior on user's evaluation and behavioural mimicry C. Pelachaud, Intelligent Virtual Agents 2007 2007 Springer Berlin 238 251
    • (2007) Intelligent Virtual Agents 2007 , pp. 238-251
    • Krämer, N.C.1    Simons, N.2    Kopp, S.3
  • 63
    • 52149099456 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Social effects of virtual assistants. A review of empirical results with regard to communication
    • H. Prendinger, J. Lester, M. Ishizuka, Springer Berlin
    • N.C. Krämer Social effects of virtual assistants. A review of empirical results with regard to communication H. Prendinger, J. Lester, M. Ishizuka, Intelligent Virtual Agents 2008 Springer Berlin 507 508
    • (2008) Intelligent Virtual Agents , pp. 507-508
    • Krämer, N.C.1
  • 64
    • 58149409641 scopus 로고
    • Social and emotional messages of smiling: An ethological approach
    • R.E. Kraut, and R.E. Johnston Social and emotional messages of smiling: an ethological approach Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 37 9 1979 1539 1553
    • (1979) Journal of Personality and Social Psychology , vol.37 , Issue.9 , pp. 1539-1553
    • Kraut, R.E.1    Johnston, R.E.2
  • 66
    • 84973848965 scopus 로고
    • Group rapport: Posture sharing as a nonverbal indicator
    • M. LaFrance, and M. Broadbent Group rapport: posture sharing as a nonverbal indicator Group & Organization Studies 1 1976 328 333
    • (1976) Group & Organization Studies , vol.1 , pp. 328-333
    • Lafrance, M.1    Broadbent, M.2
  • 68
    • 0000413033 scopus 로고
    • Posture mirroring and interactional involvement: Sex and sex typing effects
    • M. LaFrance, and W. Ickes Posture mirroring and interactional involvement: sex and sex typing effects Journal of Nonverbal Behavior 5 3 1981 139 154
    • (1981) Journal of Nonverbal Behavior , vol.5 , Issue.3 , pp. 139-154
    • Lafrance, M.1    Ickes, W.2
  • 69
    • 0141686895 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Using nonconsious behavioral mimicry to create affiliation and rapport
    • J.L. Lakin, and T.L. Chartrand Using nonconsious behavioral mimicry to create affiliation and rapport Psychological Science 14 4 2003 334 339
    • (2003) Psychological Science , vol.14 , Issue.4 , pp. 334-339
    • Lakin, J.L.1    Chartrand, T.L.2
  • 70
    • 0041878976 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The chameleon effect as social glue: Evidence for the evolutionary significance of nonconscious mimicry
    • J.L. Lakin, V.E. Jefferis, C.M. Cheng, and T.L. Chartrand The chameleon effect as social glue: evidence for the evolutionary significance of nonconscious mimicry Journal of nonverbal Behavior 27 3 2003 145 162
    • (2003) Journal of Nonverbal Behavior , vol.27 , Issue.3 , pp. 145-162
    • Lakin, J.L.1    Jefferis, V.E.2    Cheng, C.M.3    Chartrand, T.L.4
  • 71
    • 0004279862 scopus 로고
    • Addison-Wesley, Reading MA
    • E.J. Langer Mindfulness 1989 Addison-Wesley, Reading MA
    • (1989) Mindfulness
    • Langer, E.J.1
  • 73
    • 0002124472 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Deictic and emotive communication in animated pedagogical agents
    • J. Cassell, J. Sullivan, S. Prevost, E. Churchill, MIT Press Boston
    • J.C. Lester, S.G. Towns, C.B. Callaway, J.L. Voerman, and P.J. FitzGerald Deictic and emotive communication in animated pedagogical agents J. Cassell, J. Sullivan, S. Prevost, E. Churchill, Embodied Conversational agents 2000 MIT Press Boston 123 154
    • (2000) Embodied Conversational Agents , pp. 123-154
    • Lester, J.C.1    Towns, S.G.2    Callaway, C.B.3    Voerman, J.L.4    Fitzgerald, P.J.5
  • 75
    • 0000482040 scopus 로고
    • Das Wissen von fremden Ichen
    • Lipps, T. (Ed.) Engelmann, Leipzig
    • Lipps, T., 1907. Das Wissen von fremden Ichen, in: Lipps, T. (Ed.), Psychologische Untersuchungen, 1, Engelmann, Leipzig, pp. 694-722.
    • (1907) Psychologische Untersuchungen , vol.1 , pp. 694-722
    • Lipps, T.1
  • 76
    • 84986398025 scopus 로고
    • Reacting to changes in nonverbal behaviors: Relational satisfaction and adaptation patterns in romantic dyads
    • V. Manusov Reacting to changes in nonverbal behaviors: relational satisfaction and adaptation patterns in romantic dyads Human Communication Research 21 4 1995 456 477
    • (1995) Human Communication Research , vol.21 , Issue.4 , pp. 456-477
    • Manusov, V.1
  • 77
    • 0002993088 scopus 로고
    • Scales for the measurement of ethos
    • J.C. McCroskey Scales for the measurement of ethos Speech Monographs 33 1966 65 72
    • (1966) Speech Monographs , vol.33 , pp. 65-72
    • McCroskey, J.C.1
  • 79
    • 21344454051 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Pleasure-arousal-dominance: A general framework for describing and measuring individual differences in temperament
    • A. Mehrabian Pleasure-arousal-dominance: a general framework for describing and measuring individual differences in temperament Current Psychology: Developmental, -learning, -Personality, -social 14 4 1996 261 292
    • (1996) Current Psychology: Developmental, -learning, -Personality, -social , vol.14 , Issue.4 , pp. 261-292
    • Mehrabian, A.1
  • 80
    • 63049114676 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Software agents in multimedia: An experimental study of their contributions to students' learning
    • R. Moreno Software agents in multimedia: an experimental study of their contributions to students' learning Human-Computer Interaction Proceedings 2001 275 277
    • (2001) Human-Computer Interaction Proceedings , pp. 275-277
    • Moreno, R.1
  • 81
    • 0033933096 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Machines and mindlessness: Social responses to computers
    • C. Nass, and Y. Moon Machines and mindlessness: social responses to computers Journal of Social Issues 56 1 2000 81 103
    • (2000) Journal of Social Issues , vol.56 , Issue.1 , pp. 81-103
    • Nass, C.1    Moon, Y.2
  • 84
    • 0034242533 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Mood contagion: The automatic transfer of mood between persons
    • R. Neumann, and F. Strack Mood contagion: the automatic transfer of mood between persons Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 79 2 2000 211 223
    • (2000) Journal of Personality and Social Psychology , vol.79 , Issue.2 , pp. 211-223
    • Neumann, R.1    Strack, F.2
  • 85
    • 0013868938 scopus 로고
    • Dimensionality of the semantic space for communication via facial expressions
    • C.E. Osgood Dimensionality of the semantic space for communication via facial expressions Scandinavian Journal of Psychology 7 1966 1 30
    • (1966) Scandinavian Journal of Psychology , vol.7 , pp. 1-30
    • Osgood, C.E.1
  • 86
    • 0038418668 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Designing and evaluating conversational interfaces with animated characters
    • J. Cassell, J. Sullivan, S. Prevost, E. Churchill, MIT Press Boston
    • S.L. Oviatt, and B. Adams Designing and evaluating conversational interfaces with animated characters J. Cassell, J. Sullivan, S. Prevost, E. Churchill, Embodied Conversational Agents 2000 MIT Press Boston 319 345
    • (2000) Embodied Conversational Agents , pp. 319-345
    • Oviatt, S.L.1    Adams, B.2
  • 87
    • 5444241431 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Toward adaptive conversational interfaces: Modeling speech convergence with animated personas
    • S.L. Oviatt, C. Darves, and R. Coulston Toward adaptive conversational interfaces: modeling speech convergence with animated personas ACM Transactions on Computer-Human Interaction 3 2004 300 328
    • (2004) ACM Transactions on Computer-Human Interaction , vol.3 , pp. 300-328
    • Oviatt, S.L.1    Darves, C.2    Coulston, R.3
  • 92
    • 33750296518 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Bottom-up, not top-down, modulation of imitation by human and robotic models
    • C. Press, H. Gillmeister, and C. Heyes Bottom-up, not top-down, modulation of imitation by human and robotic models European Journal of Neuroscience 24 2006 2415 2419
    • (2006) European Journal of Neuroscience , vol.24 , pp. 2415-2419
    • Press, C.1    Gillmeister, H.2    Heyes, C.3
  • 95
    • 0033702306 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The effects of animated characters on anxiety, task performance, and evaluations of user interfaces
    • April 2000
    • R. Rickenberg, and B. Reeves The effects of animated characters on anxiety, task performance, and evaluations of user interfaces Letters of CHI 2000 2000 49 56 April 2000
    • (2000) Letters of CHI 2000 , pp. 49-56
    • Rickenberg, R.1    Reeves, B.2
  • 97
    • 0000010336 scopus 로고
    • The significance of posture in communication systems
    • A.E. Scheflen The significance of posture in communication systems Psychiatry 27 1964 316 321
    • (1964) Psychiatry , vol.27 , pp. 316-321
    • Scheflen, A.E.1
  • 99
  • 104
    • 0029180126 scopus 로고
    • Situated facial displays: Towards social interaction
    • Katz, I., Mack, R., Marks, L., Rosson, M.B., Nielsen, J. (Eds.) ACM Press, New York
    • Takeuchi, A., Naito, T., 1995. Situated facial displays: towards social interaction, in: Katz, I., Mack, R., Marks, L., Rosson, M.B., Nielsen, J. (Eds.), Human factors in computing Systems: CHI'95 Conference Proceedings. ACM Press, New York, pp. 450-455.
    • (1995) Human Factors in Computing Systems: CHI'95 Conference Proceedings , pp. 450-455
    • Takeuchi, A.1    Naito, T.2
  • 109
    • 0009170746 scopus 로고
    • Congruence, contagion, and motor mimicry: Mutualities in nonverbal exchange
    • J. Markova, C.F. Graumann, K. Foppa, Cambridge University Press Cambridge
    • H.G. Wallbott Congruence, contagion, and motor mimicry: mutualities in nonverbal exchange J. Markova, C.F. Graumann, K. Foppa, Mutalities in Dialogue 1995 Cambridge University Press Cambridge 82 98
    • (1995) Mutalities in Dialogue , pp. 82-98
    • Wallbott, H.G.1
  • 110
    • 33748541066 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Electromyographic responses to static and dynamic avatar emotional facial expressions
    • P. Weyers, A. Mühlberger, C. Hefele, and P. Pauli Electromyographic responses to static and dynamic avatar emotional facial expressions Psychophysiology 43 2006 450 453
    • (2006) Psychophysiology , vol.43 , pp. 450-453
    • Weyers, P.1    Mühlberger, A.2    Hefele, C.3    Pauli, P.4
  • 111
    • 60049087533 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Modulation of facial reactions to avatar emotional faces by nonconscious competition priming
    • P. Weyers, A. Mühlberger, A. Kund, U. Hess, and P. Pauli Modulation of facial reactions to avatar emotional faces by nonconscious competition priming Psychophysiology 46 2009 328 335
    • (2009) Psychophysiology , vol.46 , pp. 328-335
    • Weyers, P.1    Mühlberger, A.2    Kund, A.3    Hess, U.4    Pauli, P.5


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.