Rapid fabrication of Cu(In,Ga)Se2 thin films by the two-step selenization process

IEEE Journal of Photovoltaics

Volumn 3, Issue 1, 2013, Pages 476-482

  Ishizuka, Shogo ^a,b   Mansfield, Lorelle M ^a   Dehart, Clay ^a   Scott, Marty ^a   To, Bobby ^a   Young, Matthew R ^a   Egaas, Brian ^a   Noufi, Rommel ^a  

^a NATIONAL RENEWABLE ENERGY LABORATORY   (United States)

^b NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF ADVANCED INDUSTRIAL SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY AIST   (Japan)

Author keywords

Copper indium gallium diselenide; Cu(In; Ga)Se 2 (CIGS); photovoltaic cells; selenization; thin films

Indexed keywords

CIGS FILMS; COPPER INDIUM GALLIUM DISELENIDE; CU AMOUNTS; CU(IN , GA)SE; DEPTH PROFILE; HIGH QUALITY; LARGE-GRAIN; METAL PRECURSOR; MODULE PRODUCTION; PROCESS TIME; RAPID FABRICATION; REACTION PATHWAYS; SELENIZATION; STACKING ORDER; STRUCTURE MODIFICATION; TWO-STEP PROCESS;

ASSOCIATION REACTIONS; GALLIUM; PHOTOVOLTAIC CELLS; REACTION KINETICS; SELENIUM COMPOUNDS; SEMICONDUCTING SELENIUM COMPOUNDS; STRUCTURAL OPTIMIZATION; THIN FILMS; VAPORS;

COPPER;

EID: 84871772092     PISSN: 21563381     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1109/JPHOTOV.2012.2222868     Document Type: Article

References (14)

1. A. Goetzberger, C. Hebling, and H.-W. Schock, "Photovoltaic materials, history, status and outlook," Mater. Sci. Eng. R, vol. 40, pp. 1-46, 2003.
2. J. Scmidtke, "Commercial status of thin-film photovoltaic devices and materials," Opt. Exp., vol. 18, pp. A477-A486, 2010.
3. Solar Frontier News. (2012 Feb. 28). "Solar frontier sets new efficiency world record," Available: http://www.solar-frontier.com/news/179
4. H. Sugimoto, T. Yagioka, M. Nagahashi, Y. Yasaki, Y. Kawaguchi, T. Morimoto, Y. Chiba, T. Aramoto, Y. Tanaka, H. Hakuma, S. Kuriyagawa, and K. Kushiya, "Achievement of over 17% efficiency with 30×30 cm2-sized Cu(InGa)(SeS)2 submodules," in Proc. 37th IEEE Photovoltaic Spec. Conf., 2011, pp. 003420-003423.
5. M. Marudachalam, H. Hichri, R. Klenk, R. W. Birkmire, and W. N. Shafarman, "Preparation of homogeneous Cu(InGa)Se2 films by selenization of metal precursors in H2 Se atmosphere," Appl. Phys. Lett., vol. 67, pp. 3978-3980, 1995.
6. R. Kamada, W. N. Shafarman, and R. W. Birkmire, "Cu(In, Ga)Se2 film formation from selenization of mixed metal/metal-selenide precursors," Sol. Energy Mater. Sol. Cells, vol. 94, pp. 451-456, 2010.
7. R. Caballero, C. Guillen, M. T. Gutierrez, and C. A. Kaufmann, "CuIn1-x Gax Se2-based thin-film solar cells by the selenization of sequentially evaporated metallic layers," Progr. Photovoltaic: Res. Appl., vol. 14, pp. 145-153, 2006.
8. G. M. Hanket, W. N. Shafarman, B. E. McCandless, and R. W. Birkmire, "Incongruent reaction of Cu-(InGa) intermetallic precursors in H2 Se and H2 S," J. Appl. Phys., vol. 102, pp. 074922-1-074922-10, 2007.
9. S. Niki, M. Contreras, I. Repins, M. Powalla, K. Kushiya, S. Ishizuka, and K. Matsubara, "CIGS absorbers and processes," Progr. Photovoltaic: Res. Appl., vol. 18, pp. 453-466, 2010.
10. K. Kushiya, A. Shimizu, A. Yamada, and M. Konagai, "Development of high-efficiency CuInx Ga1-x Se2 thin-film solar cells by selenization with elemental se vapor in vacuum," Jpn. J. Appl. Phys., vol. 34, pp. 54-60, 1995.
11. N. Romeo, A. Bosio, S. Mazzamuto, D. Menossi, and A. Romeo, "CIGS thin films prepared by sputtering and selenization by using In2 Se3, Ga2 Se3 and Cu as sputtering targets," in Proc. 35th IEEE Photovoltaic Spec. Conf., 2010, pp. 000786-000788.
12. D. Cahen and R. Noufi, "Free-energies and enthalpies of possible gasphase and surface-reactions for preparation of CuInSe2," J. Phys. Chem. Solids, vol. 53, pp. 991-1005, 1992. (Pubitemid 23621450)
13. M. L. Fearheiley, "The phase relations in the Cu, In, Se system and the growth of CuInSe2 single crystals," Solar Cells, vol. 16, pp. 91-100, 1986. (Pubitemid 16592639)
14. T. Nakada, R. Onishi, and A. Kunioka, "CuInSe2-based solar cells by Se-vapor selenization from Se-containing precursors," Sol. Energy Mater. Sol. Cells, vol. 35, pp. 209-214, 1994.