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2 S.C.R. 723 (Can.), accessed 26 May 2012
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R. v. Gladstone, [1996] 2 S.C.R. 723 (Can.), accessed 26 May 2012, http://scc.lexum.org/en/1996/1996scr2-723/1996scr2-723.html.
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(1996)
R. V. Gladstone
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3
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33745941631
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The weedy west: Mobile nature, boundaries, and common space in the montana landscape
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Spring 24n4
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In this article, space is defined as "the shifting, culturally-defined distribution of things in relation to one another across the earth's surface." Mark Fiege, "The Weedy West: Mobile Nature, Boundaries, and Common Space in the Montana Landscape" Western Historical Quarterly 36 (Spring 2005): 24n4.
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(2005)
Western Historical Quarterly
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Fiege, M.1
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4
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0003491571
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New York
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For more on how native groups developed regulatory systems that differed fundamentally from modern conservation techniques, see Shepard Krech III, The Ecological Indian: Myth and History (New York, 1999).
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(1999)
The Ecological Indian: Myth and History
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Krech III, S.1
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5
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2342610030
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Toronto 15, 27-31
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For more on the role of common law in the disruption of Aboriginal fisheries, see Douglas C. Harris, Fish, Law, and Colonialism: The Legal Capture of Salmon in British Columbia (Toronto, 2001), 4, 15, 27-31
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(2001)
Fish, Law, and Colonialism: The Legal Capture of Salmon in British Columbia
, pp. 4
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Harris, D.C.1
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7
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-
0003779272
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-
Toronto
-
Throughout this study, I refer to either the Department of Fisheries and Oceans or Fisheries, meaning, in each case, the federal agency responsible for managing Canada's marine resources. Throughout Canadian history, however, the department has held several names, including Marine and Fisheries, Naval Service, and Fisheries. Dianne Newell, Tangled Webs of History: Indians and the Law in Canada's Pacific Coast Fisheries (Toronto, 1993), 24.
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(1993)
Tangled Webs of History: Indians and the Law in Canada's Pacific Coast Fisheries
, pp. 24
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Newell, D.1
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8
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38849177782
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'Overlapping territories and entwined cultures': Voyage into the northern BC spawn-on-kelp fishery
-
ed. Dianne Newell and Rosemary E. Ommer Toronto
-
I have deliberately employed the term state-sanctioned commercial spawn-on-kelp fishery. By labeling the more recent fishery "modern" I would imply a break with past practices, when in fact Aboriginal groups have always adapted their resource strategies. By simply using the term commercial, I would understate historical Aboriginal exchanges. For more on native experiences in the spawn-on-kelp fishery, see Dianne Newell, '"'Overlapping Territories and Entwined Cultures': Voyage into the Northern BC Spawn-on-Kelp Fishery" in Fishing Places, Fishing People: Traditions and Issues in Canadian Small-Scale Fisheries, ed. Dianne Newell and Rosemary E. Ommer (Toronto, 1999), 121-44.
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(1999)
Fishing Places, Fishing People: Traditions and Issues in Canadian Small-Scale Fisheries
, pp. 121-144
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Newell, D.1
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12
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84900705068
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Sustaining a relationship: Inquiry into the emergence of a logic of engagement with salmon among the southern tlingits
-
ed. Michael E. Harkin and David Rich Lewis Lincoln
-
Stephen J. Langdon, "Sustaining a Relationship: Inquiry into the Emergence of a Logic of Engagement with Salmon among the Southern Tlingits" in Native Americans and the Environment: Perspectives on the Ecological Indian, ed. Michael E. Harkin and David Rich Lewis (Lincoln, 2007), 266-7;
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(2007)
Native Americans and the Environment: Perspectives on the Ecological Indian
, pp. 266-267
-
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Langdon, S.J.1
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15
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84871788640
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accessed 25 October 2011
-
British Columbia's herring stocks have never fully recovered from years of largely unregulated harvest, however, and remain susceptible to major population fluctuations, as demonstrated by a recent dip in catches and spawn distribution. Department of Fisheries and Oceans (DFO), "Herring Spawn and Catch Records" accessed 25 October 2011, http://www.pac.dfo-mpo.gc.ca/ science/species-especes/pelagic-pelagique/herring-hareng/herspawn/pages/ default5-eng.htm.
-
Herring Spawn and Catch Records
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16
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0038091875
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Territoriality, aboriginal rights, and the heiltsuk spawn-on-kelp fishery
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Douglas C. Harris, "Territoriality, Aboriginal Rights, and the Heiltsuk Spawn-on-Kelp Fishery" UBC Law Review 34 (2000): 196.
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(2000)
UBC Law Review
, vol.34
, pp. 196
-
-
Harris, D.C.1
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17
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-
85040896106
-
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trans. Donald Nicholson-Smith Oxford, UK 10, 16
-
For more on how the cultural construction of space contributes to a hegemonic discourse that encodes and transmits the values of the dominant class, see Henri Lefebvre, The Production of Space, trans. Donald Nicholson-Smith (Oxford, UK, 1991), 6, 10, 16.
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(1991)
The Production of Space
, pp. 6
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Lefebvre, H.1
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18
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84871736076
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Haihais, bella bella, and oowekeeno
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Susanne F. Hilton, "Haihais, Bella Bella, and Oowekeeno" in Northwest Coast, vol. 7,
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Northwest Coast
, vol.7
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Hilton, S.F.1
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19
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84871767733
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ed. William C. Sturtevant Washington, DC: GPO 314-5, 318
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ed. Wayne Suttles, Handbook of North American Indians, ed. William C. Sturtevant (Washington, DC: GPO, 1990), 312, 314-5, 318
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(1990)
Handbook of North American Indians
, pp. 312
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Suttles, W.1
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20
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84871766544
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22, 129
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and Harkin, Heiltsuks, 7, 22, 129.
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Heiltsuks
, pp. 7
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Harkin1
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25
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-
84871750473
-
-
unpublished manuscript, BC Indian Advisory Committee Project 105
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Heiltsuk informant quoted in Susanne Storie and Jennifer Gould, eds., "Bella Bella Stories: Told by the People of Bella Bella" (unpublished manuscript, BC Indian Advisory Committee Project, 1968-1969), 54, 105,
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(1968)
Bella Bella Stories: Told by the People of Bella Bella
, pp. 54
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Storie, S.1
Gould, J.2
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26
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-
0009330335
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-
New York
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British Columbia Archives (BCA), Victoria; and Heiltsuk woman quoted in Franz Boas, Bella Bella Tales (New York, 1932), 55.
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(1932)
Bella Bella Tales
, pp. 55
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-
Boas, F.1
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35
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84871755171
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Retention and dispersion of larval herring in British Columbia and implications for stock structure
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and D. E. Hay and P. B. McCarter, "Retention and Dispersion of Larval Herring in British Columbia and Implications for Stock Structure" in Herring Symposium, 107.
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Herring Symposium
, pp. 107
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Hay, D.E.1
McCarter, P.B.2
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38
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84871803856
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For more on how the Tlingit adjusted their weir technology to allow sufficient passage of salmon spawners, see Langdon, "Sustaining" 267.
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Sustaining
, pp. 267
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Langdon1
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41
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84871763722
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Notes on the bella bella kwakiutl
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ed. E. W. Gifford et al 1950-1960 Berkeley 322
-
Knight quoted in Ronald L. Olson, "Notes on the Bella Bella Kwakiutl" in University of California Publications Anthropological Records, ed. E. W. Gifford et al, vol. 14, 1950-1960 (Berkeley, 1960), 321, 322;
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(1960)
University of California Publications Anthropological Records
, vol.14
, pp. 321
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Olson, R.L.1
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56
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84871776111
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Swallowing wealth: Northwest coast beliefs and ecological practices
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ed. Harkin and Lewis
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For a consideration of how the ecological understanding suggested by Heiltsuk oral histories does not automatically equate to responsible resource stewardship, see Michael E. Harkin, "Swallowing Wealth: Northwest Coast Beliefs and Ecological Practices" in Native Americans and the Environment, ed. Harkin and Lewis, 224.
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Native Americans and the Environment
, pp. 224
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Harkin, M.E.1
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58
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3242805479
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Washington, DC: GPO 254-5, 422, 424-6, 428
-
For more on the conventions surrounding the procurement and preparation of herring spawn among the culturally similar Kwakwaka'wakw nation, see Franz Boas, Ethnology of the Kwakiutl: Based on Data Collected by George Hunt⋯ (Washington, DC: GPO, 1921), 184-5, 254-5, 422, 424-6, 428.
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Ethnology of the Kwakiutl: Based on Data Collected by George Hunt⋯
, pp. 184-185
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Boas, F.1
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59
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0003699973
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Lincoln
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and Richard White, The Roots of Dependency: Subsistence, Environment, and Social Change among the Choctaws, Pawnees, and Navajos (Lincoln, 1983), xix.
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(1983)
The Roots of Dependency: Subsistence, Environment, and Social Change Among the Choctaws, Pawnees, and Navajos
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White, R.1
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60
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84871818169
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and Hilton, "Haihais" 319-20.
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Haihais
, pp. 319-320
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Hilton1
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61
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0008588894
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Vancouver, BC 21
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and Robert T. Boyd, The Coming of the Spirit of Pestilence: Introduced Infectious Diseases and Population Decline among Northwest Coast Indians, 1774-1874 (Vancouver, BC, 1998), 5, 21.
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(1998)
The Coming of the Spirit of Pestilence: Introduced Infectious Diseases and Population Decline Among Northwest Coast Indians, 1774-1874
, pp. 5
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Boyd, R.T.1
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62
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84871758221
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quoted in Harkin
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Moody Humchitt quoted in Harkin, Heiltsuks, 143;
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Heiltsuks
, pp. 143
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Humchitt, M.1
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67
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84871735154
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Haida since 1960
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ed. Suttles
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Mary Lee Stearns, "Haida since 1960" in Northwest Coast, ed. Suttles, 261;
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Northwest Coast
, pp. 261
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Stearns, M.L.1
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71
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0242428382
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Toward an interactive theory of nature and culture: Ecology, production, and cognition in the California fishing industry
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ed. Donald Worster Cambridge, UK
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Arthur F. McEvoy, "Toward an Interactive Theory of Nature and Culture: Ecology, Production, and Cognition in the California Fishing Industry" in The Ends of the Earth: Perspectives on Modern Environmental History, ed. Donald Worster (Cambridge, UK, 1988), 221;
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(1988)
The Ends of the Earth: Perspectives on Modern Environmental History
, pp. 221
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McEvoy, A.F.1
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76
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84871792058
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For an overview of the ongoing debate surrounding Pacific herring stock integrity, see Hay and McCarter, "Larval Herring" 107;
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Larval Herring
, pp. 107
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Hay1
McCarter2
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77
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84871813456
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Biological tags for stock separation in pacific herring (Clupea harengus pallasi valenciennes) and the possible effect of 'El nino' currents on parasitism
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M. Moser, "Biological Tags for Stock Separation in Pacific Herring (Clupea harengus pallasi Valenciennes) and the Possible Effect of 'El Nino' Currents on Parasitism" in Herring Symposium, 246;
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Herring Symposium
, pp. 246
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Moser, M.1
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80
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0014413249
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The tragedy of the commons
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13 December
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Garrett Hardin, "The Tragedy of the Commons" Science, 13 December 1968, 1243-8;
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(1968)
Science
, pp. 1243-1248
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Hardin, G.1
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81
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84871819041
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Vancouver, BC 5, 7, 16, 24, 26
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F. V. Dickson et al., Propagation and Harvesting of Herring Spawn on Kelp (Vancouver, BC, 1972), 1, 5, 7, 16, 24, 26
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(1972)
Propagation and Harvesting of Herring Spawn on Kelp
, pp. 1
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Dickson, F.V.1
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84
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0006565165
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Nanaimo, BC 16-7
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T. L. Shields, G. S. Jamieson, and P. E. Sprout, Spawn-on-kelp Fisheries in the Queen Charlotte Islands and Northern British Columbia Coast-1982 and 1983 (Nanaimo, BC, 1985), 2, 16-7.
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(1985)
Spawn-on-kelp Fisheries in the Queen Charlotte Islands and Northern British Columbia Coast-1982 and 1983
, pp. 2
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Shields, T.L.1
Jamieson, G.S.2
Sprout, P.E.3
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86
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84871723081
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The British Columbia fishery
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ed. Brenda Melteff Fairbanks
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Francis Dickson, "The British Columbia Fishery" in Proceedings of The Herring Roe on Kelp Workshop, Cordova, Alaska, January 23 and 24, 1979, ed. Brenda Melteff (Fairbanks, 1979), 3;
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(1979)
Proceedings of the Herring Roe on Kelp Workshop, Cordova, Alaska, January 23 and 24, 1979
, pp. 3
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Dickson, F.1
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89
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84871807250
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master's thesis, Simon Fraser University Section 25(1) of the Constitution Act, 1982
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Section 35 of the Constitution Act quoted in Aaron Blake Evans, "Frozen Fish Rights: A Socio-legal Analysis of R. v. Gladstone, R. v. Van der Peet & R. v. N.T.C. Smokehouse (at the Supreme Court of Canada, 1995-96)" (master's thesis, Simon Fraser University, 1998), 23 and Section 25(1) of the Constitution Act, 1982
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(1998)
Frozen Fish Rights: A Socio-legal Analysis of R. V. Gladstone, R. V. van der Peet & R. V. N.T.C. Smokehouse (at the Supreme Court of Canada, 1995-96)
, pp. 23
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Evans, A.B.1
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90
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84863317131
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Lightning boldts and sparrow wings: A comparison of coast salish fishing rights in British Columbia and Washington State
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cited in Daniel L. Boxberger, "Lightning Boldts and Sparrow Wings: A Comparison of Coast Salish Fishing Rights in British Columbia and Washington State" Native Studies Review 9, no. 1 (1993-1994): 6.
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(1993)
Native Studies Review
, vol.9
, Issue.1
, pp. 6
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Boxberger, D.L.1
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91
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The manipulation of culture and history: A critique of two expert witnesses
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F Collier, Reasons for judgment in the case of Reid v. Canada, 28 February 1993, 2, Vancouver, BC: Action No. T-1265-89, FCC-Trial Division, DCH (hereafter Reid v. Canada). For a thorough critique of the notion that Aboriginal authenticity and market systems are incompatible, see Paula Pryce, "The Manipulation of Culture and History: A Critique of Two Expert Witnesses" Native Studies Review 8, no. 2 (1992): 44.
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(1992)
Native Studies Review
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, Issue.2
, pp. 44
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Pryce, P.1
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